Editing Modafinil (section)

===Patent protection and litigation===
Modafinil's patent history involves several key developments. The original patent, {{US patent|4927855}}, was granted to Laboratoire L. Lafon in 1990, covering the chemical compound of modafinil. This patent expired in 2010.<ref name="patent4927855">{{cite patent|number=4927855|country=US}}</ref> In 1994, Cephalon filed a patent for modafinil in the form of particles of a defined size, represented by {{US patent|5618845}}, which expired in 2015.<ref name="www.bizjournals.com-2006">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/2006/03/27/daily13.html |title=Cephalon gets six-month Provigil patent extension |magazine=Philadelphia Business Journal |date=March 28, 2006 |access-date=July 21, 2007 |archive-date=August 4, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804204005/http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/2006/03/27/daily13.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following the nearing expiration of marketing rights in 2002, generic manufacturers, including Mylan and Teva, applied for FDA approval to market a generic form of modafinil, leading to legal challenges by Cephalon regarding the particle size patent.<ref name="Details for Patent RE37516">{{cite web |url=http://www.drugpatentwatch.com/ultimate/preview/patent/index.php?query=RE37516 |title=Details for Patent: RE37516 |access-date=November 29, 2009 |archive-date=January 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101192226/http://www.drugpatentwatch.com/ultimate/preview/patent/index.php?query=RE37516 |url-status=live }}</ref> The patent RE&nbsp;37,516 was declared invalid and unenforceable in 2011.<ref name="Justia-2010">{{cite web |url=http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/pennsylvania/paedce/2:2006cv02768/205626/514 |title=Document 514 :: APOTEX, INC. v. CEPHALON, INC. et al |publisher=Pennsylvania Eastern District Court :: US Federal District Courts Cases :: Justia |date=October 31, 2010 |access-date=July 4, 2012 |archive-date=January 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101044356/http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/pennsylvania/paedce/2:2006cv02768/205626/514 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In addition, Cephalon entered agreements with several generic drug manufacturers to delay the sale of generic modafinil in the US. These agreements were subject to legal scrutiny and antitrust investigations, culminating in a ruling by the Court of Appeals in 2016, which found that the settlements did not violate antitrust laws.<ref name="ModafinilCourtCaseInReAntitrust">{{cite court|court=Court of Appeals, 3rd Circuit|litigants=In re: Modafinil Antitrust Litigation|date=2016}}</ref>