Editing Katowice (section)

==Transportation==
===Public transportation===
[[File:Pesa Twist Step Katowice 1.JPG|thumb|[[Pesa Twist]] tram in Katowice]]
The public [[Transport network|transportation system]] of the Katowice consists of commuter and long-distance trains, trams, buses and city bikes. Around 38 percent of people in Katowice use trams and buses on their daily commute (40 percent if counted those using the park-and-ride facilities), 10 percent walk, 4 percent cycle, and 2 percent takes the train, according to a 2020 report.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=administrator |date=2020-05-28 |title=Polacy chcą lepszego transportu zbiorowego i mniej aut w miastach – badanie |url=https://polskialarmsmogowy.pl/2020/05/polacy-chca-lepszego-transportu-zbiorowego-i-mniej-aut-w-miastach-badanie/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=Polski Alarm Smogowy – Razem o czyste powietrze |language=pl-PL}}</ref> There are also three park-and-ride centers in Katowice with over 1,000 parking spaces.

==== Tram and bus lines ====
The transit authority of the [[Metropolis GZM]], Zarząd Transportu Metropolitalnego (ZTM), operates the city trams and buses.

The [[Silesian Interurbans|Silesian Interurban]] tram system is one of the largest and oldest in Europe, in operation since 1894 and covering over 200&nbsp;km of rails, including 62&nbsp;km in Katowice proper. The network in Katowice is mostly located in the northern part of the city has a star-like shape, with most lines converging on the Rynek square and expanding to all directions. There are 13 tram lines in Katowice, all but 2 expanding into neighboring cities. 116 tram stops are located in Katowice proper, as of 2020. A new tram line is planned to the southern suburbs since 2016. 
[[File:WK14 Katowice kielichy.JPG|thumb|[[Katowice railway station]]]]
In addition to trams, bus lines are organized by ZTM. There are currently 63 regular lines in Katowice (including night lines), and additional 10 express metropolitan lines, with 609 bus stops as of 2020. ZTM organizes a bus line to their airport as well, which runs every 30 minutes between 4am and 9:30pm and every hour at night.

==== Commuter trains ====
[[Koleje Śląskie]] (Silesian Railways), a regional railway authority, connects Katowice with its suburbs and other major cities in [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesian]] and [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship|Lesser Poland voivodeships]]: [[Gliwice]], [[Rybnik]], [[Częstochowa]], [[Bielsko-Biała]], [[Kraków]], and [[Oświęcim]], among others. It operates 9 regular lines and 1 tourist weekend line (to [[Zakopane]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schemat linii {{!}} Koleje Śląskie – regionalny przewoźnik kolejowy |url=https://www.kolejeslaskie.com/rozklad_jazdy/schemat-linii-komunikacyjnych/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |language=pl-PL}}</ref>

[[Polregio]] operates commuter trains from Katowice to cities and towns in [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship|Lesser Poland]] and [[Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship|Świętokrzyskie]] voivodeships: [[Trzebinia]], [[Olkusz]], and [[Kielce]], among others.

==== Long-haul trains ====
Katowice is the main railway hub in southern Poland. Katowice's main railway station is the fifth-busiest train station in Poland as of 2019 (and third outside Warsaw), with 17.6 million passengers and growing 47 percent since 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kolejowego |first=Urząd Transportu |title=Wymiana pasażerska w 2019 r. |url=https://utk.gov.pl/pl/raporty-i-analizy/analizy-i-monitoring/analizy-i-opracowania/16709,Wymiana-pasazerska-w-2019-r.html |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=Urząd Transportu Kolejowego |language=pl}}</ref> 16% of the passengers travelled on [[PKP Intercity]] train, the main long-distance train operator in Poland.

Katowice has a direct [[High-speed rail in Poland|Express Intercity Premium]] (high-speed) connection to [[Warsaw]] through the [[Grodzisk Mazowiecki–Zawiercie railway|Centralna Magistrala Kolejowa]], with a run time of 2 hours 21 minutes. [[PKP Intercity]] also offers direct standard connections to Kraków (under 1 hour), [[Wrocław]], Kielce and [[Ostrava]] (under 2 hours), Warsaw, [[Rzeszów]], [[Olomouc]], and [[Łódź]] (under 3 hours), [[Poznań]] (under 4 hours), [[Brno]], [[Vienna]] and [[Bratislava]] (under 5 hours), as well as [[Prague]], [[Budapest]], and [[Berlin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Niećko |first=Dorota |date=2021-09-06 |title=Pociągiem z Katowic w podróż do miast Europy w kilka godzin i bez przesiadek. Jak kupić bilet na kolejowe połączenie międzynarodowe |url=https://dziennikzachodni.pl/pociagiem-z-katowic-w-podroz-do-miast-europy-w-kilka-godzin-i-bez-przesiadek-jak-kupic-bilet-na-kolejowe-polaczenie/ar/c7-15788918 |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=Dziennik Zachodni |language=pl-PL}}</ref> 
[[File:2024-07 Katowice CP Zawodzie (5).jpg|thumb|''Metrobike'' bicycles in Zawodzie district]]

==== Long-haul coach lines ====
Katowice has a modern international bus station located close to the city center. There are over 400 connections on a typical weekday,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozkład jazdy |url=https://mdakatowice.pl/rozklad-jazdy/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=MDA Katowice – Międzynarodowy Dworzec Autobusowy Katowice |language=pl-PL}}</ref> with the most-popular ones being domestic destinations in Poland and cities in [[Ukraine]].

==== Cycling, walking and other ====
Cycling is becoming a more popular mode of transportation in Katowice. As of 2021, the city had {{Convert|92.6|km|mi|abbr=on}} of dedicated bicycle lanes, up from {{Convert|60|km|mi|abbr=in}} in 2015. [[Metrorower|The metropolitan bicycle system]] is operated by [[Nextbike]] and has 924 stations with over 7000 bicycles in Katowice and in surrounding cities.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=The Metrobicycle has started. The system of city bicycles rental stations, the biggest in Poland, and the third in Europe, is already available · ZTM |url=https://www.metropoliaztm.pl/en/s/metrorower-wystartowal-najwiekszy-w-polsce-i-trzeci-w-europie-system-wypozyczalni-miejskich-rowerow-juz-dostepny |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=www.metropoliaztm.pl}}</ref> Rides under 30 minutes costs PLN 1, less than 1 hour costs PLN 2.50 and each additional hour becomes more expensive.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pricelist |url=https://metrorower.transportgzm.pl/en/cennik/ |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Rower Metropolitalny |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Bolt (company)|Bolt]] and Blinkee operate commercial systems of scooter share. Traficar and Panek Car Share operate commercial carshare systems.

===Freeways, roads and streets===
[[File:Katowice - ul. W. Roździeńskiego (Novotel i Gwiazdy).JPG|thumb|Drogowa Trasa Średnicowa (DK79) exiting the tunnel below Katowice city center]]
Katowice has an extensive network of freeways, roads and streets, totaling over 1,120&nbsp;km in length.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSZ-KIIP Miejski System Zarządzania – Katowicka Infrastruktura Informacji Przestrzennej – Mapa akustyczna |url=https://emapa.katowice.eu/mszkiip/geoportal-obslugi-obywatela/mapa-akustyczna?start=3 |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=emapa.katowice.eu}}</ref> The well-developed network supports over 200,000 cars registered in Katowice, and 49 percent of commuters that drive alone, a high share compared to other major cities in Poland.<ref name=":2" /> Several freeways in Katowice are among the busiest in Poland: [[Expressway S86 (Poland)|expressway S86]] between [[Sosnowiec]] and Katowice's city center and [[A4 autostrada (Poland)|highway A4]] between Murckowska and Mikołowska interchanges both see over 100,000 cars passing each day.

Katowice has a ring around its city center, consisting of highway A4, Murckowska freeway, [[Drogowa Trasa Średnicowa]] (a freeway-style road connecting downtowns of cities in the Katowice urban area) that partly goes in a tunnel underground and Bocheńskiego road. Many of the roads and freeways in Katowice expand radially from the city center and replaced old local roads.

==== Main roads ====
[[European route E40]] passes through Katowice as [[A4 autostrada (Poland)|highway A4]]. It enters the city from Chorzów and continues eastward, with three lanes in each direction on the main road and two to three lanes in parallel access roads. It meets Bocheńskiego road and continues towards Mikołowska interchange, which is one of the only [[Interchange (road)|combination interchanges]] in Poland and the main exit towards the city center. After that interchange, the highway loses its access roads due to lack of space in the dense urban area and continues east with four lanes in each direction. Access roads appear again (only on the south side, though) after around 500 meters and there is an exit towards Francuska Street. After another 1.5 kilometer, access roads appear again on the north side, too, and there is a tight exit towards Pułaskiego Street. The highway then runs into Murckowska interchange, before exiting the city.

[[National roads in Poland#List of national roads|National road 79]] (DK79) enters Katowice from [[Chorzów]] and separates the [[Silesian Park]] and [[Osiedle Tysiąclecia]] in Katowice. It then merges with Drogowa Trasa Średnicowa (DTŚ) at the junction with Bocheńskiego road and Złota Street. It continues with DTŚ through the Katowice city center and descents into a tunnel under the Rondo roundabout. It then emerges overground again, right before an interchange with DK86. The road continues eastward as a freeway with exits towards [[Zawodzie, Katowice|Zawodzie]] and [[Szopienice-Burowiec|Szopienice]] neighborhoods for several more kilometers, before entering [[Mysłowice]] and becoming a standard-access road.

[[National roads in Poland#List of national roads|National road 81]] (DK81) enters Katowice from [[Mikołów]] and runs through the southern residential neighborhoods as an arterial road with two lanes in each direction, named [[Tadeusz Kościuszko|Kościuszki]] Street. In the Brynów neighborhood, Kościuszki Street continues towards Katowice's city center while NR 81 turns east, to run through the forest towards the interchange with DK86.

[[National roads in Poland#List of national roads|National road 86]] (DK86) enters Katowice from [[Sosnowiec]] as expressway S86 up until Roździeńskiego interchange where it meets DK79 and loses its expressway status. It then continues south as Murckowska freeway east of the city center. It meets highway A4 and then passes by [[Giszowiec]] neighborhood and continues through the woods southward, with exits towards [[Murcki]] neighborhood (from which it gets its name) and [[Kostuchna]]. It bypasses Murcki from the east and continues south towards [[Tychy]].

==== Tempo 30 Zone ====
In 2015, Katowice designated most of its city center as a {{Convert|30|km/h|mph|abbr=in}} zone, in an effort to curb traffic fatalities and crashes. Within 3 years of operation, the number of accidents dropped by 41 percent, including 37 percent drop in accidents involving pedestrians and cyclists. The accidents are also less severe: there was a 55 percent drop in injured pedestrians and cyclists.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strefa tempo 30 |url=https://katowice.eu/dla-mieszka%C5%84ca/transport-w-mie%C5%9Bcie/strefa-tempo-30 |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=katowice.eu}}</ref>

===Airports===
[[File:Terminal A outside.jpg|thumb|[[Katowice Airport]]]]
Located approximately {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of the city center, [[Katowice Airport]] is the main airport serving Katowice. The airport is a focus city for [[LOT Polish Airlines]], [[Ryanair]] and its subsidiary [[Buzz (airline)|Buzz]], [[Wizz Air]], [[Smartwings Poland|Smartwings]], and [[Enter Air]]. The busiest routes are: [[London]], [[Dortmund]], [[Antalya]], [[Eindhoven]], [[Warsaw]] and [[Frankfurt]]. Katowice is the largest leisure travel airport in Poland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics by origin airports – FPR |url=https://www.ulc.gov.pl/en/market-regulation/statictics-and-analysis-of-air-transport-market/3974-statistics-by-airports |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=www.ulc.gov.pl}}</ref> [[Long-haul flights]] are operated from Katowice to [[Varadero]] in [[Cuba]], [[Bangkok]] in [[Thailand]], [[Cancún]] in [[Mexico]], [[Malé]] in [[Maldives]] and to [[Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic|Puerto Plata]] as well as [[Punta Cana]] in [[Dominican Republic]]. Katowice is also the second-largest cargo airport, after Warsaw Chopin. The airport is accessed through a metropolitan express bus line, running every 30 minutes between 4am and 9:30pm and every hour at night. A new train station at the airport is under construction, scheduled to be operational in 2023.

Katowice is also within an hour drive from [[Kraków John Paul II International Airport|Kraków Airport]], which offers additional destinations and airlines such as [[Amsterdam]] ([[KLM]]), [[Paris]] ([[Air France]]), [[Helsinki]] ([[Finnair]]), [[Chicago]] and [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] ([[LOT Polish Airlines]]), [[Copenhagen]] and [[Stockholm]] ([[Scandinavian Airlines|SAS]]) and [[Zürich|Zurich]] ([[Swiss International Air Lines|Swiss]]). The airport can be accessed through scheduled buses leaving from Katowice bus station every 30–60 minutes.