Editing Hubble Space Telescope (section)

==== Solar System discoveries ====
[[File:Saturn.Aurora.HST.UV-Vis.jpg|thumb|Hubble's STIS UV and ACS visible light combined to reveal Saturn's southern aurora]]
[[File:Jupiter showing SL9 impact sites.jpg|thumb|Brown spots mark [[Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9]] impact sites on [[Jupiter]]'s southern hemisphere. Imaged by Hubble.]]

The collision of [[Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9]] with [[Jupiter]] in 1994 was fortuitously timed for astronomers, coming just a few months after Servicing Mission{{nbsp}}1 had restored Hubble's optical performance. Hubble images of the [[planet]] were sharper than any taken since the passage of ''[[Voyager 2]]'' in 1979, and were crucial in studying the dynamics of the collision of a large comet with Jupiter, an event believed to occur once every few centuries.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 27, 2021 |title=In Depth {{!}} P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 |url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/comets/p-shoemaker-levy-9/in-depth |access-date=April 7, 2022 |website=NASA Solar System Exploration |archive-date=February 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202124627/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/comets/p-shoemaker-levy-9/in-depth/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2015, researchers announced that measurements of aurorae around [[Ganymede (moon)|Ganymede]], one of Jupiter's moons, revealed that it has a subsurface ocean. Using Hubble to study the motion of its aurorae, the researchers determined that a large saltwater ocean was helping to suppress the interaction between Jupiter's magnetic field and that of Ganymede. The ocean is estimated to be {{convert|100|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} deep, trapped beneath a {{convert|150|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} ice crust.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2015 |title=NASA's Hubble Observations Suggest Underground Ocean on Jupiter's Largest Moon |url=http://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2015/news-2015-09 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |website=HubbleSite.org |publisher=[[Space Telescope Science Institute]] |language=en |archive-date=July 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715150224/https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2015/news-2015-09.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="search_ocean_Ganymede">{{cite journal |title=The search for a subsurface ocean in Ganymede with Hubble Space Telescope observations of its auroral ovals |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |first1=Joachim |last1=Saur |first2=Stefan |last2=Duling |first3=Lorenz |last3=Roth |first4=Xianzhe |last4=Jia |first5=Darrell F. |last5=Strobel |first6=Paul D. |last6=Feldman |first7=Ulrich R. |last7=Christensen |first8=Kurt D. |last8=Retherford |first9=Melissa A. |last9=McGrath |first10=Fabrizio |last10=Musacchio |first11=Alexandre |last11=Wennmacher |first12=Fritz M. |last12=Neubauer |first13=Sven |last13=Simon |first14=Oliver |last14=Hartkorn |display-authors=4 |volume=120 |issue=3 |date=March 2015 |doi=10.1002/2014JA020778 |bibcode=2015JGRA..120.1715S |pages=1715–1737 |hdl=2027.42/111157 |url=http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:814598/FULLTEXT01 |doi-access=free |access-date=August 25, 2019 |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720185410/http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:814598/FULLTEXT01 |url-status=live |hdl-access=free}}</ref>

HST has also been used to study objects in the outer reaches of the Solar System, including the dwarf planets [[Pluto]],<ref>{{Cite APOD|date=March 11, 1996|title=Hubble Telescope Maps Pluto|access-date=April 26, 2008}}</ref> [[Eris (dwarf planet)|Eris]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 14, 2007 |title=Astronomers Measure Mass of Largest Dwarf Planet |url=http://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2007/news-2007-24 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |website=HubbleSite.org |publisher=[[Space Telescope Science Institute]] |language=en |archive-date=December 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214164842/https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2007/news-2007-24.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[90377 Sedna|Sedna]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Mike |title=How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming |title-link=How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming |date=2010 |publisher=Spiegel & Grau |isbn=978-0-385-53108-5 |edition=1st |location=New York |pages=108, 191 |oclc=495271396 |author-link=Mike Brown (astronomer)}}</ref> During June and July 2012, U.S. astronomers using Hubble discovered [[Styx (moon)|Styx]], a tiny fifth moon orbiting Pluto.<ref name="IAUCirc">{{cite journal |last1=Showalter |first1=M. R. |last2=Weaver |first2=H. A. |last3=Stern |first3=S. A. |last4=Steffl |first4=A. J. |last5=Buie |first5=M. W. |last6=Merline |first6=W. J. |last7=Mutchler |first7=M. J. |last8=Soummer |first8=R. |last9=Throop |first9=H. B. |date=2012 |title=New Satellite of (134340) Pluto: S/2012 (134340) 1 |journal=International Astronomical Union Circular |issue=9253 |page=1 |bibcode=2012IAUC.9253....1S}}</ref>

From June to August 2015, Hubble was used to [[New Horizons#KBO Search|search]] for a [[Kuiper belt]] object (KBO) target for the ''[[New Horizons]]'' Kuiper Belt Extended Mission (KEM) when similar searches with ground telescopes failed to find a suitable target.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2014/06/hubble-recruited-new-horizons-pluto-target/ |title=Hubble recruited to find New Horizons probe post-Pluto target |work=nasaspaceflight.com |date=June 16, 2014 |access-date=February 1, 2020 |archive-date=June 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621093812/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2014/06/hubble-recruited-new-horizons-pluto-target/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This resulted in the discovery of at least five new KBOs, including the eventual KEM target, [[486958 Arrokoth]], that ''New Horizons'' performed a close fly-by of on January 1, 2019.<ref name="NASA-20141015">{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Dwayne |last2=Villard |first2=Ray |title=RELEASE 14-281 NASA's Hubble Telescope Finds Potential Kuiper Belt Targets for New Horizons Pluto Mission |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/october/nasa-s-hubble-telescope-finds-potential-kuiper-belt-targets-for-new-horizons |date=October 15, 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=October 16, 2014 |archive-date=April 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406132923/https://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/october/nasa-s-hubble-telescope-finds-potential-kuiper-belt-targets-for-new-horizons |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Buie, Marc |author-link=Marc W. Buie |title=New Horizons HST KBO Search Results: Status Report |url=http://www.stsci.edu/institute/stuc/oct-2014/New-Horizons.pdf |publisher=[[Space Telescope Science Institute]] |date=October 15, 2014 |page=23 |access-date=February 1, 2020 |archive-date=July 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150727213348/http://www.stsci.edu/institute/stuc/oct-2014/New-Horizons.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Corum |first=Jomathan |title=New Horizons Glimpses the Flattened Shape of Ultima Thule |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/12/31/science/new-horizons-ultima-thule-flyby.html |date=February 10, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=February 1, 2020 |archive-date=December 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224050632/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/12/31/science/new-horizons-ultima-thule-flyby.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2022 NASA announced that astronomers were able to use images from HST to determine the size of the nucleus of comet [[C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli–Bernstein)]], which is the largest icy comet nucleus ever seen by astronomers. The nucleus of C/2014 UN271 has an estimated mass of 50 trillion tons which is 50 times the mass of other known comets in our solar system.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jewitt |first=David |date=April 12, 2022 |title=Hubble Confirms Largest Comet Nucleus Ever Seen |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/hubble-confirms-largest-comet-nucleus-ever-seen |url-status=live |access-date=April 13, 2022 |website=NASA.GOV |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414102506/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/hubble-confirms-largest-comet-nucleus-ever-seen/ |archive-date=April 14, 2022 }}</ref>

[[File:Hubble and ALMA image of MACS J1149.5+2223.jpg|thumb|Hubble and ALMA image of [[MACS J1149.5+2223]]<ref>{{cite web |title=ALMA and VLT Find Evidence for Stars Forming Just 250 Million Years After Big Bang |url=https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1815/ |website=eso.org |access-date=May 18, 2018 |archive-date=May 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516233203/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1815/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]]