Editing Freemasonry (section)

===France===
{{Further|Freemasonry in France}}
In the 18th century, liberal French politicians met together in Masonic lodges to develop some of the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] ideas that dominated the [[French Revolution]] of 1789.<ref>Margaret C. Jacob, ''Living the Enlightenment: Freemasonry & Politics in Eighteenth-Century Europe'' (1992).</ref> Avner Halpern has traced French Freemasonry's major role in building France's first modern political party in 1901, [[Radical Party (France)|the Radical Party]]. It used two Masonic devices: the "civil leadership model", which Freemasonry developed in late 19th century France, and the local Masonic congresses of the Grand Orient of France federations.<ref>Avner Halpern, "Freemasonry and party building in late 19th-Century France." ''Modern & Contemporary France'' 10.2 (2002): 197–210.</ref>