Editing Force (section)

=== Weak nuclear ===
{{Main|Weak interaction}}
Unique among the fundamental interactions, the weak nuclear force creates no bound states.<ref name=GreinerMuller>{{Cite book |last1=Greiner |first1=Walter |title=Gauge theory of weak interactions: with 75 worked examples and exercises |last2=Müller |first2=Berndt |last3=Greiner |first3=Walter |date=2009 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-87842-1 |edition=4|location=Heidelberg}}</ref> The weak force is due to the exchange of the heavy [[W and Z bosons]]. Since the weak force is mediated by two types of bosons, it can be divided into two types of interaction or "[[Feynman diagram|vertices]]" — [[charged current]], involving the electrically charged W<sup>+</sup> and W<sup>−</sup> bosons, and [[neutral current]], involving electrically neutral Z<sup>0</sup> bosons. The most familiar effect of weak interaction is [[beta decay]] (of neutrons in atomic nuclei) and the associated [[radioactivity]].<ref name=Cutnell/>{{rp|951}} This is a type of charged-current interaction. The word "weak" derives from the fact that the field strength is some 10<sup>13</sup> times less than that of the [[strong force]]. Still, it is stronger than gravity over short distances. A consistent electroweak theory has also been developed, which shows that electromagnetic forces and the weak force are indistinguishable at a temperatures in excess of approximately {{val|e=15|ul=K}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Durrer |first=Ruth |title=The Cosmic Microwave Background |date=2008 |publisher=Cambridge Pniversity Press |isbn=978-0-521-84704-9 |pages=41–42 |author-link=Ruth Durrer}}</ref> Such temperatures occurred in the plasma collisions in the early moments of the [[Big Bang]].<ref name=GreinerMuller/>{{rp|201}}