Editing Dushanbe (section)

== Media ==

=== Newspapers and magazines ===
[[File:شماره یکم بخارای شریف.jpg|thumb|The front page of the first issue of ''Bukhara Sharif'' newspaper]]
The first newspaper published in Tajik was [[Bukharai-ye-sharif|''Bukhara Sharif'']] in [[Kagan, Uzbekistan|Kagan]] on 11 March 1912 and published by leaders of the [[Jadid Movement|Jadid movement]] like Mirzo Jalol Yusufzoda. The purpose of the newspaper was to "be a scientific, literary, directional, subject, and economic publication that will strive for the spread of civilization and the idea." Soon after, however, [[Ivan Yefimovich Petrov|Ivan Petrov]] requested that the Emir of Bukhara close the paper, which he did on 2 January 1913.<ref name="Mulloev-2009">{{Cite book|last=Mulloev|first=Sharif|url=https://mulloevsharif.wordpress.com/%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8/|title=История таджикской журналистики: учебно-методическое пособие для студентов отделения журналистики.|publisher=Russian-Tajik (Slavic) University - Department of History and Theory of Journalism and Electronic Media|year=2009|editor-last=Usmonov|location=Dushanbe|trans-title=History of Tajik journalism: a textbook for students of journalism.|editor-last2=Chigrin}}</ref>

Oina and Mullo Nasreddin were two of the earliest Tajik language magazines. The ''Zvezda Vostok'' magazine was published in Tajik in the early 1920s in support of the October Revolution. The first Soviet newspaper distributed in Tajikistan was ''Shulai Inkilob'' (Flame of the Revolution) as propaganda for the Soviet government in 1919. It was distributed throughout Tajikistan and was the main Tajik language newspaper that opposed the previous Emirate and was clearly in support of communism, the [[October Revolution]], and the [[Communist Party of Bukhara|Bukharan Communist Party]].<ref name="Mulloev-2009" />

The first Soviet newspaper published in Tajikistan was ''{{Transliteration|ru|Po basmachi}}'' which detailed the conditions of the Red Army in Tajikistan in 1923 during the [[Basmachi movement]]. In 1924, the newspaper ''Voice of the East'' ({{langx|ru|Овози шарк}} or {{lang|ru|Голос Востока}}), the first Soviet government newspaper was published in Dushanbe and was a forum for much of the poetry and literature of the young republic. In 1925, the official newspaper of Soviet Tajikistan was "''{{Transliteration|tg|Bedorii tochik}}''" (Awakening of the Tajiks). An Uzbek-language paper, Red Tajikistan, was published in Tajikistan as well. [[Sadriddin Ayni]] also published many newspapers such as ''Bukhara News'', ''Horpustak'', and ''Flame of the Revolution''.<ref name="Mulloev-2009" />

In 1929, the newspaper Red Tajikistan came into print with a large daily circulation of 5000. In the 1930s ''Komsomolets Tadzhikistana'' was published as a communist paper intended for the youth of Tajikistan. Many other newspapers were published during this time as well. The press often emphasized the collective farming system and the newspaper ''Dehkoni Kambagal'' was popular among farmers.<ref name="Mulloev-2009" />

During World War 2 newspaper production was strained as raw materials became increasingly scarce and their numbers were reduced. After the war, the many newspapers from the 30s began to be produced once again. In the 60s and 70s the newspaper ''Communist of Tajikistan'' gained prominence, winning the [[Order of the Red Banner of Labour|Order of the Red Banner of Labor]]. International cooperation was to be emphasized during the time period.<ref name="Mulloev-2009" />

During [[perestroika]], newspapers embraced more liberal and democratic ideas. One of the first to do this was the Komsomol of Tajikistan. Farkhang, a new literary magazine, published national Tajik and Islamic literature banned before such as the ''[[Masnavi]]''. The ''Sukhan'' newspaper, published by the Union of Journalists of Tajikistan, was a leading voice for liberalism and perestroika in the republic, writing about topics such as freedom of speech, democratization, and the opposition. The first publication not released by the state was from [[Rastokhez]], printed in Lithuania and delivered to Dushanbe. The [[Democratic Party (Tajikistan)|Democratic Party of Tajikistan]] published a paper, ''Justice'', in Dushanbe as well which had a circulation of 25000. ''Charogi Ruz'', or Light of Day, was the first private publication in Dushanbe, and advertised itself as the free tribune for youth. Free publications such as ''Oinai zindagi'' (by trade unions), ''Somon'', ''Haftgandzh'', and others formed.<ref name="Mulloev-2009" /> Today, ''Charogi Ruz'' is known for its criticism of the ruling government.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-01-13|title=In Russia, unknown attacker stabs exiled Tajik journalist|url=https://cpj.org/2012/01/in-russia-unknown-attacker-stabs-exiled-tajik-jour/|access-date=2020-08-17|website=Committee to Protect Journalists}}</ref>

In August 1999 there were officially 199 newspapers, although only 17 of those appeared regularly. Some of the most widely circulated national government publications are ''Dzhumhuriet'' and ''Narodna Gazeta''. In addition to the state news agency ''[[Khovar]]'' (News), there are several private newspapers, including [[Asia-Plus]], which regularly publishes in Russian and English and reports on political, social and economic issues, ''[[Jumhuriyat]],'' and ''[[Khalk ovozi]].<ref name="ewy">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gP_-8rXzQs8C&pg=PA4091|title=The Europa World Year: Kazakhstan - Zimbabwe|publisher=Taylor & Francis Group|year=2004|isbn=978-1-85743-255-8|page=4091|access-date=10 May 2016}}</ref>''<ref name="HRW-1999">{{Cite journal|title=An Overview of the Media in Tajikistan|url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1999/tajikistan/Tajik99n-04.htm|journal=[[Human Rights Watch]]|volume=11|issue=November 1999}}</ref> In 2019 there were 37 regular newspapers and 37 magazines published in the city.<ref name="Dushanbe-2021a" />

=== Radio ===
In 1924 a radio station was built in Dushanbe for military communication. On 10 April 1930 the first radio broadcast was heard by civilians in Tajikistan, from Moscow. It functioned as a news source and a source of Soviet propaganda. The first station, in Dushanbe, mainly focused on retransmitted broadcasts from Moscow and radios gradually became more prevalent in the country. While development slowed during World War 2, afterwards Tajikistan received higher [[broadband]] and quality radio stations and broadcasts.<ref name="Mulloev-2009" />

In 1977, locally created radio broadcasts were able to be transmitted from Dushanbe thanks to the construction of the Radio House in the city. In 2000, the Sadoi Dushanbe Radio was created, and today that is one of the four programs broadcast in Dushanbe.<ref name="Mulloev-2009" />

As of August 1999 government radio is broadcast throughout the nation along with independent outlets such as Asia Plus radio.<ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004g" /> [[Radio Liberty]], the [[BBC]], and Sadoi Khuroson are also broadcast in Tajik, although no independent radio stations were in operation.<ref name="HRW-1999" />

=== Television ===
On 7 November 1959 the first television center was created in the republic, the [[Televizioni Tojikiston|Tajik Television Studio]]. In 1967 programs from Moscow and Tashkent were broadcast in the country and on 15 November 1975 color television was introduced.<ref name="Mulloev-2009" /> As of August 1999 12 to 15 stations broadcast consistently. Many Russian language channels like ORT, RTR, and TV-6 broadcast as well.<ref name="HRW-1999" /> Today, a greater number of private television stations operate in the city,<ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004g" /> with 15 in the whole country, although there are still 7 state owned channels.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019|title=Media Sustainability Index: Tajikistan|url=https://www.irex.org/sites/default/files/pdf/media-sustainability-index-europe-eurasia-2019-tajikistan.pdf|publisher=[[International Research & Exchanges Board]]}}</ref>