Editing Detroit (section)

==Infrastructure==
[[File:Detroit Public Library July 2018 01.jpg|thumb|The [[Detroit Public Library]] in 2018]]

===Health systems===
There are over a dozen major hospitals, which include the [[Detroit Medical Center]] (DMC), [[Henry Ford Hospital|Henry Ford Health System]], [[St. John Health|St. John Health System]], and the John D. Dingell VA Medical Center. DMC, a regional [[Level I trauma center]], consists of Detroit Receiving Hospital and University Health Center, [[Children's Hospital of Michigan]], [[Harper University Hospital]], [[Hutzel Women's Hospital]], Kresge Eye Institute, [[Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan]], [[Sinai-Grace Hospital]], and the [[Karmanos Cancer Institute]]. DMC has more than 2,000 licensed beds and 3,000 affiliated physicians. It is the largest private employer in the city.<ref name=WSUMED>{{cite web|url=http://www.med.wayne.edu/about_the_school/ |title=Organization History and Profile |access-date=April 20, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060415162018/http://www.med.wayne.edu/about_the_school/ |archive-date=April 15, 2006 }} ''Wayne State University'' Retrieved January 24, 2011.</ref> The center is staffed by physicians from the [[Wayne State University School of Medicine]], the largest single-campus medical school in the United States and the fourth largest medical school overall.<ref name=WSUMED/>

[[File:DMCOct2009.jpg|thumb|[[Harper Hospital]] and [[Hutzel Women's Hospital]]]]

DMC formally became a part of [[Vanguard Health Systems]] on December 30, 2010, as a for-profit corporation. Vanguard has agreed to invest nearly $1.5 B in the DMC complex.<ref name =Lane>{{cite web|last=Lane|first=Amy|url=http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20100611/FREE/100619971 |title=For-profit Vanguard signs deal to buy nonprofit Detroit Medical Center |website=Crainsdetroit.com |date=June 11, 2010 |access-date=July 1, 2010}}</ref><ref name=Anstett>Anstett, Patricia (March 20, 2010).[https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120905091819/http://www.dmc.org/upload/docs/News/FREEP3202010.pdf $1.5&nbsp;billion for new DMC]. ''Detroit Free Press''. DMC.org. Retrieved on June 12, 2010.</ref> Vanguard has agreed to assume all debts and pension obligations.<ref name="Lane"/> The metro area has many other hospitals including [[William Beaumont Hospital]], St. Joseph's, and [[University of Michigan Health System|University of Michigan Medical Center]].
 
In 2011, DMC and Henry Ford Health System substantially increased investments in medical research facilities and hospitals in the city's Midtown and New Center.<ref name="Lane"/><ref name=Greene>Greene, Jay (April 5, 2010).[http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20100405/FREE/100409959 Henry Ford Health System plans $500 million expansion]. ''Crains Detroit Business''. Retrieved on June 12, 2010.</ref> In 2012, two major construction projects were begun in New Center. The Henry Ford Health System started the first phase of a $500&nbsp;million, 300-acre revitalization project, with the construction of a new $30&nbsp;million, 275,000-square-foot, ''Medical Distribution Center'' for [[Cardinal Health, Inc.]]<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/henry-ford-health-system-300-acre-detroit-development-cardinal-health-_n_1556870 | title= Henry Ford Health System Plans $500 Million, 300-Acre Detroit Development | work=[[HuffPost]] | date=May 30, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dbusiness.com/business-features/block-by-block/|title=Block By Block|first=R. J.|last=King|newspaper=dbusiness |date=October 2, 2014}}</ref> and Wayne State University started construction on a new $93&nbsp;million, 207,000-square-foot, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio).<ref name="Henderson">Henderson, Tom (April 15, 2012).[http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20120415/FREE/304159964/wsu-to-build-93m-biotech-hub WSU to build $93M biotech hub]. ''Crains Detroit Business''. Retrieved on March 15, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archinect.com/dehronek_leedap/project/wayne-state-university-ibio-the-integrative-biosciences-center |title=Wayne State University IBio – The Integrative Biosciences Center |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925081546/http://archinect.com/dehronek_leedap/project/wayne-state-university-ibio-the-integrative-biosciences-center |archive-date=September 25, 2015 }}</ref> As many as 500 researchers and staff will work out of the IBio Center.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://media.wayne.edu/2012/10/15/wayne-state-breaks-ground-on-multidisciplinary- |title= Wayne State breaks ground on Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research Building|website=Media.wayne.edu|date= July 2, 2020}}</ref>

===Transportation===
{{Main|Transportation in metropolitan Detroit}}[[File:Test train at Campus Martius station, May 2017.jpg|thumb|A [[QLine]] [[streetcar]] at [[Campus Martius station]]|alt=See caption]]

With its proximity to Canada and its facilities, ports, major highways, rail connections and international airports, Detroit is an important transportation hub. The city has three international border crossings, the [[Ambassador Bridge]], [[Detroit–Windsor Tunnel]] and [[Michigan Central Railway Tunnel]], linking Detroit to Windsor. The Ambassador Bridge is the single busiest border crossing in North America, carrying 27% of the total trade between the U.S. and Canada.<ref>[http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/freight_analysis/ambass_brdg/ambass_brdge_ovrvw.htm Ambassador Bridge Crossing Summary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051118020441/http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/freight_analysis/ambass_brdg/ambass_brdge_ovrvw.htm |date=November 18, 2005 }} (May 11, 2005). ''U.S. Department of Transportation''. Retrieved on April 8, 2007.</ref>

In 2015 Canadian Transport Minister Lisa Raitt announced Canada agreed to pay the entire cost to build a $250&nbsp;million U.S. Customs plaza adjacent to the planned new Detroit–Windsor bridge, now the [[Gordie Howe International Bridge]]. Canada had already planned to pay for 95% of the bridge, which will cost $2.1&nbsp;billion and is expected to open in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome |url=https://www.gordiehoweinternationalbridge.com/en |access-date=July 5, 2023 |website=Gordie Howe International Bridge |language=en}}</ref> "This allows Canada and Michigan to move the project forward immediately to its next steps which include further design work and property acquisition on the U.S. side of the border", Raitt said issued after she spoke in the House of Commons.
<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/250m-u-s-customs-plaza-to-be-paid-for-by-canada-1.2962166 |title= $250M U.S. customs plaza to be paid for by Canada | work=CBC News | date=February 18, 2015}}</ref>

====Transit systems====
[[File:Detroit_People_Mover_19200234349.jpg|thumb|The [[Detroit People Mover]] (DPM) [[elevated railway]] in [[Bricktown, Detroit|Bricktown]]]]Mass transit in the region is provided by bus services. The [[Detroit Department of Transportation]] provides service within city limits up to the outer edges of the city. From there, the [[Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation|Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART)]] provides service to the suburbs and the city regionally with local routes and SMART's FAST service. FAST is a new service provided by SMART which offers limited stops along major corridors throughout the Detroit metropolitan area connecting the suburbs to downtown. The new high-frequency service travels along three of Detroit's busiest corridors, Gratiot, Woodward, and Michigan, and only stops at designated FAST stops. Cross border service between the downtown areas of Windsor and Detroit is provided by [[Transit Windsor]] via the Tunnel Bus.<ref name=Tunnelbus>{{cite web|url=http://www.citywindsor.ca/000600.asp |title=Routes and Schedules |access-date=May 5, 2009 |website=Transit Windsor |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927205706/http://www.citywindsor.ca/000600.asp |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref>

An elevated rail system known as the [[Detroit People Mover|People Mover]], completed in 1987, provides daily service around a {{convert|2.94|mi|km|adj=on}} loop downtown. The [[QLINE]] serves as a link between the People Mover and the [[Detroit station|Amtrak station]] via Woodward Avenue.<ref>{{cite news |date= July 28, 2014 |title= Construction Starts on Detroit Rail |work= [[The Mining Journal]] |location= Marquette, Michigan |agency= [[Associated Press]] |page= 5A}}</ref> The [[Ann Arbor–Detroit Regional Rail]] line will extend from New Center, connecting to [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]] via [[Dearborn, Michigan|Dearborn]], [[Wayne, Michigan|Wayne]], and [[Ypsilanti, Michigan|Ypsilanti]] when it is opened.<ref name="SEMCOGrail">[http://www.semcog.org/AADD.aspx Ann Arbor – Detroit Regional Rail Project] ''SEMCOG''. Retrieved on February 4, 2010.</ref>

The [[Regional Transit Authority of Southeast Michigan|Regional Transit Authority (RTA)]] was established by an act of the Michigan legislature in 2012 to oversee and coordinate all existing regional mass transit operations, and to develop new transit services in the region. The RTA's first project was the introduction of RelfeX, a [[limited-stop]], cross-county bus service connecting downtown and midtown Detroit with Oakland county via Woodward avenue.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lawrence|first1=Eric D.|title=New express bus connects Detroit to Somerset mall|date=September 19, 2016|url=http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2016/09/18/reflex-bus-connects-detroit-somerset-macomb/90350598/ |access-date=|work=Detroit Free Press}}</ref>

[[File:Detroit Amtrak station.jpg|thumb|[[Amtrak Wolverine]] at [[Detroit station]]]]

[[Amtrak]] provides service to Detroit, operating its ''[[Wolverine (Amtrak train)|Wolverine]]'' service between Chicago and [[Pontiac, Michigan|Pontiac]]. The Amtrak station is in New Center north of downtown. Intercity bus service is offered at the [[Detroit Bus Station]]. [[Greyhound Lines]], [[Flixbus]], [[Indian Trails]], and [[Barons Bus Lines]] connect Detroit with numerous cities across the [[Midwest]].

====Car ownership====
The city of Detroit has a higher than average percentage of households without a car. In 2016, 24.7% of Detroit households lacked a car, much higher than the national average of 8.7%. Detroit averaged 1.15 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Vehicle Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map|journal=Governing|date=December 9, 2014|url=https://www.governing.com/archive/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html|access-date=|archive-date=January 15, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115202133/https://www.governing.com/archive/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html|url-status=live|first = Mike |last=Maciag}}</ref>

====Freight railroads====
Freight railroad operations in the city of Detroit are provided by [[Canadian National Railway]], [[Canadian Pacific Railway]], [[Conrail Shared Assets]], [[CSX Transportation]] and [[Norfolk Southern Railway]], each of which have local yards within the city. Detroit is also served by the [[Delray Connecting Railroad]] and [[Detroit Connecting Railroad]] shortlines.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/MI_Rail_Map_Printable_553910_7.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309182803/http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/MI_Rail_Map_Printable_553910_7.pdf |archive-date=March 9, 2017 |url-status=live|title=Michigan's Railroad System|website=Michigan Department of Transportation|access-date=January 12, 2020}}</ref>

====Airports====
[[File:DTW_McNamara_terminal_interior_(29559579673).jpg|thumb|[[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport]] (DTW), the principal airport serving Detroit, is located in nearby [[Romulus, Michigan|Romulus]].]]
[[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport]] (DTW), the principal airport serving Detroit, is in nearby [[Romulus, Michigan|Romulus]]. DTW is a primary hub for [[Delta Air Lines]] (following its acquisition of Northwest Airlines), and a secondary hub for [[Spirit Airlines]]. The airport is connected to [[Downtown Detroit]] by the [[Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation|Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART)]] FAST Michigan route.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smartbus.org/ridesmart-fast|title=Ride Smart-Fast|website=Smartbus.org|language=en-US|access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref>

[[Coleman A. Young International Airport]] (DET), previously called Detroit City Airport, is on Detroit's northeast side; the airport now maintains only charter service and [[general aviation]].<ref>Sapte, Benjamin (2003). {{cite web|url=http://www.erau.edu/research/BA590/chapters/ch2.htm |title=Southwest Airlines: Route Network Development since 1971 |access-date=April 10, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060411080441/http://www.erau.edu/research/BA590/chapters/ch2.htm |archive-date=April 11, 2006 }}. ''Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Retrieved on April 20, 2006''. Retrieved January 24, 2011.</ref> [[Willow Run Airport]], in western Wayne County near Ypsilanti, is a general aviation and cargo airport.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} Willow Run Airport |url=https://www.willowrunairport.com/ |access-date=July 5, 2023 |website=Home {{!}} Willow Run Airport |language=en}}</ref>

====Freeways====
{{Main|Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit}}
Metro Detroit has an extensive toll-free network of freeways administered by the [[Michigan Department of Transportation]]. Four major Interstate Highways surround the city. Detroit is connected via [[Interstate 75 in Michigan|I-75]] and [[Interstate 96|I-96]] to [[Ontario Highway 401|Kings Highway 401]] and to major [[Southern Ontario]] cities such as [[London, Ontario]] and the [[Greater Toronto Area]]. I-75 (Chrysler and Fisher freeways) is the region's main north–south route, serving [[Flint, Michigan|Flint]], [[Pontiac, Michigan|Pontiac]], [[Troy, Michigan|Troy]], and Detroit, before continuing south (as the Detroit–Toledo and Seaway Freeways) to serve many of the communities along the shore of Lake Erie.<ref name="Cantor">{{Cite book |last= Cantor |first= George |title= Detroit: An Insiders Guide to Michigan |year= 2005 |publisher= University of Michigan Press |isbn= 0-472-03092-2 |url= https://archive.org/details/exploremichigand0000cant }}</ref>

[[Interstate 94 in Michigan|I-94]] (Edsel Ford Freeway) runs east–west through Detroit and serves Ann Arbor to the west (where it continues to Chicago) and Port Huron to the northeast. The stretch of the I-94 freeway from Ypsilanti to Detroit was one of America's earlier limited-access highways. [[Henry Ford]] built it to link the factories at Willow Run and Dearborn during World War II. A portion was known as the Willow Run Expressway. The I-96 freeway runs northwest–southeast through Livingston, Oakland and Wayne counties and (as the Jeffries Freeway through Wayne County) has its eastern terminus in downtown Detroit.<ref name="Cantor"/>

[[Interstate 275 (Michigan)|I-275]] runs north–south from I-75 in the south to the junction of I-96 and [[Interstate 696|I-696]] in the north, providing a bypass through the western suburbs of Detroit. [[Interstate 375 (Michigan)|I-375]] is a short spur route in downtown Detroit, an extension of the Chrysler Freeway. I-696 (Reuther Freeway) runs east–west from the junction of I-96 and I-275, providing a route through the northern suburbs of Detroit. Taken together, I-275 and I-696 form a semicircle around Detroit. Michigan state highways designated with the letter M serve to connect major freeways.<ref name="Cantor"/>

===Floating post office===

[[File:J.W. Westcott II.jpg|thumb|''[[J.W. Westcott II]]'' on the Detroit River in front of the Ambassador Bridge]]

Detroit has a floating post office, the ''[[J. W. Westcott II]]'', which serves lake freighters along the Detroit River. Its [[ZIP Code]] is 48222.<ref>{{cite web|website=www,zipcodestogo.com|url=https://www.zipcodestogo.com/Detroit/MI/48222/|title=ZIP Code 48222: Detroit, MI (Detroit River Station)|date=2022|access-date=April 3, 2022}}</ref> The ZIP Code is used exclusively for the ''J. W. Westcott II'', which makes it the only floating ZIP Code in the United States. It has a land-based office at 12 24th Street, just south of the Ambassador Bridge. The J.W. Westcott Company was established in 1874 by Captain John Ward Westcott as a maritime reporting agency to inform other vessels about port conditions,<ref>{{Cite web |title=48222 |url=https://www.jwwestcott.com/ |access-date=July 5, 2023 |website=48222 |language=en-US}}</ref> and the ''J. W. Westcott II'' vessel began service in 1949 and is still in operation today.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/21/business/a-mail-boat-stays-afloat.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/21/business/a-mail-boat-stays-afloat.html |archive-date=January 1, 2022 |url-access=limited|title=A Mail Boat Stays Afloat|last=Kelley|first=Tyler J.|date=August 20, 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=June 10, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}}</ref>