Editing Cross-dressing (section)

==Across media{{Anchor|Literature}}==
{{Main|Cross-dressing in literature|Cross-dressing in film and television|Cross-dressing in music and opera}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-U0920-507, Lucie Höflich.jpg|thumb|255x255px|Actress [[Lucie Höflich]] portraying Viola in a [[Berlin]] production of [[Twelfth Night]] in 1907.]]
Women dressed as men, and less often men dressed as women, is a common trope in fiction<ref name="C&G 395">Clute & Grant 1997, p. 395</ref> and folklore. For example, in [[Thrymskvitha]], [[Thor]] disguised himself as [[Freya]].<ref name="C&G 395" /> These [[disguise]]s were also popular in [[Gothic fiction]], such as in works by [[Charles Dickens]], [[Alexandre Dumas, père]], and [[Eugène Sue]],<ref name="C&G 395" /> and in a number of [[Shakespeare]]'s plays, such as ''[[Twelfth Night]]''. In ''[[The Wind in the Willows]]'', Toad dresses as a washerwoman, and in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Éowyn]] pretends to be a man.

In [[science fiction]], [[fantasy]] and [[women's literature]], this [[literary motif]] is occasionally taken further, with literal transformation of a character from male to female or vice versa. [[Virginia Woolf]]'s ''[[Orlando: A Biography]]'' focuses on a man who becomes a woman, as does a warrior in [[Peter S. Beagle]]'s ''The Innkeeper's Song'';<ref name="C&G 396">Clute & Grant 1997, p. 396</ref> while in [[Geoff Ryman]]'s ''[[The Warrior Who Carried Life]]'', Cara magically transforms herself into a man.<ref name="C&G 396" />

Other popular examples of gender disguise include ''[[Madame Doubtfire]]'' (published as ''Alias Madame Doubtfire'' in the United States) and its movie adaptation ''[[Mrs. Doubtfire]]'', featuring a man disguised as a woman.<ref>Anita Silvey [https://books.google.com/books?id=8GUNHGutszEC&dq=characters+disguised+as+human&pg=PA284 The essential guide to children's books and their creators] p.155</ref> Similarly, the movie ''[[Tootsie]]'' features Dustin Hoffman disguised as a woman, while the movie ''[[The Associate (1996 film)|The Associate]]'' features Whoopi Goldberg disguised as a man. Japanese fashion designer and [[visual kei]] musician [[Mana (Japanese musician)|Mana]] of the bands [[Malice Mizer]] and [[Moi dix Mois]] is notable for wearing traditionally female clothes. He is credited with popularizing cross-dressing among visual kei bands.<ref>{{cite web|title=【インタビュー】Mana × Közi、MALICE MIZERを語る「Kamiの約束が実現できる」|url=https://www.barks.jp/news/?id=1000158491&page=3|work=Barks|language=Japanese|date=2018-08-29|accessdate=2024-05-15|archive-date=2021-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426024350/https://www.barks.jp/news/?id=1000158491&page=3|url-status=live}}</ref>