Editing Cairo (section)

===Tahrir Square===
{{Main|Tahrir Square}}
[[File:TahrirSQ-2020(2).jpg|thumb|View of [[Tahrir Square]] (in 2020)|alt=]]

Tahrir Square was founded during the mid 19th century with the establishment of modern downtown Cairo. It was first named Ismailia Square, after the 19th-century ruler Khedive Ismail, who commissioned the new downtown district's 'Paris on the Nile' design. After the [[Egyptian Revolution of 1919]] the square became widely known as Tahrir (Liberation) Square, though it was not officially renamed as such until after the [[Egyptian Revolution of 1952|1952 Revolution]] which eliminated the monarchy. Several notable buildings surround the square including, the American University in Cairo's downtown campus, the [[Mogamma]] governmental administrative Building, the headquarters of the [[Arab League]], the Nile Ritz Carlton Hotel, and the [[Egyptian Museum]]. Being at the heart of Cairo, the square has witnessed several major protests over the years. However, the most notable event in the square was being the focal point of the [[2011 Egyptian Revolution]] against former president Hosni Mubarak.<ref>{{cite book |author=Vatikiotis, Panayiotis J. |title=The Middle East: From the End of Empire to the End of the Cold War |url=https://archive.org/details/middleeastfromen0000vati |url-access=registration |year=1997 |publisher=Routledge |page=[https://archive.org/details/middleeastfromen0000vati/page/194 194] |isbn=9780415158497}}</ref> In 2020 the government completed the erection of a new monument in the center of the square featuring an ancient [[obelisk]] from the reign of [[Ramesses II|Ramses II]], originally unearthed at [[Tanis]] (San al-Hagar) in 2019, and four ram-headed [[sphinx]] statues moved from [[Karnak]].<ref name="Michaelson-2020">{{Cite web |date=2020-05-07 |title=Egyptologists attack transfer of sphinxes to Tahrir Square |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/07/egyptologists-pan-transfer-of-sphinxes-to-tahrir-square |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521074748/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/07/egyptologists-pan-transfer-of-sphinxes-to-tahrir-square |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-16 |title=Tahrir Square soon to boast ancient obelisk and stone rams |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/6/81712/Tahrir-Square-soon-to-boast-ancient-obelisk-and-stone-rams |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=EgyptToday |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529062935/https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/6/81712/Tahrir-Square-soon-to-boast-ancient-obelisk-and-stone-rams |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Magazine |first1=Smithsonian |last2=Machemer |first2=Theresa |title=Egypt Defies Archaeologists' Protests by Relocating Four Ancient Sphinxes |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/egypt-relocated-four-ancient-sphinxes-despite-archaeologist-protests-180974844/ |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en |archive-date=23 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123113411/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/egypt-relocated-four-ancient-sphinxes-despite-archaeologist-protests-180974844/ |url-status=live }}</ref>