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===Citations=== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="BBFC">{{cite web |title=''Batman Returns'' |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/batman-returns-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmjgxmjc |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |access-date=July 19, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903161847/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/batman-returns-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmjgxmjc |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="AFICatalog">{{cite web |title=''Batman Returns'' (1992) |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/59187 |website=[[American Film Institute]] |access-date=July 10, 2022 |archive-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320185245/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/59187 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="AmazonNovel">{{cite web |title=Batman Returns Mass Market Paperback – 1 July 1992 |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Batman-Returns-Craig-Shaw-Gardner/dp/0446363030 |website=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] |access-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-date=October 15, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015033601/https://www.amazon.co.uk/Batman-Returns-Craig-Shaw-Gardner/dp/0446363030 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="AnotherMagCatwoman">{{cite web|first=Hannah |last=Lack |title=Costume Designer Mary Vogt On Michelle Pfeiffer's Catsuit |url=http://www.anothermag.com/art-photography/2072/costume-designer-mary-vogt-on-michelle-pfeiffer-s-catsuit|website=[[Another Magazine]] |date=July 20, 2012 |access-date=July 5, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325012228/http://www.anothermag.com/art-photography/2072/costume-designer-mary-vogt-on-michelle-pfeiffer-s-catsuit |archive-date=March 25, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="AVClub2022">{{cite web|first=Tom |last=Breihan |title=''Batman Returns'' Is A Relic Of An Age When Disgusting Monsters Only Ran For Office In The Movies |url=https://www.avclub.com/batman-returns-is-a-relic-of-an-age-when-disgusting-mon-1823811610 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |date=May 3, 2022 |access-date=June 30, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621085727/https://www.avclub.com/batman-returns-is-a-relic-of-an-age-when-disgusting-mon-1823811610|archive-date=June 21, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="AwardsAcademy">{{cite web |title= The 65th Academy Awards - 1993|url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1993 |website=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] |date=March 29, 1993 |access-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707004951/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1993 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="AwardsBafta">{{cite web |title= Film In 1993|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/1993/film |website=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] |access-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-date=June 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611202056/http://awards.bafta.org/award/1993/film |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="AwardSaturn">{{cite web |title=1992 19th Saturn Awards |url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1992/1992sat.htm |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=June 8, 1993 |access-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-date= October 17, 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061017175755/http://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1992/1992sat.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="AwardMTV">{{cite web |title= A Look Back At 1993 And The Second Annual MTV Movie Awards|url=https://uproxx.com/hitfix/a-look-back-at-1993-and-the-second-annual-mtv-movie-awards/ |website=[[Uproxx]] |date= April 14, 2013|access-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-date=June 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602232649/https://uproxx.com/hitfix/a-look-back-at-1993-and-the-second-annual-mtv-movie-awards/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="AwardRazzie">{{cite web|first=Yardena |last=Arar |title=''The Bodyguard'' Top Contender For 'Other' Film Awards |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/275623/THE-BODYGUARD-TOP-CONTENDER-FOR-OTHER-FILM-AWARDS.html |website=[[Deseret News]] |date=February 16, 1993 |access-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-date=October 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023014855/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/275623/THE-BODYGUARD-TOP-CONTENDER-FOR-OTHER-FILM-AWARDS.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="AwardHugo">{{cite web |title=1993 Hugo Awards |url=https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1993-hugo-awards/ |website=[[Hugo Award]] |access-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-date=May 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529035627/https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1993-hugo-awards/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name ="BatgirlCancelled">{{Cite web |last=Gonzalez |first=Umberto |date=August 2, 2022 |title=''Batgirl'' Won't Fly: Warner Bros. Discovery Has No Plans To Release Nearly Finished $90 Million Film |url=https://www.thewrap.com/batgirl-movie-dead-warner-bros-discovery-has-no-plans-to-release-nearly-finished-90-million-film/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802202744/https://www.thewrap.com/batgirl-movie-dead-warner-bros-discovery-has-no-plans-to-release-nearly-finished-90-million-film/ |archive-date=August 2, 2022 |access-date=August 2, 2022 |website=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref> <ref name="BestBatmanCollider2">{{cite web|first=Adam |last=Chitwood |title=Every ''Batman'' Movie Ranked From Worst To Best |url=https://collider.com/best-batman-movies-ranked-worst-to-best/ |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date=March 22, 2021 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date= June 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630140329/https://collider.com/best-batman-movies-ranked-worst-to-best/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestBatmanPolygon2">{{cite web|first1=Pete |last1=Volk |first2=Susan |last2=Polo |title=Polygon Ranks The ''Batman'' Movies |url=https://www.polygon.com/22976943/batman-movies-ranked-best |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=April 23, 2022 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=June 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617172201/https://www.polygon.com/22976943/batman-movies-ranked-best |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestBatmanVulture3">{{cite web|first1=Will |last1=Leitch |first2=Tim |last2=Grierson |title=Every ''Batman'' Movie, Ranked |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/best-batman-movies-ranked.html |website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |date=March 4, 2022 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=June 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602112717/https://www.vulture.com/article/best-batman-movies-ranked.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="BestBatmanWrap3">{{cite web|first=Drew |last=Taylor |title= Every ''Batman'' Movie, Ranked (Photos) |url=https://www.thewrap.com/best-batman-movies-ranked/ |website=[[TheWrap]] |date=March 6, 2022 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=March 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325160547/https://www.thewrap.com/best-batman-movies-ranked/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestBatmanTHR3">{{cite web|first=Jordan |last=Mintzer |title=Critics' Picks: All 12 ''Batman'' Films Ranked Worst To Best |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/batman-movies-list-all-films-877852/batman-returns/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 23, 2016 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717145948/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/batman-movies-list-all-films-877852/catwoman/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestBatmanSlash4">{{cite web|first1=Shaun |last1=Stacy |first2=Rob |last2=Hunter |title=''Batman'' Movies Ranked From Worst To Best |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/621081/batman-movies-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ |website=[[/Film]] |date=March 2, 2022 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707112210/https://www.slashfilm.com/621081/batman-movies-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestBatmanEmpire4">{{cite web|first1=Ben |last1=Travis |first2=Alex |last2=Godfrey |first3=John |last3=Nugent |first4=James |last4=Dyer |first5=James |last5=White |title=Every ''Batman'' Movie Ranked |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/batman-movies-ranked/ |website=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |date=March 10, 2022 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=June 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608202809/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/batman-movies-ranked/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestBatmanTime5">{{cite web|first=Eliana |last=Dockterman |title=All The ''Batman'' Movies, Ranked |url=https://time.com/6151792/all-the-batman-movies-ranked/ |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=March 2, 2022 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date= July 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706203523/https://time.com/6151792/all-the-batman-movies-ranked/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestBatmanIGN6">{{cite web |title=Ranking The ''Batman'' Movies From Worst To Best |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/ranking-the-batman-movies-from-worst-to-best |website= [[IGN]] |date=March 15, 2022 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=July 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709022010/https://www.ign.com/articles/ranking-the-batman-movies-from-worst-to-best |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestBatmanRT6">{{cite web |title=All ''Batman'' Movies Ranked |url=https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/all-batman-movies-ranked/ |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date= June 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620052839/https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/all-batman-movies-ranked/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestBatmanEsquire10">{{cite web|first1=Johnny |last1=Davis |first2=Tom |last2=Nicholson |title=Every Single Batman Movie, Ranked From Worst To Best |url=https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/a39366284/every-batman-movie-ranked/ |website=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |date=April 27, 2022 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=June 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602112717/https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/a39366284/every-batman-movie-ranked/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestSequelEmpire13">{{cite web |title=The 50 Greatest Ever Movie Sequels |url=http://www.empireonline.com/50greatestsequels/default.asp?c=13 |website=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |access-date=July 11, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024042642/http://www.empireonline.com/50greatestsequels/default.asp?c=13 |archive-date=October 24, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestSequelRT95">{{cite web |title=The 100 Best Sequels Of All Time |url=https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/best-sequels-of-all-time/|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=July 17, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918014707/https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/best-sequels-of-all-time/|archive-date=September 18, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestSequelEmpire16">{{cite web |title=The Greatest Movie Sequels |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/50greatestsequels/ |website=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |date=September 24, 2019 |access-date=July 17, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005224642/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/50greatestsequels/ |archive-date=October 5, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestSequelVulture41">{{cite web |first1= Alison |last1= Willmore|first2= Angelica Jade |last2= Bastién|first3= Bilge |last3= Ebiri|first4= Jen |last4= Chaney|first5= Matt |last5= Zoller Seitz|first6= Nate |last6= Jones|first7= Roxana |last7= Hadadi|first8= Rebecca |last8= Alter|first9= Rachel |last9= Handler|first10= Ashley |last10= Shannon Wu|first11= Eric |last11= Vilas-Boas|first12= Alex |last12= Suskind|first13= Vikram |last13= Murthi|first14= Robert |last14= Daniels|first15= Marya E. |last15= Gates|first16= Keith |last16= Phipps|first17= Walter |last17= Chaw |author-link2=Angelica Jade Bastién |title=The 101 Best Movie Sequels Of All Time Whether They Come After, Before, Or Between Their Predecessors, These Films Have Their Own Indelible Legacies. |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/the-101-best-movie-sequels-of-all-time.html |website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=July 17, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528130705/https://www.vulture.com/article/the-101-best-movie-sequels-of-all-time.html|archive-date=May 28, 2022 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="BestSuperheroEmpire">{{cite web|first1=Chris |last1=Hewitt |first2=Owen |last2=Williams |first3=Phil |last3=De Semlyen |title=The Greatest Superhero Movies Of All Time |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/greatest-superhero-movies/ |website=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |date=March 10, 2015 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822062802/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/greatest-superhero-movies/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestSuperheroEsquire">{{cite web|first=Brady |last=Langmann |title=The Best Superhero Movies Of All Time Show How Far The Genre Has Come |url=https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/movies/g35509336/best-superhero-movies/ |website=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |date=February 23, 2021 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=May 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531024614/https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/movies/g35509336/best-superhero-movies/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestSuperheroSFXMag">{{cite web|first1=Alex |last1=Avard |first2=Bradley |last2=Russell |first3=Jack |last3=Shepherd |title=The 25 Best Superhero Movies Of All Time, Ranked! From ''Avengers: Endgame'' To ''The Dark Knight'' |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/best-superhero-movies/2/ |website=[[SFX (magazine)|SFX]] |publisher=[[GamesRadar+]] |date=December 14, 2021 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=March 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303224158/https://www.gamesradar.com/best-superhero-movies/2/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestSuperheroRS">{{cite web|first1=David |last1=Fear |first2=Brian |last2=Hiatt |first3=Alan |last3=Sepinwall |first4=Mosi |last4=Reeves |first5=Joe |last5=Gross |first6=Stephen |last6=Garrett |title=50 Greatest Superhero Movies Of All Time |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-lists/greatest-superhero-movies-of-all-time-1367814/batman-returns-1992-1368066/ |website=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=June 29, 2022 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713010428/https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-lists/greatest-superhero-movies-of-all-time-1367814/zack-snyders-justice-league-1368106/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestSuperheroParade">{{cite web|first=Samuel R. |last=Murrian |title=We Ranked The 54 Best Superhero Movies Of All Time, From ''Wonder Woman'' To ''Shang-Chi'' |url=https://parade.com/1135800/samuelmurrian/best-superhero-movies/ |website=[[Parade (magazine)|Parade]] |date=October 5, 2021 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714205315/https://parade.com/1135800/samuelmurrian/best-superhero-movies/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestSuperHeroPaste">{{cite web|first1=Michael |last1=Burgin |first2=Dom |last2=Sinacola |first3=Jim |last3=Vorel |first4=Scott |last4=Wold |title=The 100 Best Superhero Movies Of All Time |url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/movies/superhero-movies/the-100-best-superhero-movies-of-all-time/#58-the-dark-knight-rises |website=[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]] |date=March 10, 2019 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date= May 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531040504/https://www.pastemagazine.com/movies/superhero-movies/the-100-best-superhero-movies-of-all-time/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestSuperheroTechRadar">{{cite web|first=Tom |last=Power |title=Best Superhero Movies: 30 Great Comic Book Films To Watch Right Now |url= https://www.techradar.com/uk/news/best-superhero-movies-30-great-superhero-films-to-watch-right-now |website=[[TechRadar]] |date=July 8, 2022 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=June 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601232000/https://www.techradar.com/uk/news/best-superhero-movies-30-great-superhero-films-to-watch-right-now |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestSuperheroTheRinger">{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Superhero Movies Of All Time |url= https://superheroes.theringer.com/ |website=[[The Ringer (website)|The Ringer]] |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=April 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401083548/https://superheroes.theringer.com/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestVillainsCatTime">{{cite web|first=Richard |last=Corliss |author-link=Richard Corliss |title=Top 25 Greatest Villains |url=https://entertainment.time.com/2007/04/26/top-25-greatest-villains/slide/michelle-pfeiffer-as-catwoman/ |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=April 25, 2007 |access-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-date=May 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517064733/https://entertainment.time.com/2007/04/26/top-25-greatest-villains/slide/michelle-pfeiffer-as-catwoman/|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestVillainsCatSR">{{cite web|first=Ben |last=Sherlock |title=10 Best Villain Performances In DC Movies |url=https://screenrant.com/dc-comics-movies-best-villain-performances-joker-lex-luthor/ |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=July 9, 2022 |access-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-date=July 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710031207/https://screenrant.com/dc-comics-movies-best-villain-performances-joker-lex-luthor/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BestVillainsCatPengVulture">{{cite web|first=Jesse |last=Hassenger |title=''Batman'' Movie Villains, Ranked |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/03/batman-movie-villains-ranked.html |website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |date=March 8, 2022 |access-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-date=April 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419052842/https://www.vulture.com/2022/03/batman-movie-villains-ranked.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="BillFingerCBR">{{cite web|first=Devin |last=Meenan |title=Batman: Bill Finger's 10 Most Important Contributions To The Character |url=https://www.cbr.com/bill-fingers-most-important-batman-contributions/ |website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |date=January 24, 2022 |access-date=July 19, 2022 |archive-date=July 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712093215/https://www.cbr.com/bill-fingers-most-important-batman-contributions/ |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="BillFingerForbes">{{cite web|first=Devin |last=Meenan |title=Batman's Co-Creator Bill Finger Finally Receives Recognition |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robsalkowitz/2015/09/19/batmans-co-creator-bill-finger-finally-receives-recognition/?sh=8604694287e3 |website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |date=January 24, 2022 |access-date=July 19, 2022 |archive-date=July 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220719214036/https://www.forbes.com/sites/robsalkowitz/2015/09/19/batmans-co-creator-bill-finger-finally-receives-recognition/?sh=23d81a6c287e |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="BillFingerWired">{{cite web|first=Charlie Jane |last=Anders |title=Who Really Created Batman? It Depends What Batman Means To You |url=https://www.wired.com/2017/05/batman-and-bill-who-is-batman/ |website=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=May 8, 2017 |access-date=July 19, 2022 |archive-date=July 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712093215/https://www.wired.com/2017/05/batman-and-bill-who-is-batman/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BillFingerEW">{{cite web|first=Christian |last=Holub |title=Batman Co-Creator Bill Finger Finally Will Receive Writing Credit On ''Gotham'', ''Batman V Superman'' |url=https://ew.com/article/2015/09/18/batman-bill-finger-credit/ |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=September 8, 2017 |access-date=July 19, 2022 |archive-date=July 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720183612/https://ew.com/article/2015/09/18/batman-bill-finger-credit/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BOM1992NABO">{{cite web | url =http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=releasedate&view=opening&yr=1992&p=.htm | title = 1992 Yearly Box Office Results | website= [[Box Office Mojo]] | access-date = July 8, 2022 | archive-date = December 9, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151209201035/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=releasedate&view=opening&yr=1992&p=.htm| url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name="BOM1992Worldwide">{{cite web | url =https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/1992/| title =1992 Worldwide Grosses | website= [[Box Office Mojo]] | access-date = July 8, 2022 | archive-date = July 26, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120726204727/http://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=1992&p=.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="BOMBatman1989">{{cite web|title=''Batman'' (1989)|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0096895/|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=December 29, 2020|archive-date=June 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616234608/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0096895/|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BOMNAAllWeekends">{{cite web | url =https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3544548865/weekend/?ref_=bo_rl_tab#tabs | title = ''Batman Returns''| website= [[Box Office Mojo]] | access-date = July 8, 2022 | archive-date = March 2, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220302165349/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3544548865/weekend/?ref_=bo_rl_tab | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name="BOMNAOriginalRelease">{{cite web | url =https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3544548865/ | title = ''Batman Returns'' | website= [[Box Office Mojo]] | access-date = July 8, 2022 | archive-date = June 17, 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220617153943/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3544548865/ | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name="BOMNAWeekend1">{{cite web | url =https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1992W25/?ref_=bo_rl_table_1 | title =Domestic 1992 Weekend 25 June 19-21, 1992| website= [[Box Office Mojo]] | access-date = July 8, 2022 | archive-date = July 8, 2022| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220708160648/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1992W25/?ref_=bo_rl_table_1 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name="BOMNAWeekend2">{{cite web | url =https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1992W26/?ref_=bo_rl_table_2 | title =Domestic 1992 Weekend 26 June 26-28, 1992 | website= [[Box Office Mojo]] | access-date = July 8, 2022 | archive-date = July 8, 2022| archive-url = https://archive.today/20220708161805/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1992W26/?ref_=bo_rl_table_2 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name="BOMNAWeekend3">{{cite web | url =https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1992W27/?ref_=bo_rl_table_3 | title =Domestic 1992 Weekend 27 July 3-5, 1992 | website= [[Box Office Mojo]] | access-date = July 8, 2022 | archive-date = July 8, 2022| archive-url = https://archive.today/20220708161933/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1992W27/?ref_=bo_rl_table_3 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name="BOMNAWeekend4">{{cite web | url 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archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506072537/https://comicsalliance.com/batman-returns-1992-review/ |archive-date=May 6, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="CastNyTimes">{{cite web|first=Janet|last=Maslin |author-link=Janet Maslin |title=Review/Film: ''Batman Returns''; A Sincere Bat, A Sexy Cat And A Bad Bird |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/19/movies/review-film-batman-returns-a-sincere-bat-a-sexy-cat-and-a-bad-bird.html|website=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 19, 1992 |access-date=July 1, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629085407/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/19/movies/review-film-batman-returns-a-sincere-bat-a-sexy-cat-and-a-bad-bird.html |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="CastVanityFair">{{cite web|first=Katey |last=Rich |title=''Saturday Night Live'' Alum Jan Hooks Dead At 57|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2014/10/jan-hooks-obituary |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=October 9, 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|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/best-catwoman-poll |website=[[IGN]] |date=February 23, 2022 |access-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-date=March 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318235027/https://www.ign.com/articles/best-catwoman-poll |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="CatwomanBestScreenRant">{{cite web|first=Stephanie |last=Holland |title= Catwoman: Every On-Screen Performance, Ranked|url=https://screenrant.com/catwoman-best-on-screen-performances/ |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date= April 26, 2022|access-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-date=June 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617030510/https://screenrant.com/catwoman-best-on-screen-performances/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="CatwomanBestCBR">{{cite web|first=Devin |last=Meehan |title=Batman: 10 Best Actresses Who've Played Catwoman, Ranked |url=https://www.cbr.com/batman-best-actresses-played-catwoman-ranked/ |website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=March 29, 2022 |access-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-date=June 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616121641/https://www.cbr.com/batman-best-actresses-played-catwoman-ranked/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="CatwomanBestComingSoon">{{cite web|first=Nick |last=Perkins |title=Ranking Every Live Action Catwoman Performance |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/features/1046777-ranking-every-live-action-catwoman-performance |website=[[Comingsoon.net]] |access-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-date= February 4, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204190945/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/features/1046777-ranking-every-live-action-catwoman-performance |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="CatwomanBestLATimes">{{cite web|first=Tracy |last= Brown |title=''The Batman'' Villains, Ranked: Who Was The Best Catwoman, Penguin And Riddler? |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2022-03-04/batman-villains-ranked-catwoman-riddler-penguin |website= [[Los Angeles Times]] |date=March 4, 2022 |access-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220426194351/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2022-03-04/batman-villains-ranked-catwoman-riddler-penguin|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="CBRGordon">{{cite web|first=Brandon |last=Zachary |title=''Batman '89'' Turns James Gordon into its Most Tragic Figure|url=https://www.cbr.com/batman-89-james-gordon-tragic/ |website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=April 12, 2022 |access-date=June 30, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429010220/https://www.cbr.com/batman-89-james-gordon-tragic/ |archive-date=April 29, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="CBRSchumacher">{{cite web|first=Nicholas |last=Grant |title=''Batman Forever'': Why Val Kilmer Replaced Michael Keaton As Bruce Wayne|url=https://www.cbr.com/batman-forever-why-val-kilmer-replaced-michael-keaton-bruce-wayne/ |website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=November 21, 2020 |access-date=July 7, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126180829/https://www.cbr.com/batman-forever-why-val-kilmer-replaced-michael-keaton-bruce-wayne/ |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="CBRCatwomanNineLives">{{cite web|first=Ridley |last=Wright |title=''Batman Returns'': Does Catwoman Really Have Nine Lives? 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On Oscar Night, The Country's Film Industry Stands At An All-time Low. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-04-09-ca-432-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=April 9, 1992 |access-date=July 6, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629085314/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-04-09-ca-432-story.html |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="LATimesGorilla">{{cite web|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=Movies : Mr. Nice Guy Dives Back Into Action : Harrison Ford Returns To The Genre That Made Him A Star. In ''Patriot Games'', He Inherits The Role Of The CIA Agent From Alec Baldwin, But The Production Is In Trouble With Author Tom Clancy. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-03-22-ca-7388-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=March 22, 1992 |access-date=July 6, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629085359/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-03-22-ca-7388-story.html |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="LATimesKathyLong">{{cite web|first=Davis |last=Miller |title=Movies : The Next Action Hero? : Kathy Long Is A Champion Kickboxer Whose Movie Moves Remind Some Of Norris And Van Damme |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-08-23-ca-7206-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=August 23, 1992 |access-date=July 6, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629085402/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-08-23-ca-7206-story.html |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="LATimesNicholsonQnA">{{cite web|first=Hilary|last=De Vries |title=Cover Story : Still Simmering Under The Shades : Jack Nicholson Remains One Of Hollywood's Hottest Actors And Talkers. So, What, If Anything, Has Changed? You Might Be Surprised |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-12-06-ca-3049-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=December 6, 1992 |access-date=July 6, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629085315/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-12-06-ca-3049-story.html |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="LATimeseanYoung">{{cite web|first=Chris |last=Willman |title=Profile : Sean Young, Seriously : She's Not Just A Wild Spirit, She Insists, But A Sensitive Soul Too; Certainly She's Brave--her Next Step Is To Sing And Dance On Stage |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-05-17-ca-173-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=May 17, 1992 |access-date=July 6, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629085315/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-05-17-ca-173-story.html |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="LATimesFilmingDate">{{cite web|first=Dennis |last=Hunt |title=A Look Inside Hollywood And The Movies. : Casting About : At This Point, It's Less Than A Riddle |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-29-ca-4417-story.html|website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 29, 1991 |access-date=July 6, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702224348/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-29-ca-4417-story.html |archive-date=July 2, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="LATimestartDate">{{cite web|first=Beth |last=Kleid |title=Movies |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-03-ca-1951-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 3, 1991 |access-date=July 6, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706212058/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-03-ca-1951-story.html |archive-date=July 6, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="LATimesPremiere">{{cite web|first=Bill|last=Higgins |title=Batman Bash!|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-18-vw-872-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=June 18, 1992 |access-date=July 6, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702224407/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-18-vw-872-story.html |archive-date=July 2, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="LATimesMarketing120">{{cite web|first=David J.|last=Fox |title=Ready For A ''Batman'' Blitz? : More Than 120 Product Tie-ins Hit The Market|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-17-ca-572-story.html|website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=June 17, 1992 |access-date=July 7, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702224407/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-17-ca-572-story.html |archive-date=July 2, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="LATIMesPoster2">{{cite web|first=Andy |last=Marx |title=A Look Inside Hollywood And The Movies. : Into The Belfry : What If We Just Wanted His Ears? |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-14-ca-975-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=June 14, 1992 |access-date=July 7, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702224407/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-14-ca-975-story.html |archive-date=July 2, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="LATimesPolygram">{{cite web|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos|title=2 Producers Of ''Batman'' Sue Warner : Entertainment: They Challenge The Contention That The Film Lost Money. The Studio Says It Observed The Contract.|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-03-27-fi-4633-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=March 27, 1992 |access-date=July 19, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629085404/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-03-27-fi-4633-story.html |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Lebenzon">{{cite web |first=Leigh |last=Bicica|title=Tim Burton's 10 Most Frequent Collaborators |url=https://screenrant.com/tim-burtons-frequent-collaborators/ |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=June 29, 2022 |access-date=July 19, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707134605/https://screenrant.com/tim-burtons-frequent-collaborators/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Macleans">{{cite web|first=Brian D. |last=Johnson |title=Batman's Return|url=https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1992/6/22/batmans-return |website=[[Maclean's]] |date=June 22, 1992 |access-date=July 5, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725005400/https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1992/6/22/batmans-return|archive-date=July 25, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="MetacriticScore">{{cite web |title=''Batman's Return'' |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/batman-returns |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=July 17, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419065225/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/batman-returns |archive-date=April 19, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="MTVBrando">{{cite web|first=Rick |last=Marshall |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2594967/did-marlon-brando-almost-play-the-penguin-in-batman-returns-not-exactly-says-tim-burton/|title=Did Marlon Brando Almost Play The Penguin In ''Batman Returns''? Not Exactly, Says Tim Burton.|website=[[MTV]]|access-date=June 21, 2017|archive-date=May 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512083155/https://platform.twitter.com/widgets/widget_iframe.06c6ee58c3810956b7509218508c7b56.html?origin=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="NYTimesApril131992">{{cite web|first=Bernard |last=Weinraub |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/13/movies/the-talk-of-hollywood-2-titans-clash-and-all-of-filmdom-feels-shock-waves.html|title=The Talk Of Hollywood; 2 Titans Clash And All Of Filmdom Feels Shock Waves |website=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 13, 1992 | access-date=July 4, 2022 |archive-date=June 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630225510/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/13/movies/the-talk-of-hollywood-2-titans-clash-and-all-of-filmdom-feels-shock-waves.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="NYTimesMay241992">{{cite web|first=Suzanna |last=Andrews |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/24/archives/film-trying-to-put-the-sizzle-in-summer.html |title=Film; Trying To Put The Sizzle In Summer |website=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 24, 1992 | access-date=July 4, 2022 |archive-date=June 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630225512/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/24/archives/film-trying-to-put-the-sizzle-in-summer.html|url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="NYTimesMarketing">{{cite web|first=Stuart |last=Elliott |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/09/business/the-media-business-advertising-batman-returns-but-brings-far-fewer-t-shirts.html|title=The Media Business: Advertising; ''Batman Returns'', But Brings Far Fewer T-Shirts |website=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 9, 1992 | access-date=July 5, 2022 |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629085314/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/09/business/the-media-business-advertising-batman-returns-but-brings-far-fewer-t-shirts.html|url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="NYTimesTwoattheWheel">{{cite web|first=Bernard |last=Weinraub |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9F0CE7DF133FF936A35754C0A964958260.html |title=Two At The Wheel Of The Batmobile |website=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 5, 1992 | access-date=July 5, 2022 |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629085314/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9F0CE7DF133FF936A35754C0A964958260.html|url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="NYTimesWalken">{{cite web|first=Bernard |last=Weinraub |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/24/garden/lunch-with-christopher-walken-new-york-actor-takes-stardom-with-grain-salt.html|title=At Lunch With: Christopher Walken; A New York Actor Takes Stardom With A Grain Of Salt |website=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 24, 1992 | access-date=July 5, 2022 |archive-date=March 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326172020/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/24/garden/lunch-with-christopher-walken-new-york-actor-takes-stardom-with-grain-salt.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="NYTimesWelch">{{cite web|first=Betsy|last=Sharkey |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/14/archives/film-batmans-city-gets-a-new-dose-of-urban-blight.html|title=Film; Batman's City Gets A New Dose Of Urban Blight |website=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 14, 1992 | access-date=July 5, 2022 |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629085405/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/14/archives/film-batmans-city-gets-a-new-dose-of-urban-blight.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="NYTimesCarynJames">{{cite web|first=Caryn |last=James |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/28/movies/film-view-batman-returns-with-a-capeload-of-angst-and-ills.html|title=Film View; ''Batman Returns'' With A Capeload Of Angst And Ills|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 28, 1992 | access-date=July 5, 2022 |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629085316/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/28/movies/film-view-batman-returns-with-a-capeload-of-angst-and-ills.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="NYTimesBOAnalJune22">{{cite web|first=Bernard |last=Weinraub |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/22/movies/batman-is-back-and-the-money-is-pouring-in.html|title=''Batman'' Is Back, And The Money Is Pouring In |website=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 22, 1992 | access-date=July 8, 2022 |archive-date=January 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116073446/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/22/movies/batman-is-back-and-the-money-is-pouring-in.html|url-status=live 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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526052725/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/06/movies/film-what-hollywood-learned-at-summer-school.html?pagewanted=2 |url-status=live |url-access=limited|page=2}} </ref> <ref name="NYTimesHomeVideoOct15">{{cite web|first=Peter M.|last=Nichols |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/15/news/home-video-344792.html |title=Home Video |website=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 15, 1992 | access-date=July 10, 2022 |archive-date=May 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526054746/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/15/news/home-video-344792.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="NYTimesHomeVideoDec13">{{cite web|first=Peter M.|last=Nichols |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/03/movies/home-video-763092.html |title=Home Video |website=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 3, 1992 | access-date=July 10, 2022 |archive-date=May 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526052255/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/03/movies/home-video-763092.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="NYTimeschumachObit">{{cite web| first = Jason| last =Bailey | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/23/movies/joel-schumacher-batman.html | title =Don't Forget That Joel Schumacher Briefly Saved Batman| website= [[The New York Times]]| date = June 23, 2020 | access-date = July 17, 2022 | archive-date = April 18, 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220418232405/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/23/movies/joel-schumacher-batman.html | url-status = live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="NYTimesDisappointment">{{cite web| first = Pat H.| last =Broeske | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/18/movies/film-from-the-comics-to-a-screen-near-you.html | title =Don't Forget That Joel Schumacher Briefly Saved Batman| website= [[The New York Times]]| date = October 18, 1992| access-date = July 19, 2022 | archive-date = February 3, 2019 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190203090713/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/18/movies/film-from-the-comics-to-a-screen-near-you.html | url-status = live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="NYTimesAnti">{{cite web| first1 = Rebecca| last1 = Roiphe | first2=Daniel| last2= Cooper | url =https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/02/opinion/batman-and-the-jewish-question.html| title =Batman and the Jewish Question | website= [[The New York Times]]| date = July 2, 1992| access-date = July 23, 2022 | archive-date = June 29, 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220629085315/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/02/opinion/batman-and-the-jewish-question.html| url-status = live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="PattinsonLooper">{{cite web| first = Conner| last =Reilly | url =https://www.looper.com/789163/the-batman-movie-that-robert-pattinson-calls-a-masterpiece/ | title =The ''Batman'' Movie That Robert Pattinson Calls A 'Masterpiece' | website= [[Looper.com|Looper]]| date =March 5, 2022 | access-date =October 30, 2022| archive-date =September 28, 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220928081324/https://www.looper.com/789163/the-batman-movie-that-robert-pattinson-calls-a-masterpiece/| url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="PattinsonSR">{{cite web| first = Adam| last = Bentz | url =https://screenrant.com/batman-returns-movie-robert-pattinson-opinion/ | title =Robert Pattinson Still Finds Tim Burton's ''Batman Returns'' Disturbing | website= [[Screen Rant]]| date = March 3, 2022| access-date = October 30, 2022| archive-date = October 23, 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221023211802/https://screenrant.com/batman-returns-movie-robert-pattinson-opinion/| url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="PenguinIconicIndependent">{{cite web|first=Annabel |last=Nugent |title=Danny Devito Weighs In On Colin Farrell Playing His Iconic Penguin Role In ''The Batman'' 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|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="PenguinIconicIGN">{{cite web|first= Logan |last=Plant |title=Batman: Danny DeVito Wants To Reunite With Tim Burton To Reprise His Role As Penguin |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/danny-devito-tim-burton-penguin |website=[[IGN]] |date=December 1, 2022 |access-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220723123058/https://www.ign.com/articles/danny-devito-tim-burton-penguin |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="PenguinIconicGameSpot">{{cite web|first=Eric |last=Frederiksen |title=Danny DeVito Loved Colin Farrell's Penguin, But Likes Tim Burton's Style More |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/danny-devito-loved-colin-farrells-penguin-but-likes-tim-burtons-style-more/1100-6502466/ |website=[[GameSpot]] |date=April 13, 2022 |access-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20220723123218/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/danny-devito-loved-colin-farrells-penguin-but-likes-tim-burtons-style-more/1100-6502466/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="PenguinIconicMovieWeb">{{cite web|first=Michael |last=Heiskell |title=Why Danny DeVito's Penguin Was the Best Live-Action Batman Villain |url=https://movieweb.com/danny-devito-penguin-best-villain/ |website=[[MovieWeb]] |date=June 23, 2022 |access-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220723123307/https://movieweb.com/danny-devito-penguin-best-villain/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="PenguinIconicMarySue">{{cite web|first= Rachel|last=Leishman |title=Danny Devito Is Writing A Penguin Comic! Good Things Exist!!! |url=https://www.themarysue.com/danny-devito-penguin-comic/ |website=[[The Mary Sue]] |date=August 16, 2021 |access-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-date= July 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220723123440/https://www.themarysue.com/danny-devito-penguin-comic/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="PenguinIconicCBR">{{cite web|first=Andrew|last=Shuster |title=Danny Devito Wants To Revisit Penguin Alongside Michael Keaton, Michelle Pfeiffer And Tim Burton |url=https://www.cbr.com/batman-danny-devito-want-penguin-return-keaton-pfeiffer-burton/ |website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=December 1, 2021 |access-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220723123538/https://www.cbr.com/batman-danny-devito-want-penguin-return-keaton-pfeiffer-burton/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="PenguinIconicFarOut">{{cite web|first=Swapnil Dhruv |last=Bose |title=Danny Devito Comments On Colin Farrell's Penguin In ''The Batman'' |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/danny-devito-colin-farrell-the-batman/ |website=[[Far Out Magazine]] |date=April 15, 2022 |access-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220723123726/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/danny-devito-colin-farrell-the-batman/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="PenguinBestBatmanVilColli">{{cite web|first=Usama |last=Masood |title=11 Best Live-Action Batman Villains, Ranked |url=https://collider.com/best-live-action-batman-villains-ranked/|website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date=March 5, 2022 |access-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220723141649/https://collider.com/best-live-action-batman-villains-ranked/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="PenguinBestBatmanVilVariety">{{cite web|first=J. Kim |last=Murphy |title=Batman Live-Action Movie Villains, Ranked |url=https://variety.com/lists/batman-movie-villains-ranking/the-penguin-danny-devito/ |website=[[Variety (website)|Variety]] |date=March 2, 2022 |access-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220723141830/https://variety.com/lists/batman-movie-villains-ranking/talia-al-ghul-marion-cotillard/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="PenguinBestBatmanVilGSpot">{{cite web|first=Chris E. |last=Hayner |title=Every Live-Action Batman Movie Villain, Ranked From Truly Awful To Iconic |url=https://www.gamespot.com/gallery/every-live-action-batman-movie-villain-ranked-from-truly-awful-to-iconic/2900-3955/#21 |website=[[GameSpot]] |date=March 3, 2022 |access-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220723142103/https://www.gamespot.com/gallery/every-live-action-batman-movie-villain-ranked-from-truly-awful-to-iconic/2900-3955/%231 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Peta">{{cite web |title=Exposé: Inside A Major Animal Supplier To Film And TV Businesses |url=https://www.peta.org.uk/blog/expose-inside-major-animal-supplier-film-tv-businesses/ |website=[[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]] |date=January 11, 2017 |access-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220711183949/https://www.peta.org.uk/blog/expose-inside-major-animal-supplier-film-tv-businesses/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="PetaCSM">{{cite web |title=Animal-rights Group Protests Use Of Peguins In ''Batman Returns'' |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0618/18122.html |website=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |date=June 18, 1992 |access-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220711184036/https://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0618/18122.html |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="PolygonRetro">{{cite web|first=David |last=Grossman |url=https://www.polygon.com/22866802/michael-keaton-batman-returns-casting-the-flash-batgirl-dc |title=Michael Keaton Explains Why He Walked Away From ''Batman''|website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]|date=January 4, 2022 | access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403222855/https://www.polygon.com/22866802/michael-keaton-batman-returns-casting-the-flash-batgirl-dc|url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="RedTriangleComics">{{cite web|first=Grace |last=Del Pizzo |title=Joker's Biggest Contradiction Is Officially Being Called Out By DC |url=https://screenrant.com/joker-not-real-clown-red-triangle-gang-circus/ |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=June 30, 2022 |access-date=July 1, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630194747/https://screenrant.com/joker-not-real-clown-red-triangle-gang-circus/ |archive-date=June 30, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="RedTriangleComics2">{{cite web|first=Timothy |last=Donohoo |title=What The DC Debut Of ''Batman Returns''{{'}} Scariest Villains Means For Gotham City |url=https://www.cbr.com/red-triangle-circus-gang-first-appearance-robin-dc/|website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=June 28, 2022 |access-date=July 1, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630122817/https://www.cbr.com/red-triangle-circus-gang-first-appearance-robin-dc/ |archive-date=June 30, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="ChristmasBook">{{cite web|title=Batman Returns: One Dark Christmas Eve: The Illustrated Holiday Classic |url=https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Batman-Returns-One-Dark-Christmas-Eve/Ivan-Cohen/Batman/9781647227548 |website=[[Simon & Schuster]] |access-date=November 20, 2022}}</ref> <ref name="ReevesIGN">{{cite web| first = Jim| last=Vejvoda | url =https://in.ign.com/movie/146665/news/director-matt-reeves-reveals-the-two-batman-movies-he-loves-most| title =Director Matt Reeves Reveals the Two Batman Movies He Loves Most | website= [[IGN]]| date = April 9, 2020 | access-date = October 30, 2022| archive-date = April 8, 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220408234843/https://in.ign.com/movie/146665/news/director-matt-reeves-reveals-the-two-batman-movies-he-loves-most | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="ReviewEbert">{{cite web|first=Roger |last=Ebert |author-link=Roger Ebert |title=''Batman Returns'' |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/batman-returns-1992 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |date=June 19, 1992 |access-date=June 30, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621051901/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/batman-returns-1992 |archive-date=June 21, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="ReviewEmpire">{{cite web|first=Philip |last=Thomas |title=''Batman Returns'' Review|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/batman-returns-review/ |website=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |date=January 1, 2000 |access-date=June 30, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609195120/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/batman-returns-review/ |archive-date=June 9, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="ReviewEW">{{cite web|first=Owen |last=Glieberman |author-link=Owen Glieberman |title=''Batman Returns'' Review |url=https://ew.com/article/1992/06/26/batman-returns-3/ |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=June 26, 1992 |access-date=June 30, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415074917/https://ew.com/article/1992/06/26/batman-returns-3/ |archive-date=April 15, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="ReviewLATimesTuran">{{cite web|first=Kenneth |last=Turan |author-link=Kenneth Turan |title=Movie Review : The Roar Of The Cat, Whimper Of The Bat |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-19-ca-418-story.html|website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=June 19, 1992 |access-date=July 6, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629085316/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-19-ca-418-story.html |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="ReviewEWBurr">{{cite web|last=Burr|first=Ty|author-link=Ty Burr |title=Video Review: ''Batman Returns''|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,312091,00.html|access-date=April 17, 2012|website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=October 23, 1992|archive-date=July 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718230237/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,312091,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="ReviewNYTMaslin">{{cite web| url = https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E0CEFDF1539F93AA25755C0A964958260 | title =Review/Film: ''Batman Returns''; A Sincere Bat, A Sexy Cat And A Bad Bird|website=[[The New York Times]] | first = Janet| last = Maslin| author-link = Janet Maslin | date = June 19, 1992 | access-date =November 17, 2009|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120219175204/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E0CEFDF1539F93AA25755C0A964958260 |archive-date=February 19, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="ReviewRSTravers">{{cite web| url = https://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/5949279/review/5949280/batman_returns | title = ''Batman Returns'' | website= [[Rolling Stone]] | first = Peter| last = Travers| author-link = Peter Travers | date = February 7, 2001 | access-date =August 14, 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071104160020/http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/5949279/review/5949280/batman_returns |archive-date = November 4, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="ReviewWAPOHowe">{{cite web| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/batmanreturnspg13howe_a07fbb.htm | title = ''Batman Returns'' | website= [[The Washington Post]] | first = Desson | last = Howe |author-link=Desson Howe | date = June 19, 1992 | access-date = August 14, 2008 | archive-date = November 7, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121107051455/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/batmanreturnspg13howe_a07fbb.htm | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="ReviewReaderRosenbaum">{{cite web | first = Jonathan | last = Rosenbaum | author-link = Jonathan Rosenbaum | title = Batman | website= [[Chicago Reader]] | url = http://onfilm.chicagoreader.com/movies/capsules/771_BATMAN_RETURNS | date = June 19, 1992 | access-date = August 14, 2008 | archive-date = December 8, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081208081824/http://onfilm.chicagoreader.com/movies/capsules/771_BATMAN_RETURNS | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="ReviewSiskel">{{cite web | first = Gene| last =Siskel | author-link =Gene Siskel | title =Offbeat ''Batman Returns'' Is A Freudian Fairy Tale| website= [[Chicago Tribune]] | url =https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1992-06-19-9202240337-story.html | date = June 19, 1992 | access-date = July 12, 2022 | archive-date = May 30, 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190530210235/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1992-06-19-9202240337-story.html | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name="ReviewTribuneKehr">{{cite web | first = Dave| last =Kehr | author-link =Dave Kehr | title =Caped Fear| website= [[Chicago Tribune]] | url =https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1992-06-19-9202240323-story.html| date = June 19, 1992 | access-date = July 12, 2022 | archive-date =September 21, 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190921151240/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1992-06-19-9202240323-story.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name="ReviewWaPoKempley">{{cite web | first = Rita| last =Kempley | title = ''Batman Returns''| website= [[The Washington Post]] | url =https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/batmanreturnspg13kempley_a07fba.htm | date = June 19, 1992 | access-date = July 17, 2022 | archive-date =December 16, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181216031313/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/batmanreturnspg13kempley_a07fba.htm | url-status = dead}}</ref> <ref name="ReviewVarietyMcCarthy">{{cite web| url = https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117901465.html?categoryid=31&cs=1&p=0 | title = ''Batman Returns'' |website= [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | first = Todd| last = McCarthy | author-link=Todd McCarthy |date = June 15, 1992 | access-date =August 14, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008033852/http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117901465.html?categoryid=31&cs=1&p=0|archive-date=October 8, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="RollingStoneElfman">{{cite web| url =https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/watch-tim-burton-and-danny-elfman-talk-batman-score-36871/ | title =Watch Tim Burton And Danny Elfman Talk ''Batman'' Score | website= [[Rolling Stone]] | first = Kory | last =Grow | date =October 27, 2015 | access-date =July 27, 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210802042010/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/watch-tim-burton-and-danny-elfman-talk-batman-score-36871/ |archive-date = August 2, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="RottenTomatoesScore">{{cite web| url = https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/batman_returns | title = ''Batman Returns'' |website= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] | access-date =July 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603223153/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/batman_returns |archive-date=June 3, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="ScreenRantReappraised">{{cite web|first=Brad |last=Curran |title=''Batman Returns'': Why Danny DeVito's Penguin Is Both The Best AND The Worst Version |url=https://screenrant.com/batman-returns-danny-devito-penguin-good-bad-why/|website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=February 28, 2022 |access-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-date=April 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425163722/https://screenrant.com/batman-returns-danny-devito-penguin-good-bad-why/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="ScreenRantBestBat20">{{cite web|first=Dusty |last=Stowe |title=Why ''Batman Returns'' Is Better Than Tim Burton's Original |url=https://screenrant.com/batman-returns-1989-original-compared-better-reason/ |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=March 10, 2021 |access-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-date=July 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701180127/https://screenrant.com/batman-returns-1989-original-compared-better-reason/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="ScreenRantAnti">{{cite web|first=Nickalus |last=Rupert |title=''Batman Returns'' Controversy Explained: Was Penguin Anti-Semitic? |url=https://screenrant.com/batman-returns-controversy-antisemitism-penguin-accusation-explained/ |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=November 28, 2020 |access-date=July 23, 2022 |archive-date=March 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331231628/https://screenrant.com/batman-returns-controversy-antisemitism-penguin-accusation-explained/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="SMHerald">{{cite web|first=Garry |last=Maddox |title=Danny Elfman Presents His Tim Burton Movie Scores At Adelaide Festival |url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/danny-elfman-presents-his-tim-burton-movie-scores-at-adelaide-festival-20141016-116qbg.html|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=June 30, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018183803/http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/danny-elfman-presents-his-tim-burton-movie-scores-at-adelaide-festival-20141016-116qbg.html |archive-date=October 18, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="StanWinstonPenguin">{{cite web |title=''Batman Returns'' - Creating The Penguin |url=https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/batman-returns-the-penguin-danny-devito-makeup |website=[[Stan Winston Studio]] |date=November 13, 2015 |access-date=July 18, 2022 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20220718194524/https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/batman-returns-the-penguin-danny-devito-makeup |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="StanWinstonPenguinArmy">{{cite web |title=''Batman Returns'' - Creating The Penguin's Army Of Penguins |url=https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/batman-returns-behind-the-scenes-stan-winston-studio-the-penguin-army-of-penguins|website=[[Stan Winston Studio]] |date=November 6, 2018 |access-date=July 18, 2022 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20220718200354/https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/batman-returns-behind-the-scenes-stan-winston-studio-the-penguin-army-of-penguins |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="TCM">{{cite web|url=https://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/152602|title=''Batman Returns''|website=[[Turner Classic Movies]] |access-date=February 22, 2013|archive-date=March 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326143851/http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/152602%7C0/Batman-Returns.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="TheRinger2022">{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Nayman|title=The Grotesque Beauty Of ''Batman Returns''|url=https://www.theringer.com/movies/2022/2/28/22950929/batman-returns-best-superhero-movie-tim-burton-michael-keaton |website=[[The Ringer (website)|The Ringer]] |date=February 28, 2022 |access-date=June 29, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503200231/https://www.theringer.com/movies/2022/2/28/22950929/batman-returns-best-superhero-movie-tim-burton-michael-keaton |archive-date=May 3, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="THRReturnsat25">{{cite web|first=Byron |last=Burton |title=''Batman Returns'' At 25: Stars Reveal Script Cuts, Freezing Sets And Aggressive Penguins |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/batman-returns-at-25-stars-reveal-script-cuts-freezing-sets-aggressive-penguins-1013942/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=June 19, 2017 |access-date=June 27, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624084018/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/batman-returns-at-25-stars-reveal-script-cuts-freezing-sets-aggressive-penguins-1013942/ |archive-date=June 24, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="THRWuhl">{{cite web|first=Byron |last=Burton |title=The Battle To Make Tim Burton's ''Batman'' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/batman-michael-keaton-vetoed-michelle-pfeiffer-role-1989-film-1220139/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=June 21, 2019 |access-date=July 2, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613125803/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/batman-michael-keaton-vetoed-michelle-pfeiffer-role-1989-film-1220139/ |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="TheWrapSequels">{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Chitwood |title=Michael Keaton Explains Why He Didn't Return for ''Batman Forever''|url=https://www.thewrap.com/why-michael-keaton-didnt-return-for-batman-forever/ |website=[[TheWrap]] |date=January 4, 2022 |access-date=July 17, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312203450/https://www.thewrap.com/why-michael-keaton-didnt-return-for-batman-forever/|archive-date=March 12, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="VarietyBestof50">{{cite web|first=Clayton|last=Davis|title=50 Best Superhero Movie Performances Of The Last 50 Years, From Ben Affleck To Zendaya |url=https://variety.com/lists/best-superhero-movies-performances-ranked/heath-ledger-the-dark-knight-2008-2/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date= July 19, 2022|access-date=September 2, 2022 |archive-date=September 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220902212041/https://variety.com/lists/best-superhero-movies-performances-ranked/michael-pena-ant-man-2015/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="VarietyCatwoman2">{{cite web| first = Michael | last = Fleming | url = https://variety.com/1994/voices/columns/seagal-on-the-pulpit-may-be-too-much-for-wb-117395/ | title = Seagal on the pulpit may be too much for WB | website= [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date = January 13, 1994 | access-date = August 14, 2008 | archive-date = October 24, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121024095640/http://www.variety.com/article/VR117395 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="VarietyCatwoman">{{cite web| first = Michael | last = Fleming | url = https://variety.com/1993/voices/columns/another-life-at-wb-for-catwoman-and-burton-109036/ | title = Another Life At WB For ''Catwoman'' And Burton? |website = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date = July 22, 1993 | access-date = August 14, 2008 | archive-date = October 24, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121024095605/http://www.variety.com/article/VR109036 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="VarietyNosferatu">{{cite web |title=''Batman Returns'' |url=https://variety.com/1992/film/reviews/batman-returns-1200430018/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=June 15, 1992|access-date=July 2, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402140515/https://variety.com/1992/film/reviews/batman-returns-1200430018/ |archive-date=April 2, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="VentureBeatVideoGame">{{cite web|first=Jeff |last=Grubb |title= A Quick History Of ''Batman'' In Video Games|url=https://venturebeat.com/2012/07/21/batman-in-video-games/ |website=[[VentureBeat]] |date=July 21, 2012 |access-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220711184148/https://venturebeat.com/2012/07/21/batman-in-video-games/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Vulture2017">{{cite web |first=Angelica Jade |last=Bastién |author-link=Angelica Jade Bastién |title=25 Years Later, Michelle Pfeiffer's Catwoman Is Still the Best Superhero Movie Villain |url=https://www.vulture.com/2017/06/michelle-pfeiffer-catwoman-batman-returns-is-still-the-best-villain.html|website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |date=June 26, 2017 |access-date=June 30, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625223952/https://www.vulture.com/2017/06/michelle-pfeiffer-catwoman-batman-returns-is-still-the-best-villain.html |archive-date=June 25, 2022 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="VultureWaters">{{cite web|first1=Dan |last1=Reilly |first2=Vikram |last2=Murthi |title=The Hardest Sequel I Ever Wrote The Writers Behind ''Blade Runner 2049'', ''Batman Returns'', The ''John Wick'' Sequels, And More On Their Toughest Franchise Gigs. |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/hardest-sequel-i-ever-wrote.html|website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |date=April 27, 2022 |access-date=July 7, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702150304/https://www.vulture.com/article/hardest-sequel-i-ever-wrote.html |archive-date=July 2, 2022 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> <ref name="WAPOBO">{{cite web|first=Steve |last=Pond |title=Chris Coppola, In Uncle's Footsteps|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1992/07/17/chris-coppola-in-uncles-footsteps/87fbc4ea-a24b-492b-9d52-3d57b7e61652/ |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=July 17, 1992 |access-date=July 7, 2022 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20220707121809/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1992/07/17/chris-coppola-in-uncles-footsteps/87fbc4ea-a24b-492b-9d52-3d57b7e61652/ |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="WAPOCrit">{{cite web|first=Donna |last=Britt |title=As ''Batman Returns'', Parents Cringe Again|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1992/06/19/as-batman-returns-parents-cringe-again/e151bb5d-0beb-41e8-aab7-515370fa81e8/ |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 19, 1992 |access-date=July 7, 2022 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20220707122714/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1992/06/19/as-batman-returns-parents-cringe-again/e151bb5d-0beb-41e8-aab7-515370fa81e8/ |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="WAPOLawsuit">{{cite web|first=Kim |last=Masters |title=Holy Lawsuit, ''Batman''!|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1992/03/27/holy-lawsuit-batman/618f302a-4ec5-4a9d-a413-e94d2b98ced5/ |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=March 27, 1992 |access-date=July 7, 2022 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20220707121511/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1992/03/27/holy-lawsuit-batman/618f302a-4ec5-4a9d-a413-e94d2b98ced5/ |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="XmasVariety">{{cite web| first1 = Emily | last1 = Longeretta | first2 = William | last2 = Earl | first3 = Jordan | last3 = Moreau | first4 = J. | last4 = Kim Murphy | first5 = Pat | last5 = Saperstein | first6 = Ethan | last6 = Shanfeld | first7 = Ellise | last7 = Shafer | first8 = Katcy | last8 = Stephan | first9 = Meredith | last9 = Woerner | first10 = Michaela | last10 = Zee | url =https://variety.com/lists/best-christmas-movies/batman-returns-1992/ | title =The 40 Best Christmas Movies Of All Time |website = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date = November 17, 2023 | access-date = November 18, 2023 | archive-date = November 18, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231118082109/https://variety.com/lists/best-christmas-movies/ | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="XmasEmpire">{{cite web | first=Helen |last=O'Hara | url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/empire-30-best-christmas-movies/ |title=The 30 Best Christmas Movies |website= [[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]] |date=December 22, 2016 |access-date=July 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129111706/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/empire-30-best-christmas-movies/|archive-date=January 29, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="LastingRTXmas">{{cite web|title=The 55 Best Christmas Movies Of All Time |url=https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/best-christmas-movies/ |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=July 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117181751/https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/best-christmas-movies/ |archive-date=January 17, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="XmasCountry">{{cite web |first=Taysha |last=Murtaugh | url=https://www.countryliving.com/life/entertainment/g5034/top-christmas-movies/?slide=36|title=70 Best Christmas Movies To Binge-Watch This Holiday Season |website= [[Country Living]] |date=December 24, 2019 |access-date=July 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200721174819/https://www.countryliving.com/life/entertainment/g5034/top-christmas-movies/?slide=36 |archive-date=July 21, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="XmasTimeOut2019">{{cite web|title=The 50 Best Christmas movies |url=https://www.timeout.com/london/film/the-50-best-christmas-movies |website=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |date=October 22, 2019 |access-date=July 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622121248/https://www.timeout.com/london/film/the-50-best-christmas-movies |archive-date=June 22, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="XmasTimeOut2023">{{cite web |first=Andy |last=Kryza |title=The 50 Best Christmas Movies Of All Time |url=https://www.timeout.com/london/film/the-50-best-christmas-movies |website=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |date=October 17, 2023 |access-date=July 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523010621/https://www.timeout.com/film/the-50-best-christmas-movies |archive-date=May 23, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="XmasTelegraph">{{cite web | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/best-christmas-movies-watch-top-films-elf-home-alone-die-hard/batman/ |title=The 25 Best Christmas Movies, From ''Love Actually'' To ''The Muppets Christmas Carol'' |website= [[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=December 24, 2019 |access-date=November 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226055030/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/best-christmas-movies-watch-top-films-elf-home-alone-die-hard/batman/ |archive-date=December 26, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> }}
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