Editing AS Roma (section)

==As a company==
{{clear}}
{{Infobox company
| name             = NEEP Roma Holding ([[Consolidated financial statement|Group]])
| revenue          = {{increase}} €128.520 million (2013–14)<ref>Gruppo NEEP Roma Holding ''bilancio'' (consolidated financial statements) on 30 June 2014 {{in lang|it}}, [http://www.registroimprese.it PDF purchased from Italian CCIAA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430040135/http://www.registroimprese.it/ |date=30 April 2014 }}</ref>
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{fontcolor|red|(€26.950&nbsp;million)}} (2013–14)
| net_income       = {{increase}} {{fontcolor|red|(€40.107&nbsp;million)}} (2013–14)<ref group=nb name=minority>Included [[minority interest]]s</ref>
| assets           = {{increase}} €386.31&nbsp;million (2013–14)
| equity           = {{increase}} €43.398&nbsp;million (2013–14)<ref group=nb name=minority/>
| subsid           = AS&nbsp;Roma&nbsp;SpA&nbsp;(79.044%)<br />AS&nbsp;Roma&nbsp;Real&nbsp;Estate&nbsp;(100%)<br />Stadio&nbsp;TdV
| owner            = AS Roma SPV LLC (91%)<br /><small>James Pallotta</small><br /><small>Thomas R. DiBenedetto</small><br /><small>Michael Ruane</small><br /><small>Richard D'Amore</small><br /><small>Starwood Capital</small><br />Raptor Holdco LLC (9%)<br /><small>James Pallotta</small>
| website= {{URL|http://www.asroma.com}}
}}
{{Infobox company
| name             = AS Roma
| traded_as        = {{ISE|IT0001008876|ASR}}
| revenue          = {{decrease}} €175&nbsp;million
| revenue_year     = 2016–17
| operating_income = {{decrease}} {{fontcolor|red|(€14&nbsp;million)}}
| income_year      = 2016–17
| net_income       = {{decrease}} {{fontcolor|red|(€42&nbsp;million)}}
| net_income_year  = 2016–17
| assets           = {{increase}} €436&nbsp;million
| assets_year      = 2016–17
| equity           = {{increase}} {{fontcolor|red|(€89&nbsp;million)}}
| equity_year      = 2016–17
| subsid           = {{Unbulleted list|Soccer&nbsp;S.a.s.&nbsp;di&nbsp;Brand&nbsp;Management|ASR&nbsp;Media&nbsp;and&nbsp;Sponsorship}}
| owner            = {{Unbulleted list|NEEP&nbsp;Roma&nbsp;Holding&nbsp;(79.044%)|other (20.956%)}}
| website          = {{URL|http://www.asroma.com}}
| footnotes        = in a consolidated basis<ref>{{cite web|url=http://res.cloudinary.com/as-roma-turbine-production/image/upload/v1507243227/asroma-uat/zxqr8gtzcahqfx0rlcr2.pdf|title=Relazione Finanziaria Annuale per l'esercizio chiuso al 30-6-2017|date=5 October 2017|access-date=10 January 2018|website=cloudinary.com|publisher=A.S. Roma|language=it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107055455/http://res.cloudinary.com/as-roma-turbine-production/image/upload/v1507243227/asroma-uat/zxqr8gtzcahqfx0rlcr2.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
Since 1999, during Franco Sensi's period in charge, Associazione Sportiva Roma has been a listed {{Lang|it|[[Società per azioni]]}} on [[Borsa Italiana]]. From 2004 to 2011, Roma's [[share (finance)|share]]s are distributed between; 67.1% to Compagnia Italpetroli SpA (the Sensi family ''[[Holding company|holding]]''; [[Banca di Roma]] later acquired 49% stake on Italpetroli due to debt restructuring) and 32.9% to other public shareholders.

Along with Lazio and Juventus, Roma is one of only three quotated Italian clubs. According to [[Deloitte Football Money League|The Football Money League]] published by consultants [[Deloitte]], in the 2010–11 season, Roma was the 15th highest-earning football club in the world with an [[Deloitte Football Money League#Full listing|estimated revenue]] of €143.5&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-UnitedKingdom/Local%20Assets/Documents/Industries/Sports%20Business%20Group/uk-sbg-dfml-2012-final.pdf |publisher=Deloitte |title=Football Money League |date=February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202185629/http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-UnitedKingdom/Local%20Assets/Documents/Industries/Sports%20Business%20Group/uk-sbg-dfml-2012-final.pdf |archive-date=2 February 2013  }}</ref>

In April 2008, after months of speculation, [[George Soros]] was confirmed by Rosella Sensi, CEO of Serie A club A.S. Roma, to be bidding for a takeover.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/SerieA/Squadre/Roma/Primo_Piano/2008/04_Aprile/18/puntoroma.shtml |language=it |newspaper=La Gazzetta dello Sport |access-date=26 April 2008|date=18 April 2008| title=La stretta finale di Soros distrae lo sprint della Roma| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080421190310/http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/SerieA/Squadre/Roma/Primo_Piano/2008/04_Aprile/18/puntoroma.shtml| archive-date= 21 April 2008|url-status = live}}</ref> The takeover bid was successively rejected by the Sensi family, who instead preferred to maintain the club's ownership. On 17 August 2008 club chairman and owner [[Franco Sensi]] died after a long illness; his place at the chairmanship of the club was successively taken by his daughter Rosella.

Since the takeover in 2011, NEEP Roma Holding S.p.A. has owned all shares Sensi previously hold. NEEP, itself a joint venture, was held by DiBenedetto AS Roma LLC (later renamed to AS Roma SPV, LLC) and [[Unicredit]] in 60–40 ratio from 2011 to 2013, which the former had four real person shareholders in equal ratio, led by future Roma president [[Thomas R. DiBenedetto]] (2011–12). The takeover also activated a mandatory bid of shares from the general public, however not all minority shareholders were willing to sell their shares. The mandatory bid meant NEEP held 78.038% of shares of AS Roma (increased from 67.1% of the Sensi).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consob.it/mainen/issuers/listed_companies/index.html?codconsob=117470|publisher=Consob|title=A.S. Roma SpA Ownership|date=20 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011214551/http://consob.it/mainen/issuers/listed_companies/index.html?codconsob=117470|archive-date=11 October 2007}}</ref> On 1 August 2013, the president of Roma as well as one of the four American shareholders of AS Roma SPV, LLC, [[James Pallotta]], bought an additional 9% shares of NEEP Roma Holding from Unicredit (through Raptor Holdco LLC), as the bank was not willing to fully participate in the capital increase of NEEP from €120,000 to €160,008,905 (excluding [[share premium]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asroma.it/pdf/corporate/comunicati_finanziari/2013_08_01_press_release.pdf|title=AS Roma – Official Website – Rome – Football – Soccer|access-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810224618/http://www.asroma.it/pdf/corporate/comunicati_finanziari/2013_08_01_press_release.pdf|archive-date=10 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asroma.it/pdf/corporate/comunicati_finanziari/2013_06_08_estratto_patti_parasociali.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.asroma.it/pdf/corporate/comunicati_finanziari/2013_06_08_estratto_patti_parasociali.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=AS Roma – Official Website – Rome – Football – Soccer}}</ref> On 4 April 2014 [[Starwood Capital Group]] also became the fifth shareholder of AS Roma SPV, as well as forming a strategic partnership with AS Roma SpA to develop real estate around the new stadium.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://starwoodcapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/04-02-14-AS_Roma_3-26-14.pdf|title=STARWOOD CAPITAL GROUP ENTERS STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP TO HELP DEVELOP AS ROMA'S NEW STADIUM CAMPUS|date=26 March 2014|access-date=14 July 2014|publisher=Starwood Capital|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424033543/http://starwoodcapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/04-02-14-AS_Roma_3-26-14.pdf|archive-date=24 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The private investment firm was represented by Zsolt Kohalmi in AS Roma SPV, who was appointed on 4 April as a partner and head of European acquisitions of the firm.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.starwoodcapital.com/UploadedImages/Zsolt_Kohalmi_Appointment_FINAL.pdf |title=Zsolt Kohalmi Named to Oversee European Acquisition Efforts |date=4 April 2014 |access-date=14 July 2014 |publisher=Starwood Capital |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715042259/http://www.starwoodcapital.com/UploadedImages/Zsolt_Kohalmi_Appointment_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2014  }}</ref> On 11 August 2014, UniCredit sold the remain shares on NEEP (of 31%) for €33&nbsp;million which meant AS Roma SPV LLC (91%) and Raptor Holdco LLC (9%) were the sole intermediate holding company of AS Roma SpA.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.asroma.it/pdf/corporate/comunicati_finanziari/2014_8_11_ASR_SPV_LLC_RAPTOR_HOLDCO_LLC-_UNICREDIT_SPA.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.asroma.it/pdf/corporate/comunicati_finanziari/2014_8_11_ASR_SPV_LLC_RAPTOR_HOLDCO_LLC-_UNICREDIT_SPA.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=PRESS RELEASE|date=11 August 2014|access-date=21 April 2015|publisher=AS Roma}}</ref>

Since re-capitalization in 2003–04, Roma had a short-lived financial self-sustainability, until the takeover in 2011. The club had set up a special amortisation fund using [[Articolo 18-bis Legge 91/1981]] mainly for the abnormal signings prior 2002–03 season, (such as [[Davide Bombardini]] for €11&nbsp;million account value in June 2002, when the flopped player exchange boosted 2001–02 season result) and the tax payment of 2002–03 was rescheduled. In 2004–05, Roma made a net profit of €10,091,689 and followed by €804,285 in 2005–06.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asroma.it/pdf/corporate/bilanci_e_relazioni/2006-11-06_bilancio_di_esercizio_al_30_giugno_2006.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.asroma.it/pdf/corporate/bilanci_e_relazioni/2006-11-06_bilancio_di_esercizio_al_30_giugno_2006.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Bilancio di esercizio al 30 giugno 2006|date=6 November 2006|access-date=24 September 2011|work=AS Roma|language=it}}</ref> In 2006–07 season the accounting method changed to IFRS, which meant that the 2005–06 result was reclassified as net loss of €4,051,905 and 2006–07 season was net income of €10,135,539 (€14.011&nbsp;million as a group).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asroma.it/pdf/corporate/bilanci_e_relazioni/2007-12-07_bilancio_di_esercizio_e_consolidato_al_30_giugno_2007.pdf |title=Bilancio di esercizio e consolidato al 30 giugno 2007 |date=7 December 2007 |access-date=24 September 2011 |work=AS Roma |language=it |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608041017/http://www.asroma.it/pdf/corporate/bilanci_e_relazioni/2007-12-07_bilancio_di_esercizio_e_consolidato_al_30_giugno_2007.pdf |archive-date=8 June 2012  }}</ref> Moreover, the special fund (€80,189,123) was removed from the asset and co-currently for the equity as scheduled, meant Roma group had a negative equity of €8.795&nbsp;million on 30 June 2007. Nevertheless, the club had sold the brand to a subsidiary which boost the profit in a separate financial statement, which ''[[La Repubblica]]'' described as "doping".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/2006/11/sezioni/sport/calcio/doping-bilanci/doping-bilanci/doping-bilanci.html|title=Il "doping" nei conti dei big del pallone perdite complessive oltre i 68 milioni|date=9 November 2006|access-date=8 April 2018|work=La Repubblica|publisher=Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso|language=it|archive-date=30 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830041606/http://www.repubblica.it/2006/11/sezioni/sport/calcio/doping-bilanci/doping-bilanci/doping-bilanci.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2007–08, Roma made a net income of €18,699,219. (€19&nbsp;million as a group)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asroma.it/pdf/corporate/bilanci_e_relazioni/2008-11-17_bilancio_di_esercizio_e_consolidato_al_30_giugno_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.asroma.it/pdf/corporate/bilanci_e_relazioni/2008-11-17_bilancio_di_esercizio_e_consolidato_al_30_giugno_2008.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Bilancio di esercizio e consolidato al 30 giugno 2008|date=17 November 2008|access-date=24 September 2011|work=AS Roma|language=it}}</ref> However, 2008–09 saw the decrease of gate and TV income, co-currently with finishing sixth in Serie A, which saw Roma make a net loss of €1,894,330. (€1.56&nbsp;million as a group)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asroma.it/pdf/2009_-11-16_bilancio_di_esercizio_e_consolidato_al_30_giugno_2009.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.asroma.it/pdf/2009_-11-16_bilancio_di_esercizio_e_consolidato_al_30_giugno_2009.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Bilancio di esercizio e consolidato al 30 giugno 2009|date=16 November 2009|access-date=24 September 2011|publisher=A.S. Roma|language=it}}</ref> The gate and TV income further slipped in 2009–10 with a net loss of €21,917,292 (already boosted by the sale of [[Alberto Aquilani]]; €22&nbsp;million as a group) despite sporting success (finishing in second place in [[2009–10 Serie A|2009–10]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asroma.it/pdf/2010_-10-13_relazione_finanziaria_annuale_al_30_giugno_2010.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.asroma.it/pdf/2010_-10-13_relazione_finanziaria_annuale_al_30_giugno_2010.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Relazione finanziaria annuale al 30 giugno 2010|date=13 October 2010|access-date=24 September 2011|work=AS Roma|language=it}}</ref> Moreover, despite a positive equity as a separate company (€105,142,589), the AS Roma Group had a negative equity on the [[Consolidated financial statement|consolidated balance sheet]], and fell from +€8.8&nbsp;million to −€13.2&nbsp;million. In the 2010–11 season, Roma was administered by UniCredit as the Sensi family failed to repay the bank and the club was put on the market,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/c089b228-8786-11df-9f37-00144feabdc0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/c089b228-8786-11df-9f37-00144feabdc0 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title= Roma football club on brink of UniCredit takeover |date=5 July 2010|access-date=8 April 2018|work=Financial Times}}</ref> and were expected to have a quiet transfer window.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/soccer-italy-roma/update-1-soccer-as-roma-set-for-sale-in-proposed-bank-deal-idUSLDE66726F20100708|title=AS Roma set for sale in proposed bank deal|date=9 July 2010|access-date=8 April 2018|work=Reuters|archive-date=9 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409043910/https://www.reuters.com/article/soccer-italy-roma/update-1-soccer-as-roma-set-for-sale-in-proposed-bank-deal-idUSLDE66726F20100708|url-status=live}}</ref> Concurrently with no selling profit on the players, Roma's net loss rose to €30,589,137 (€30.778&nbsp;million as a group) and the new owner already planned a re-capitalization after the mandatory bid on the shares. On the positive side, TV income was increased from €75,150,744 to €78,041,642, and gate income increased from €23,821,218 to €31,017,179. This was because Roma entered [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2010–11 Champions League]], which counter-weighed the effect of the new collective agreement of Serie A. In 2011–12, the renewal of squad and participation in [[2011–12 UEFA Europa League]] had worsened the financial result, which the €50&nbsp;million capital increase (in advance) was counter-weighted totally by the net loss. In the 2012–13 season, the participation in domestic league only, was not only not harmful to the revenue but increase in gate income as well as decrease in wage bill, however Roma still did not yet break even (€40.130&nbsp;million net loss in consolidated accounts). NEEP Roma also re-capitalized AS Roma in advance for another €26,550,000 during 2012–13. A proposed capital increase by €100&nbsp;million for Roma was announced on 25 June 2014; however, until 22 May 2014, NEEP already injected €108&nbsp;million into the club, which depends on public subscription; more than €8&nbsp;million would convert to medium-long-term loan from shareholder instead of becoming share capital.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asroma.it/pdf/corporate/comunicati_finanziari/2014-06-28-Prospetto-informativo.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715192735/http://www.asroma.it/pdf/corporate/comunicati_finanziari/2014-06-28-Prospetto-informativo.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 July 2014|title=Prospetto informativo|date=28 June 2014}}</ref> Another capital increase was carried in 2018.

A joint venture of Roma, which was owned by Roma (37.5%), S.S. Lazio (37.5%) and Parma F.C.(25%), Società Diritti Sportivi S.r.l., was in the process of liquidation since 2005. The company was a joint-venture of four football clubs, including Fiorentina. After the bankruptcy of Fiorentina however, both Roma and Lazio had increased their shares ratio from 25% to 37.5%. Another subsidiary, "Soccer S.A.S. di Brand Management S.r.l.", was a [[special-purpose entity]] (SPV) that Roma sold their brand to the subsidiary in 2007. In February 2015, another SPV, "ASR Media and Sponsorship S.r.l",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/3093848/research-update-asr-media-and-sponsorship-eur175 |title=Research Update Media Sponsorship |access-date=22 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128142532/http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/3093848/research-update-asr-media-and-sponsorship-eur175 |archive-date=28 January 2016  }}</ref> was set up to secure a five-year bank loan of €175&nbsp;million from [[Goldman Sachs]], for three-month [[Euribor]] (min. 0.75%) + 6.25% spread (i.e. min. 7% interests rate p.a.).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://res.cloudinary.com/as-roma-turbine-sandbox/image/upload/v1448029235/asroma-uat/jqmg68jnjusnwbtdxezw.pdf|title=Perfezionata l'operazione di rifinanziamento mediante la sottoscrizione di un contratto di finanziamento per un ammontare pari ad Euro 175 milioni con Goldman Sachs, in qualità di "Mandated Lead Arranger and Bookrunner"|date=12 February 2015|access-date=22 January 2016|publisher=A.S. Roma|language=it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129074803/http://res.cloudinary.com/as-roma-turbine-sandbox/image/upload/v1448029235/asroma-uat/jqmg68jnjusnwbtdxezw.pdf|archive-date=29 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.italy24.ilsole24ore.com/art/panorama/2015-06-25/goldman-sachs-sets-sights-on-italian-soccer-113156.php?uuid=ACsMYdG|title=Goldman Sachs sets sights on Italian soccer|date=26 June 2015|access-date=22 January 2016|newspaper=il sole 24 ore|archive-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011034432/http://www.italy24.ilsole24ore.com/art/panorama/2015-06-25/goldman-sachs-sets-sights-on-italian-soccer-113156.php?uuid=ACsMYdG|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2015, Inter and Roma were the only two Italian clubs that were sanctioned by [[UEFA]] for breaking [[UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations]], which they signed settlement agreements with UEFA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.org/protecting-the-game/club-licensing-and-financial-fair-play/news/newsid=2244685.html|title=Settlement agreements: details|date=8 May 2015|access-date=16 January 2016|publisher=UEFA|archive-date=3 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203023442/http://www.uefa.org/protecting-the-game/club-licensing-and-financial-fair-play/news/newsid=2244685.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was followed by [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Reuters |date=June 28, 2019 |title=Milan banned from 2019-20 Europa League for FFP breach-CAS |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN1TT1F3/ |work=Reuters}}</ref>

Roma had compliance with the requirements and overall objective of the settlement agreement in 2018, which the club exited from settlement regime.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/0246-0f8e613d67e1-b50cdc46c1bc-1000--uefa-club-financial-control-body-update-on-monitoring-for-20/|title=UEFA Club Financial Control Body update on monitoring for 2017/18|date=13 June 2018|access-date=17 October 2018|publisher=UEFA|archive-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018004450/https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/protecting-the-game/club-licensing-and-financial-fair-play/news/newsid=2563057.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.asroma.com/en/news/2018/6/roma-comply-with-uefa-agreement|title=Roma released from FFP agreement by UEFA|date=13 June 2018|access-date=17 October 2018|publisher=A.S. Roma|archive-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018003112/https://www.asroma.com/en/news/2018/6/roma-comply-with-uefa-agreement|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Superleague Formula===
{{Main|AS Roma (Superleague Formula team)}}
AS Roma had a team in the [[Superleague Formula]] race car series where teams were sponsored by football clubs. Roma's driver was ex-[[IndyCar Series]] driver [[Franck Perera]]. The team had posted three podiums and was operated by [[Alan Docking Racing]].{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}