Editing Ukraine (section)

== Culture ==
{{Main|Ukrainian culture}}
[[File:Pysanky2011.JPG|thumb|A collection of traditional Ukrainian Easter eggs—[[Egg decorating in Slavic culture|pysanky]]. The design motifs on pysanky date back to early Slavic cultures]]
[[File:Christmas Vertep in Lviv. Photo 256.jpg|thumb|Orthodox Christmas celebration in [[Lviv]]]]
Ukrainian customs are heavily influenced by [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]], the dominant religion in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derzhkomrelig.gov.ua/info_zvit_2003.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041204115821/http://www.derzhkomrelig.gov.ua/info_zvit_2003.html |archive-date=4 December 2004 |title=State Department of Ukraine on Religious |access-date=27 January 2008 |website=2003 Statistical report |url-status=dead}}</ref> Gender roles also tend to be more traditional, and grandparents play a greater role in bringing up children, than in the West.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Price of Freedom |last=Lysenko |first=Tatiana |publisher=Lulu Publishing Services |year=2014 |isbn=978-1483405759 |page=4}}</ref> The culture of Ukraine has also been influenced by its eastern and western neighbours, reflected in its [[Ukrainian architecture|architecture]], music and art.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukraine.com/culture/ |title=Culture in Ukraine {{!}} By Ukraine Channel |website=ukraine.com |access-date=24 March 2018}}</ref>

The Communist era had quite a strong effect on the art and writing of Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-30078/Ukraine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418030322/https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-30078/Ukraine |archive-date=18 April 2008 |title=Interwar Soviet Ukraine |access-date=12 September 2007 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=In all, some four-fifths of the Ukrainian cultural elite was repressed or perished in the course of the 1930s}}</ref> In 1932, Stalin made [[socialist realism]] state policy in the Soviet Union when he promulgated the decree "On the Reconstruction of Literary and Art Organisations". This greatly stifled creativity. During the 1980s [[glasnost]] (openness) was introduced and Soviet artists and writers again became free to express themselves as they wanted.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9037405 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218133116/https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9037405 |archive-date=18 December 2007 |title=Gorbachev, Mikhail |access-date=30 July 2008 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica (fee required) |quote=Under his new policy of glasnost ("openness"), a major cultural thaw took place: freedoms of expression and of information were significantly expanded; the press and broadcasting were allowed unprecedented candour in their reportage and criticism; and the country's legacy of Stalinist totalitarian rule was eventually completely repudiated by the government |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{As of|2023}}, UNESCO inscribed 8 properties in Ukraine on the [[World Heritage List]]. Ukraine is also known for its decorative and folk traditions such as [[Petrykivka painting]], [[Kosiv painted ceramics|Kosiv ceramics]], and [[Cossack songs]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNESCO – Petrykivka decorative painting as a phenomenon of the Ukrainian ornamental folk art |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/petrykivka-decorative-painting-as-a-phenomenon-of-the-ukrainian-ornamental-folk-art-00893 |access-date=4 March 2022 |website=ich.unesco.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UNESCO – Tradition of Kosiv painted ceramics |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/tradition-of-kosiv-painted-ceramics-01456 |access-date=4 March 2022 |website=ich.unesco.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UNESCO – Cossack's songs of Dnipropetrovsk Region |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/USL/cossacks-songs-of-dnipropetrovsk-region-01194 |access-date=4 March 2022 |website=ich.unesco.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Ukraine – UNESCO World Heritage Convention |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ua |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> Between February 2022 and March 2023, UNESCO verified the damage to 247 sites, including 107 [[religious site]]s, 89 buildings of artistic or historical interest, 19 monuments and 12 libraries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Damaged cultural sites in Ukraine verified by UNESCO |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/damaged-cultural-sites-ukraine-verified-unesco |access-date=6 April 2023 |website=UNESCO}}</ref> Since January 2023, the [[Historic Centre of Odesa|historic centre]] of [[Odesa]] has been inscribed on the [[List of World Heritage in Danger]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-02 |title=Unesco adds Ukrainian city of Odesa to World Heritage List of endangered sites |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/02/02/ukrainian-city-of-odesa-added-to-unescos-world-heritage-list |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=The Art Newspaper – International art news and events}}</ref>

The tradition of the [[Easter egg]]s, known as [[Egg decorating in Slavic culture|pysanky]], has long roots in Ukraine. These eggs were drawn on with wax to create a pattern; then, the dye was applied to give the eggs their pleasant colours, the dye did not affect the previously wax-coated parts of the egg. After the entire egg was dyed, the wax was removed leaving only the colourful pattern. This tradition is thousands of years old, and precedes the arrival of Christianity to Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cs.unc.edu/~yakowenk/pysanky/index.html |title=Pysanky – Ukrainian Easter Eggs |access-date=28 July 2008 |publisher=[[University of North Carolina]] |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125004425/http://www.cs.unc.edu/~yakowenk/pysanky/index.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the city of [[Kolomyia]] near the foothills of the [[Carpathian Mountains]], the [[Pysanka Museum|museum of Pysanka]] was built in 2000 and won a nomination as the monument of modern Ukraine in 2007, part of the [[Seven Wonders of Ukraine]] action.

Since 2012, the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine has formed the [[Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ukraine#National Inventory of Elements of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ukraine|National Inventory of Elements of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ukraine]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Про затвердження Порядку ведення Національного переліку елементів нематеріальної культурної спадщини України |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/z0020-18 |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України |language=uk}}</ref> which consists of 103 items as of July 2024.<ref name="mcip.gov.ua"/>

===Libraries===

The [[Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine]], is the main academic library and main scientific information centre in Ukraine.

During the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] the Russians bombed the Maksymovych Scientific Library of the Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, the National Scientific Medical Library of Ukraine and the Kyiv city youth library.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marche |first=Stephen |date=4 December 2022 |title='Our mission is crucial': meet the warrior librarians of Ukraine |language=en-GB |work=[[The Observer]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/dec/04/our-mission-is-crucial-meet-the-warrior-librarians-of-ukraine |access-date=11 March 2023 |issn=0029-7712}}</ref>

=== Literature ===
{{Main|Ukrainian literature}}

Ukrainian literature has origins in [[Old Church Slavonic]] writings, which was used as a [[Liturgy|liturgical]] and [[literary language]] following [[Christianization of Kievan Rus'|Christianisation]] in the 10th and 11th centuries.<ref name=ualit>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/612921/Ukraine/30128/Daily-life-and-social-customs#toc275898 |title=Ukraine – Cultural Life – The Arts – Literature |access-date=8 January 2014 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref><ref name=ualitmsn>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761573617_4/Ukraine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406035927/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761573617_4/Ukraine.html |archive-date=6 April 2008 |title=Ukraine – Literature |access-date=3 July 2008 |encyclopedia=[[MSN Encarta]] |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=December 2022}}{{Efn|Such writings were also the base for Russian and Belarusian literature.}} Other writings from the time include [[chronicle]]s, the most significant of which was the ''[[Primary Chronicle]]''.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} Literary activity faced a sudden decline after the [[Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus']], before seeing a revival beginning in the 14th&nbsp;century, and was advanced in the 16th&nbsp;century with the invention of the [[printing press]].<ref name=ualit/>

{{multiple image
|total_width=300
|width1=1517|height1=2006|image1=Т. Г. Шевченко. Квітень 1859.jpg|caption1=[[Taras Shevchenko]]
|width2=560|height2=798|image2=Lesya Ukrainka portrait.jpg|caption2=[[Lesya Ukrainka]], one of the foremost Ukrainian women writers
}}

The [[Cossacks]] established an independent society and popularised a [[Duma (epic)|new kind]] of [[epic poetry|epic poem]], which marked a high point of Ukrainian [[oral literature]].<ref name=ualitmsn/>{{failed verification|date=December 2022}} These advances were then set back in the 17th and early 18th&nbsp;centuries, as many Ukrainian authors wrote in Russian or Polish. Nonetheless, by the late 18th&nbsp;century, the modern literary Ukrainian language finally emerged.<ref name=ualit/> In 1798, the modern era of the Ukrainian literary tradition began with [[Ivan Kotliarevsky]]'s publication of [[Eneida]] in the Ukrainian vernacular.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2023 |title=Ukrainian literature |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Ukrainian-literature |access-date=11 March 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] Online |language=en}}</ref>

By the 1830s, a Ukrainian [[romanticism|romantic literature]] began to develop, and the nation's most renowned cultural figure, romanticist poet-painter [[Taras Shevchenko]] emerged. Whereas Ivan Kotliarevsky is considered to be the father of literature in the Ukrainian vernacular; Shevchenko is the father of a national revival.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages\L\I\Literature.htm |title=Literature |author=Danylo Husar Sruk |access-date=17 January 2008 |website=Encyclopedia of Ukraine}}</ref>

Then, in 1863, the use of the Ukrainian language in print was effectively [[Ems Ukaz|prohibited]] by the Russian Empire.<ref name=censor/> This severely curtailed literary activity in the area, and Ukrainian writers were forced to either publish their works in Russian or release them in Austrian controlled [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]]. The ban was never officially lifted, but it became obsolete after the revolution and the Bolsheviks' coming to power.<ref name=ualitmsn/>

Ukrainian literature continued to flourish in the early Soviet years when nearly all literary trends were approved. These policies faced a steep decline in the 1930s, when prominent representatives as well as many others were killed by the [[NKVD]] during the [[Great Purge]]. In general around 223 writers were repressed by what was known as the [[Executed Renaissance]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Yuriy Lavrinenko |url=http://fmm51.org.ua/html_books/lavrinenko_rozstriliane_vidrodzhennia.htm |script-title=uk:Розстріляне відродження: Антологія 1917–1933 |trans-title=The Executed Renaissance: Anthology 1917–1933 |language=uk |location=Kyiv |publisher=Smoloskyl |date=2004 |archive-date=13 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213085603/http://fmm51.org.ua/html_books/lavrinenko_rozstriliane_vidrodzhennia.htm}}</ref> These repressions were part of Stalin's implemented policy of [[socialist realism]]. The doctrine did not necessarily repress the use of the Ukrainian language, but it required that writers follow a certain style in their works.

Literary freedom grew in the late 1980s and early 1990s alongside the decline and collapse of the USSR and the reestablishment of Ukrainian independence in 1991.<ref name=ualit/>

=== Architecture ===
{{Main|Ukrainian architecture}}
[[File:80-391-9007 Kyiv St.Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery RB 18.jpg|thumb|[[St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery|St Michael's Golden-domed Cathedral]] in [[Kyiv]], the foremost example of [[Cossack Baroque]] and one of Ukraine's most recognizable landmarks]]

Ukrainian architecture includes the motifs and styles that are found in structures built in modern Ukraine, and by [[Ukrainians]] worldwide. These include initial roots which were established in the state of [[Kievan Rus']]. Following the [[Christianization of Kievan Rus'|Christianisation of Kievan Rus']], Ukrainian architecture has been influenced by [[Byzantine architecture]]. After the [[Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus']], it continued to develop in the [[Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia]].<ref name="KatchanovskiKohutNebesio2013">{{cite book |author1=[[Ivan Katchanovski]] |author2=Zenon E. Kohut |author3=Bohdan Y. Nebesio |author4=Myroslav Yurkevich |date=11 July 2013 |title=Historical Dictionary of Ukraine |edition=2 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |pages=29– |isbn=978-0-8108-7847-1 |oclc=851157266 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-h6r57lDC4QC&pg=PA29}}</ref>

After the union with the [[Tsardom of Russia]], architecture in Ukraine began to develop in different directions, with many structures in the larger eastern, Russian-ruled area built in the styles of [[Russian architecture]] of that period, whilst the western region of [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]] developed under [[Architecture of Poland|Polish]] and [[Architecture of Austria|Austro-Hungarian architectural influences]]. Ukrainian national motifs would eventually be used during the period of the [[Soviet Union]] and in modern independent Ukraine.<ref name="KatchanovskiKohutNebesio2013"/> However, much of the contemporary architectural skyline of Ukraine is dominated by Soviet-style [[Khrushchyovka]]s, or low-cost apartment buildings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukraine-observer.com/articles/228/993 |title=The Khrushchovkas |first=Serhiy |last=Kharchenko |website=The Ukrainian Observer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206132350/http://www.ukraine-observer.com/articles/228/993 |archive-date=6 February 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Weaving and embroidery ===
[[File:Rushnyk Ukraine embroidered decorative towels.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Rushnyk]], [[Ukrainian embroidery]]]]

Artisan [[textile arts]] play an important role in Ukrainian culture,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ua-travelling.com/en/article/ukrainian-clothes |title=Ukrainian folk dress. Traditional clothes of Ukraine |publisher=Ua-travelling.com |access-date=8 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725153343/http://ua-travelling.com/en/article/ukrainian-clothes |archive-date=25 July 2013}}</ref> especially in [[Ukrainian wedding traditions]]. [[Ukrainian embroidery]], [[weaving]] and lace-making are used in traditional [[folk dress]] and in traditional celebrations. Ukrainian embroidery varies depending on the region of origin<ref>''"Podvyzhnytsi narodnoho mystetstva", Kyiv 2003 and 2005, by Yevheniya Shudra, Welcome to Ukraine Magazine''</ref> and the designs have a long history of motifs, compositions, choice of colours and types of stitches.<ref name=museum>{{cite web |title=Traditional Ukrainian Embroidery |url=http://www.umacleveland.org/traditional-ukrainian-embroidery/ |publisher=Ukrainian Museum-Archives |access-date=8 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108231405/http://www.umacleveland.org/traditional-ukrainian-embroidery/ |archive-date=8 January 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Use of colour is very important and has roots in [[Ukrainian folklore]]. Embroidery motifs found in different parts of Ukraine are preserved in the [[Rushnyk]] Museum in [[Pereiaslav]].

National dress is woven and highly decorated. Weaving with handmade looms is still practised in the village of Krupove, situated in [[Rivne Oblast]]. The village is the birthplace of two internationally recognised personalities in the scene of national crafts fabrication: Nina Myhailivna<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rv.gov.ua/sitenew/main/ua/1160.htm |script-title=uk:Рівненська обласна державна адміністрація – Обласний центр народної творчості |trans-title=Rivne Regional State Administration – The Regional Centre for Folk Art |language=uk |publisher=Rv.gov.ua |access-date=30 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126042547/http://www.rv.gov.ua/sitenew/main/ua/1160.htm |archive-date=26 January 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and Uliana Petrivna.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://storinka-m.kiev.ua/article.php?id=478 |title=ПІСНІ ТА ВИШИВКИ УЛЯНИ КОТ – Мистецька сторінка |publisher=Storinka-m.kiev.ua |access-date=30 December 2010}}</ref>

=== Music ===
{{Main|Music of Ukraine}}
[[File:Fedir Stovbynenko - Kozak-bandyryst (1890).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Cossack Mamay]] playing a [[kobza]]]]
[[File:Лисенко Микола (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Mykola Lysenko]] is widely considered to be the father of Ukrainian classical music<ref name="Risch 2011 p. 44">{{cite book |last=Risch |first=W.J. |title=The Ukrainian West: Culture and the Fate of Empire in Soviet Lviv |publisher=Harvard University Press |series=Harvard historical studies |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-674-06126-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zo9t6NS-YCwC&pg=PA44 |access-date=9 March 2022 |page=44}}</ref>]]

Music is a major part of Ukrainian culture, with a long history and many influences. From traditional [[folk music]], to [[classical music|classical]] and [[modern rock]], Ukraine has produced several internationally recognised musicians including [[Kirill Karabits]], [[Okean Elzy]] and [[Ruslana]]. Elements from traditional Ukrainian folk music made their way into Western music and even into modern [[jazz]]. Ukrainian music sometimes presents a perplexing mix of exotic melismatic singing with chordal harmony. The most striking general characteristic of authentic ethnic Ukrainian folk music is the wide use of minor modes or keys which incorporate augmented second intervals.<ref name="Sonevytsky 2019 p.">{{cite book |last=Sonevytsky |first=M. |title=Wild Music: Sound and Sovereignty in Ukraine |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |series=Music / Culture |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-8195-7915-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=um6rDwAAQBAJ |access-date=9 March 2022 |page=intro}}</ref>

During the Baroque period, music had a place of considerable importance in the curriculum of the [[Kyiv-Mohyla Academy]]. Much of the nobility was well versed in music with many Ukrainian Cossack leaders such as ([[Ivan Mazepa|Mazepa]], [[Semen Paliy|Paliy]], [[Antin Holovaty|Holovatyj]], [[Ivan Sirko|Sirko]]) being accomplished players of the [[kobza]], [[bandura]] or [[torban]].

The first dedicated musical academy was set up in [[Hlukhiv]] in 1738 and students were taught to sing and play violin and bandura from manuscripts. As a result, many of the earliest composers and performers within the Russian empire were ethnically Ukrainian, having been born or educated in Hlukhiv or having been closely associated with this music school.<ref name="Struk 1993 p. 1461">{{cite book |last=Struk |first=D.H. |title=Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Volume III: L-Pf |publisher=University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division |series=Heritage |year=1993 |isbn=978-1-4426-5125-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IkZEDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT1461 |access-date=9 March 2022 |page=1461}}</ref> Ukrainian classical music differs considerably depending on whether the composer was of Ukrainian ethnicity living in Ukraine, a composer of non-Ukrainian ethnicity who was a citizen of Ukraine, or part of the [[Ukrainian diaspora]].<ref name="Ukrainian people 2017">{{cite web |title=Traditional Ukrainian songs and music |website=Ukrainian people |date=16 May 2017 |url=https://ukrainianpeople.us/traditional-ukrainian-songs-and-music/ |language=uk |access-date=9 March 2022}}</ref>

Since the mid-1960s, Western-influenced pop music has been growing in popularity in Ukraine. Folk singer and harmonium player [[Mariana Sadovska]] is prominent. Ukrainian pop and folk music arose with the international popularity of groups and performers like [[Vopli Vidoplyasova]], [[Dakh Daughters]], [[Dakha Brakha]], [[Ivan Dorn]] and [[Okean Elzy]].

=== Media ===
{{Main|Media of Ukraine}}
The Ukrainian legal framework on media freedom is deemed "among the most progressive in eastern Europe", although implementation has been uneven.<ref name="FH">[[Freedom House]], [https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2015/ukraine Ukraine 2015 Freedom of the Press] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116115122/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2015/ukraine |date=16 November 2018 }} report</ref>{{update inline|date=December 2022}} The constitution and laws provide for [[freedom of speech]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/ukraine/freedom-world/2021 |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}</ref> and [[Freedom of the press in Ukraine|press]]. The main regulatory authority for the broadcast media is the [[National Television and Radio Broadcasting Council of Ukraine]] (NTRBCU), tasked with licencing media outlets and ensure their compliance with the law.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nrada.gov.ua/en/about/ |title=National Council |website=Національна рада України з питань телебачення і радіомовлення |access-date=9 March 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309090341/https://www.nrada.gov.ua/en/about/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Kyiv]] dominates the media sector in Ukraine: National [[List of newspapers in Ukraine|newspapers]] ''[[Den (newspaper)|Den]]'', ''[[Dzerkalo Tyzhnia]]'', tabloids, such as ''[[The Ukrainian Week]]'' or ''[[Focus (Ukrainian magazine)|Focus]]'', and television and radio are largely based there,{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} although [[Lviv]] is also a significant national media centre. The National News Agency of Ukraine, [[Ukrinform]] was founded here in 1918. [[BBC Ukrainian]] started its broadcasts in 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBCUkrainian.com {{!}} Про нас {{!}} Бі-Бі-Сі – зрозуміти світ. |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/aboutus/story/2003/08/030818_london_office |access-date=18 March 2022 |website=bbc.com}}</ref> {{As of|2022}} 75% of the population use the internet, and social media is widely used by government and people.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 March 2022 |title=The invasion of Ukraine is not the first social media war, but it is the most viral |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2022/03/26/the-invasion-of-ukraine-is-not-the-first-social-media-war-but-it-is-the-most-viral |access-date=27 March 2022 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref>

On 10 March 2024, creators of a documentary film ''[[20 Days in Mariupol]]'' were awarded with the [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] in the category "Best Documentary Feature Film", the first Oscar in Ukraine's history.<ref>{{cite web |title='20 Days in Mariupol' wins best documentary Oscar, a first for AP and PBS' 'Frontline' |url=https://apnews.com/article/best-documentary-2024-oscars-61eadff6af5bb91d53737776c1a60ff8 |website=[[AP News]] |date=11 March 2024}}</ref>

=== Sport ===
{{Main|Sport in Ukraine}}
Ukraine greatly benefited from the Soviet emphasis on [[physical education]]. These policies left Ukraine with hundreds of stadia, swimming pools, gymnasia and many other athletic facilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-30127/Ukraine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115053121/https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-30127/Ukraine |archive-date=15 January 2008 |title=Ukraine – Sports and recreation |access-date=12 January 2008 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica (fee required) |url-status=dead}}</ref> The most popular sport is [[Association football|football]]. The top professional league is the [[Ukrainian Premier League|Vyscha Liha]] ("premier league").

Many Ukrainians also played for the [[Soviet national football team]], most notably [[Ballon d'Or]] winners [[Ihor Belanov]] and [[Oleh Blokhin]]. This award was only presented to one Ukrainian after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, [[Andriy Shevchenko]]. The national team made its debut in the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]], and reached the quarterfinals before losing to eventual champions, [[Italy national football team|Italy]].

Ukrainian [[boxing|boxers]] are amongst the best in the world.<ref>{{cite news |title=Boxing Lessons learned from Dion's Ukraine Visit |url=https://www.vivafitness.com.au/boxing-lessons-learned-dions-ukraine-visit/ |work=Viva Fitness |date=14 September 2013}}</ref> Since becoming the undisputed cruiserweight champion in 2018, [[Oleksandr Usyk]] has also gone on to win the unified WBA (Super), IBF, WBO and IBO heavyweight titles. This feat made him one of only three boxers to have unified the cruiserweight world titles and become a world heavyweight champion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Douglas |first=Steve |date=25 September 2021 |title=Usyk ends Joshua's reign as heavyweight champ |url=https://apnews.com/article/sports-boxing-anthony-joshua-wladimir-klitschko-evander-holyfield-3b9a7b202d5de124e4c2fee4298df8d4 |url-status=live |access-date=25 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022091409/https://apnews.com/article/sports-boxing-anthony-joshua-wladimir-klitschko-evander-holyfield-3b9a7b202d5de124e4c2fee4298df8d4 |archive-date=22 October 2021 |publisher=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> The brothers [[Vitali Klitschko|Vitali]] and [[Wladimir Klitschko]] are former [[heavyweight]] world champions who held multiple world titles throughout their careers. Also hailing from Ukraine is [[Vasyl Lomachenko]], a [[2008 Summer Olympics|2008]] and [[2012 Olympic games|2012 Olympic]] gold medalist. He is the [[Unified champion|unified]] [[lightweight]] world champion who ties the record for winning a world title in the fewest professional fights; three. As of September 2018, he is ranked as the world's best active boxer, [[pound for pound]], by [[boxing pound for pound rankings#ESPN|ESPN]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.espn.com/boxing/story/_/id/23519498/espn-boxing-pound-pound-rankings-vasiliy-lomachenko-no-1 |title=Pound-for-pound rankings: Vasiliy Lomachenko still No. 1 |work=ESPN.com |access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>

[[Sergey Bubka]] held the record in the [[Pole vault]] from 1993 to 2014; with great strength, speed and gymnastic abilities, he was voted the world's best athlete on several occasions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/mr-sergey-bubka |access-date=27 May 2010 |title=Mr. Sergey BUBKA |author=International Olympic Committee |website=Official website of the Olympic Movement |quote=...&nbsp;voted world's best athlete on several occasions.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/archive/aoy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511100602/http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/archive/aoy.html |archive-date=11 May 2011 |title=Track and Field Athlete of the Year |publisher=Trackandfieldnews.com |access-date=30 January 2011}}</ref>

[[Basketball]] has gained popularity in Ukraine. In 2011, Ukraine was granted a right to organise [[EuroBasket 2015]]. Two years later the [[Ukraine national basketball team]] finished sixth in [[EuroBasket 2013]] and qualified to [[2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup|FIBA World Cup]] for the first time in its history. [[Euroleague]] participant [[BC Budivelnyk|Budivelnyk Kyiv]] is the strongest professional basketball club in Ukraine.

[[Chess]] is a popular sport in Ukraine. [[Ruslan Ponomariov]] is the former world champion. There are about 85 [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmasters]] and 198 [[International Masters]] in Ukraine. [[Rugby league]] is played throughout Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rlef.eu.com/news/article/1480/legion-xiii-dominate-ukrainian-season |title=Legion XIII dominate Ukrainian season |publisher=RLEF |date=23 November 2017 |access-date=23 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201182718/http://www.rlef.eu.com/news/article/1480/legion-xiii-dominate-ukrainian-season |archive-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><!-- Adding other sports – consider adding any expansion to the "main" page [[Sport in Ukraine]] -->

=== Cuisine ===
{{Main|Ukrainian cuisine}}
[[File:Borscht served.jpg|thumb|[[Borscht]] with [[Smetana (dairy product)|smetana]] ([[sour cream]])]]
Ukrainian cuisine has been formed by the nation's tumultuous history, geography, culture and social customs. [[Chicken]] is the most consumed type of [[protein]], accounting for about half of the meat intake. It is followed by [[pork]] and [[beef]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yarmak |first1=Andriy |last2=Svyatkivska |first2=Elizaveta |last3=Prikhodko |first3=Dmitry |title=Ukraine: Meat sector review |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO) |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/7eaedc0c-e890-48c5-b4b3-32e0ae40c6be/content |access-date=9 June 2024}}</ref>{{rp|12}} Vegetables such as [[potato]]es, [[cabbage]]s, [[mushroom]]s and [[beetroot]]s are widely consumed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20110303-ukraines-culinary-delights |title=Ukraine's culinary heights |work=[[BBC News]] |last=Kaminski |first=Anna |date=10 March 2011 |access-date=9 June 2024}}</ref> [[Pickling|Pickled vegetables]] are considered a delicacy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/sep/06/quick-fermented-cucumbers-gherkins-olia-hercules-kitchen-in-ukraine |last=Hercules |first=Olia |title=A 'nuclear' pickle recipe from Ukraine |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=6 September 2016 |access-date=9 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/nizhyn-pickles-/7495186.html |title=Nizhyn Pickles |work=[[Voice of America]] (VOA) |date=28 February 2024 |access-date=9 June 2024 |last=Shylova |first=Liudmyla}}</ref> [[Salo (food)|Salo]], which is [[Curing (food preservation)|cured]] pork fat, is considered the national delicacy.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kollegaeva |first=Katrina |title=Salo, the Ukrainian Pork Fat |journal=[[Gastronomica]] |volume=17 |number=4 |year=2017 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |pages=102–110 |doi=10.1525/gfc.2017.17.4.102 |jstor=26362486}}</ref> Widely used [[herb]]s include [[dill]], [[parsley]], [[basil]], [[coriander]] and [[chives]].<ref name="hercules"/>

Ukraine is often called the "[[Breadbasket#Europe|Breadbasket of Europe]]", and its plentiful [[grain]] and [[cereal]] resources such as [[rye]] and [[wheat]] play an important part in its cuisine; essential in making various kinds of bread.<ref name="bbccuisine">{{cite web |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20230224-five-comfort-foods-to-celebrate-ukraine |title=Five comfort foods that define Ukraine |last=Banas |first=Anne |date=24 February 2023 |access-date=9 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Wroe |first=Ann |date=14 April 2022 |access-date=9 June 2024 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.economist.com/1843/2022/04/14/bread-in-ukraine-why-a-loaf-means-life |title=Bread in Ukraine: why a loaf means life}}</ref> [[Chernozem]], the country's black-colored highly fertile soil, produces some of the world's most flavorful crops.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/culture/2022/03/05/ukraine-has-a-glorious-cuisine-that-is-all-its-own |title=Ukraine has a glorious cuisine that is all its own |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |url-access=subscription |date=5 March 2022 |access-date=9 June 2024}}</ref> 

Popular traditional dishes ''{{lang|uk-Latn|[[varenyky]]}}'' ([[dumpling#European#Central and Eastern Europe|dumpling]]), ''[[nalysnyky]]'' ([[crêpe]]), ''[[Cabbage soup|kapusnyak]]'' (cabbage [[soup]]), ''nudli'' (dumpling [[stew]]), [[borscht]] ([[List of sour soups|sour soup]]) and {{lang|uk-Latn|[[Gołąbki|holubtsi]]}} ([[cabbage roll]]).<ref name="bbccuisine"/> Among traditional baked goods are decorated [[korovai]] and [[Paska (bread)|paska]] ([[easter bread]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/apr/13/kulich-paska-ukrainian-easter-bread-recipe-olia-hercules-easter-bakes |last=Hercules |first=Olia |title=Alternatives to Good Friday bakes: a recipe for Ukrainian Easter bread |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 April 2017 |access-date=9 June 2024}}</ref> Ukrainian specialties also include [[Chicken Kiev]]<ref name="hercules"/> and [[Kyiv cake]]. Popular drinks include ''uzvar'' ([[kompot]]),<ref name="hercules">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/jun/04/hazelnut-cake-recipe-olia-hercules-cook-residency |last=Hercules |first=Olia |title=Fermented herbs, a lavish hazelnut cake recipe and a Ukrainian spin on meatball soup |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=4 June 2015 |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="hill"/> ''[[Ryazhenka|ryazhanka]]'',<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aidarbekova |first1=Sabina |last2=Aider |first2=Mohammad |journal=Food Bioscience |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |date=April 2022 |volume=46 |number=101526 |doi=10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101526 |title=Production of Ryazhenka, a traditional Ukrainian fermented baked milk, by using electro-activated whey as supplementing ingredient and source of lactulose |issn=2212-4292}}</ref> and ''{{lang|uk-Latn|[[horilka]]}}''.<ref name="hercules"/><ref name="hill">{{cite web |url=https://thehill.com/opinion/international/4373623-christmas-in-ukraine/ |last=Drennan |first=Patrick |title=Christmas in Ukraine |date=22 December 2023 |access-date=11 June 2024 |newspaper=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref> [[Liquor]] (spirits) are the most consumed type of [[alcoholic beverage]].<ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |last1=Samokhvalov |first1=Andriy V. |last2=Pidkorytov |first2=Valerii S. |last3=Linskiy |first3=Igor V. |last4=Minko |first4=Oleksandr I. |last5=Minko |first5=Oleksii O. |last6=Rehm |first6=Jürgen |last7=Popova |first7=Svetlana |title=Alcohol use and addiction services in Ukraine |date=1 January 2009 |pages=5–7 |volume=6 |number=1 |pmid=31507969 |journal=International Psychiatry |doi=10.1192/S1749367600000205 |pmc=6734863}}</ref> Alcohol consumption has seen a stark decrease, though by per capita, it remains [[List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita|among the highest the world]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/22-03-2024-ukrainians-are-drinking-less-alcohol-and-support-stronger-regulations--new-survey-finds |title=Ukrainians are drinking less alcohol and support stronger regulations, new survey finds |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) |date=22 March 2024 |access-date=11 June 2024 |quote=Ukraine has seen a fall in alcohol consumption of almost 25% over the last decade.}}</ref><ref name="pmid"/>