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==== Iran ==== {{main|Nard (game){{!}}Nard}} [[File:Persian Backgammon board made in Khatam technique.jpg|thumb|Persian [[Nard (game)|Nard]] Board made in the [[Khatam]] marquetry technique.]] '''Nard''' is the name for the Persian tables game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Alimagham/2006/February/Backgammon/index.html,|title=Backgammon, or Takheth Nard}}</ref> H. J. R. Murray details many versions of tables games; his description of modern Persian ''Nard'' has the same layout and scheme of movement as backgammon. He suggests that it may date back, perhaps in an older form, to 300β500 AD in the Babylonian Talmud,<ref name="murray"/> although others believe the Talmud references the Greek race game ''Kubeia''. People in the [[Iranian plateau]] and [[Caucasus]] region, especially in [[Azerbaijan]], [[Iran]], [[Armenia]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Uzbekistan]] and [[Russia]], are very fond of playing [[Nard (game)|narde]]. All 15 of a player's counters are initially positioned on his own 24-point, but there is a major difference. One is forbidden to put his counter at a point occupied by one's opponent's counter, so there is no hitting or imprisonment in the long narde game. The main strategy is to secure playing "big pairs" by one's own counter and prevent as much as possible doing the same by the opponent. The game is known as "Fevga" in Greece, "Moultezim" in Turkey, Mahbusa in the Middle East and "Ifranjiah" or ''Frankish'' in Arabia. It can also be spelt as "Nard" or "Nardi". A version known as ''short narde'' is a simplified form of Ifranjiah. In Georgia, ifranjiah is played as elsewhere, but called "nardi". In Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia many experienced players also play '''long narde''', which some see as requiring deeper strategy. One of the most famous narde championships is the championship of Azerbaijan β Gizil Zar β Golden Dawn. The winner is awarded with gold dice. '''[[Gul bara]]''', sometimes referred to as "'''Rosespring Backgammon'''" or "'''Crazy Narde'''", is a tables game in which there is no hitting. {{anchor|Tavla}}
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