Editing Renault (section)

==Subsidiaries and alliances==
===Subsidiaries===
====Regional marques====
=====Dacia=====
{{Main|Automobile Dacia}}
In 1999, Renault acquired a 51% controlling stake from the Romanian-based manufacturer [[Automobile Dacia]], which was later increased to 99.43%.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.daciagroup.com/en/about-us/profile |title=Profile |date=19 May 2012 |publisher=Dacia |access-date=24 February 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140202094317/http://www.daciagroup.com/en/about-us/profile |archive-date=2 February 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> As part of the Renault group, Dacia is a regional marque of entry-levels cars focused on Europe and Northern Africa which shares various models with the Renault marque.<ref name="AUTONEWS">{{cite web |url= http://europe.autonews.com/article/20140110/ANE/131219865/0/SEARCH |title=Why Ghosn favors separate CEOs for Renault and Nissan |website=europe.autonews.com |last=Ciferri |first=Luca |date=10 January 2014 |access-date=24 February 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140224224139/http://europe.autonews.com/article/20140110/ANE/131219865/0/SEARCH |archive-date=24 February 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

====RCI Banque====
{{Main|RCI Banque}}
RCI Banque is a wholly owned subsidiary that provides financial services for Renault marques worldwide and Nissan marques in Europe, Russia and South America.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=5463435 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527094103/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=5463435 |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 May 2009 |title=Company Description: RCI Banque SA |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |access-date=1 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcibanque.com/english/documents/en/publications/reports/Consolidated_Financial_Statements_RCI_Banque_2011-12-31.pdf |title=2011 Annual Report |access-date=1 October 2012 |publisher=RCI Banque }} {{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

====Renault Retail Group====
Renault Retail Group is Renault's wholly owned automobile distributor for Europe.<ref name="A1">{{cite web |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=23144140 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203080208/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=23144140 |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 December 2013 |title=Company Overview of Renault Retail Group |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |access-date=9 November 2012}}</ref> In 1997, the French branches were merged to establish the subsidiary Renault France Automobiles (RFA). In 2001, it served as the basis for Renault Europe Automobiles (REA), which managed sales in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.renaultretailgroup.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=135&lang=fr |title=Historique |publisher=Renault Retail Group |access-date=9 November 2012 |archive-date=3 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903035045/http://www.renaultretailgroup.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=135&lang=fr |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2008, the company adopted its current name.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.largus.fr/actualite-automobile/jean-pierre-laurent-p-dg-de-renault-retail-group-129402.html |title=Jean-Pierre Laurent P-DG de Renault Retail Group | last = Genet | first = Jean-Pierre |newspaper=www.largus.fr |publisher=Largus.fr |date=6 July 2007 |language= fr |trans-title=Jean-Pierre Laurent, Renault Retail Group's CEO |access-date=9 November 2012}}</ref> Renault Retail Group operates in France, Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.<ref name="A1"/>

====Manufacturing subsidiaries====

=====French factories=====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*Batilly, subsidiary [[Société de Véhicules Automobiles de Batilly]] (SoVAB)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.easier.com/92135-100000th-master-renaults-sovab-plant.html |title=100,000th Master rolls off Renault's SoVAB plant production line |website=easier.com |date=12 July 2011 |access-date=20 February 2013}}</ref>
*ElectriCity
**Cléon
**[[Douai Renault Factory|Douai]]
** Maubeuge, subsidiary [[Maubeuge Construction Automobile]] (MCA).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.renault.com/en/groupe/developpement-durable/fiches-sites/pages/maubeuge.aspx |title=Maubeuge – MCA |publisher=Renault |access-date=20 February 2013}}</ref>
**Ruitz, subsidiary Société des Transmissions Automatiques (STA) owned by Renault<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.renault.com/en/groupe/developpement-durable/fiches-sites/pages/ruitz.aspx |title=Ruitz |publisher=Renault |access-date=20 February 2013}}</ref>
*Dieppe, [[Société des Automobiles Alpine]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://media.renault.com/global/en-gb/renaultgroup/Media/PressRelease.aspx?mediaid=58329&nodeid=106 |title=Renault has acquired Caterham Group's stake in Société des Automobiles Alpine Caterham |work=media.renault.com |publisher=Renault |date=10 June 2014 |access-date=10 June 2014 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
{{col-2}}
*[[Flins Renault Factory|Flins]]
*Auto Châssis International (ACI)
**Le Mans<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.renault.com/en/groupe/developpement-durable/fiches-sites/pages/le-mans.aspx |title=Le Mans – ACI |publisher=Renault |access-date=20 February 2013}}</ref>
**Villeurbanne
**Meyzieu
*[[Sandouville Renault Factory|Sandouville]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.renault.com/en/Lists/ArchivesDocuments/Renault%20-%20Atlas%20-%20en%20-%20september12.pdf |title=Renault Atlas September 2012 |publisher=Renault |access-date=20 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207160304/http://www.renault.com/en/Lists/ArchivesDocuments/Renault%20-%20Atlas%20-%20en%20-%20september12.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2012}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

=====Manufacturing subsidiaries outside France=====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

*Cacia (Portugal)
*[[Cormecánica S.A.]] (Chile)
*[[JMEV]] (China), a joint venture majority owned by Renault and with [[JMCG]] as the second largest shareholder<ref name=nbd2/>
*[[Oyak-Renault]] (Turkey), a joint venture between Renault and Oyak (Turkey's Armed Forces Pension Fund), established in 1969<ref>{{cite book |title=The Report: Turkey 2008 |year=2008 |publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-902339-86-3 |pages=138–139}}</ref>
*Renault Algérie (Algeria), a joint venture between SNVI (51%) and Renault (49%), established in 2012
*[[Renault Argentina]] (Argentina)
*Renault Brilliance Jinbei (China), a joint venture between Renault and [[Brilliance Auto]], established in 2017<ref name="Wards"/>
*[[Renault do Brasil]] (Brazil)
*[[Renault España]] (Spain)
*[[Renault India Private Limited|Renault India]] (India)
*[[Vilvoorde Renault Factory|Renault Industrie Belgique S.A./Renault Industrie België N.V.]] (Belgium)
*[[Renault Korea]] (South Korea), a Renault acquired car division of Samsung on 1 September 2000 in a $560 million deal for 70%,<ref>{{cite news|first1 = Terry | last1 = Macalister | first2 = Paul | last2 = Webster | url = https://www.theguardian.com/business/2000/apr/26/3?INTCMP=SRCH |title= Renault gets green light for Korean takeover |work=The Guardian|location=UK |access-date=10 April 2011 |date=26 April 2000}}</ref> eventually increasing its stake to 80.1%.<ref>[http://www.renault.com/en/Lists/ArchivesDocuments/Renault%20-%20Atlas%20-%20en%20-%20march10.pdf Renault company atlas March 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203232628/http://www.renault.com/en/Lists/ArchivesDocuments/Renault%20-%20Atlas%20-%20en%20-%20march10.pdf |date=3 December 2010}}.</ref> The majority of the company's (renamed as Renault Samsung Motors) production at its Busan plant is exported under the Renault badge.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.renault.com/en/groupe/marques-du-groupe/pages/renault-samsung-motors.aspx |title=Renault Samsung Motors |publisher=Renault |access-date=25 February 2014}}</ref> In April 2024, after being renamed Renault Korea Motors and then Renault Korea, the company  unified its marketing with the Renault marque and became an assembly subsidiary.<ref name=Rep>{{cite web |url=https://www.econovill.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=651032&nbsp;|title='르노' 빼고 다 바꾼다…르노코리아, 새로운 엠블럼에 공격적 신차 출시 나서 |trans-title=Changing everything except 'Renault'. Renault Korea to launch aggressive new car with new emblem |language=kr |work=Economic Review |last=Lee |first=So-young |date=3 April 2024 |access-date=4 April 2024}}</ref>
{{col-2}}
*[[Renault Med]] (Morocco), a subsidiary operating the Renault-Nissan Alliance factory in Tangier<ref>{{cite news |url= https://world.time.com/2012/02/09/renaults-morocco-factory-when-globalization-and-politics-collide/ |title=Renault's Morocco Factory: When Globalization and Politics Collide |last=Crumley |first=Bruce |magazine=Time |date=9 February 2012 |access-date=22 February 2013}}</ref>
*[[Automotive industry in Mexico|Renault México]] (Mexico, cars manufactured in Nissan's Aguascalientes plant since 2013)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carnews.com.mx/?p=4129 |title=Renault producirá un auto en Aguascalientes |language=es |trans-title=Renault will manufacture a car in Aguascalientes |website=Carnews.com.mx |access-date=20 February 2013}}</ref>
*[[Renault Pars]] (Iran), a joint venture established in 2004 and owned by Renault (51%) and Iran's Industrial Development Renovation Organisation (IDRO) (49%)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3720682.stm |title=Renault to produce cars in Iran |work=BBC News |date=6 October 2004 |access-date=22 February 2013}}</ref>
*[[Renault South Africa]] (South Africa, cars manufactured in the Nissan's Rosslyn plant)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.renault.com/en/groupe/renault-dans-le-monde/pages/renault-en-afrique-du-sud.aspx |title=Renault in South Africa |work=Renault |access-date=20 February 2013}}</ref>
*[[Revoz]] (Slovenia)
*[[Sofasa]] (Colombia)
*[[Somaca]] (Morocco)
{{col-end}}


===Alliances===
====Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi====
{{Main|Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance}}
For many years, Renault had a 43.4% stake in Nissan, thereby giving it effective control {{em|de jure}}, and Nissan held a 15% stake (with no voting rights) in Renault.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.renault.com/en/groupe/l-alliance-renault-nissan/pages/fonctionnement-et-structure.aspx |title=Renault-Nissan alliance website |publisher=Renault.com |access-date=10 April 2011}}</ref> {{As of|November 2023}} Renault owns 15% shares with voting rights. It has more shares in a French trust which it can use for voting in a few limited situations.<ref name=share/>

As well as sharing engines and joint-development of zero-emissions technology, Nissan increased its presence in Europe by badging various Renault van models such as the [[Renault Kangoo]]/[[Nissan Kubistar]], [[Renault Master]]/[[Nissan Interstar]] and the [[Renault Trafic]]/[[Nissan Primastar]]. Some passenger cars have also been badge-engineered, such as the Renault Clio-based [[Nissan Platina]] in Brazil. The "Renault Production System" standard used by all Renault factories borrowed extensively from the "Nissan Production Way" and resulted in Renault productivity improving by 15%. The alliance led to the loss of 21,000 jobs, and the closure of three assembly and two powertrain plants.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/DOCUMENT/PDF/ALLIANCE/HANDBOOK/2009/Alliance_FactsAndFigures_2009.pdf |title=cover_1 |access-date=10 April 2011 |archive-date=3 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303192147/http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/DOCUMENT/PDF/ALLIANCE/HANDBOOK/2009/Alliance_FactsAndFigures_2009.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In March 2010 the Renault-Nissan alliance opened its first joint facility in [[Chennai]], India, investing 45&nbsp;billion rupees (US$991.1&nbsp;million).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.renault.com/en/groupe/renault-dans-le-monde/pages/renault-en-inde.aspx |title=Renault website |publisher=Renault.com |access-date=10 April 2011}}</ref> The facility builds the [[Nissan Micra]]. The Renault Fluence and [[Renault Koleos]] are intended to be assembled there from [[Knock-down kit|completely knocked-down units]]. As a result of opening its own factory, Renault ended its five-year [[Mahindra Renault Limited|Mahindra Renault]] joint venture with [[Mahindra & Mahindra]] company to make and sell the [[Renault Logan]] in India.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chowdhury |first=Anirban |url= http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703779704576073130533934462.html?mod=googlenews_wsj |title=Renault Plans to Use Nissan Micra Platform for India Small Car |date=10 January 2011 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref>

====Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi and Daimler alliance====
On 7 April 2010 Ghosn and [[Daimler AG]] CEO [[Dieter Zetsche]] announced a partnership between the three companies.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303591204575169883829785858.html|title=Daimler, Nissan, Renault Set Small-Car Cooperation |date=7 April 2010 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=7 April 2010| first=Sebastian |last=Moffett}}</ref> Daimler acquired a 3.10 per cent stake in Renault-Nissan and Renault and Nissan each took a 1.55 per cent stake in Daimler.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/engineering/article7089984.ece|title=Daimler confirms Renault-Nissan joint venture|date=7 April 2010 |newspaper=The Times |location=UK |access-date=9 January 2011 |first=Lea |last=Robert |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809075153/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/engineering/article7089984.ece|archive-date=August 9, 2011}}</ref>

==== Geely alliance ====
{{Main|Horse Powertrain|Renault Korea}}

In January 2022, Renault and Chinese manufacturer [[Geely]] signed an agreement by which Renault's South Korean subsidiary, [[Renault Korea Motors]], would produce vehicles based on Geely [[Compact Modular Architecture platform]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Renault Samsung to produce green cars developed by Renault Group and Geely |url=http://www.businesskorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=86712 |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=businesskorea.co.kr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Renault will use Geely's CMA platform for (some of) its future cars |url=https://www.topspeed.com/cars/car-news/renault-will-use-geely-s-cma-platform-for-some-of-its-future-cars/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=TopSpeed.com}}</ref> initially intended for the domestic market. In December 2022, Geely acquired a 34% stake of [[Renault Korea]] through capital increase as part of their partnership, although the company would continue to be majority owned by Renault and a consolidated subsidiary of it.<ref name="Geelyshare2">{{cite web |last=Kwon |first=Jeong-doo |date=15 December 2022 |title=르노코리아, 중국 지리와 친환경차 생산 준비 중…5월에도 부산공장 멈춘다 |trans-title=When will Renault Korea and Samsung's 'real farewell' happen? |url=http://www.sisaweek.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=201424 |access-date=17 May 2023 |work=Sisa Weeek |language=Korean}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Leggett |first=David |date=10 May 2022 |title=Geely to acquire 34% of Renault Korea Motors |url=https://www.just-auto.com/dashboard/deals/geely-to-acquire-34-of-renault-korea-motors/ |access-date=10 May 2022 |publisher=Just-auto.com |archive-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510153909/https://www.just-auto.com/dashboard/deals/geely-to-acquire-34-of-renault-korea-motors/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In May 2024, Renault and Geely established a [[joint venture]] [[Parent company|holding]] aimed at producing [[powertrains]], including [[Internal combustion engine|internal combustion engines]] (ICE) and [[Hybrid vehicle|hybrid systems]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2024 |title=Renault, Geely create joint venture for hybrid, combustion engines |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/renault-geely-create-joint-venture-hybrid-combustion-engines-2024-05-31 |accessdate=31 May 2024 |website=Reuters}}</ref> The venture dates back to an agreement between the two companies in November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 29, 2023 |title=Renault-Geely to include eight Chinese powertrain plants, report says |url=https://europe.autonews.com/automakers/renault-geely-supply-combustion-engines-horse-jv |work=Automotive News Europe}}</ref> Both Geely and Renault were set to transfer their [[intellectual property]] for ICEs and hybrid systems to the venture holding, and plans to supply engines to [[Automobile Dacia|Dacia]] (part of Renault Group), [[Volvo Cars|Volvo]], [[Lynk & Co]], [[Proton Holdings|Proton]] (part of Geely)<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2022 |title=Renault has big plans for Dacia: more models and higher production |url=https://www.romania-insider.com/renault-big-plans-dacia-models-production |website=Romania Insider}}</ref> as well as [[Nissan]] and [[Mitsubishi Motors]] from the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Renault launches Ampere electric car business unit and Geely ICE joint-venture |url=https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/renault/359152/renault-launches-ampere-electric-car-business-unit-and-geely-ice-joint-venture |website=Auto Express}}</ref>

====American Motors====
In 1979, Renault entered into an agreement with [[American Motors Corporation]] (AMC) to sell cars in the US.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.amxfiles.com/amc/part5.html |archive-url= https://archive.today/20050704083908/http://www.amxfiles.com/amc/part5.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 4 July 2005 |title= Endgame: Renault and Jeep |publisher= AMX-files |access-date= 31 August 2012}}</ref> A year later, Renault acquired a 22.5% interest in AMC.<ref name=accent>{{cite magazine|url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,947525,00.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091026235427/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,947525,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 October 2009| title=French Accent|magazine=Time|date=22 October 1979|access-date=29 July 2010}}</ref> This was not the first time the two companies had worked together. In the early 1960s, Renault assembled [[Complete knock down|CKD]] kits and marketed Ramblers in France.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.doctissimo.fr/phedor/cimetiere-oubliees-rambler-2264660.html |title=Le Cimetiere Des Autos Oubloees: Renault Rambler (1962–67) |publisher=The graveyard of forgotten cars |language=fr |date=4 April 2007 |access-date=31 August 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150222211612/http://blog.doctissimo.fr/phedor/cimetiere-oubliees-rambler-2264660.html |archive-date=22 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1982, Renault increased its stake in AMC to 46.4%.<ref>{{cite news|title=Renault Buys A.M.C. Stock|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1982/02/10/business/renault-buys-amc-stock.html |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=22 February 2015|date=10 February 1982}}</ref> The Renault Alliance/Encore (a modified version of the Renault 9 and 11) entered production in the US, but following AMC's continued decline, Renault withdrew from the US in 1987 and sold its share to Chrysler.<ref>{{cite news|title=AMC Dealers Happy With Chrysler Deal|url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-03-11-fi-9855-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |first=Jube Jr. |last=Shiver |date=11 March 1987 |access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref>

====Proposed alliances====
On 30 June 2006, the media reported that General Motors convened an emergency board meeting to discuss a proposal by shareholder [[Kirk Kerkorian]] to form an alliance with Renault-[[Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.|Nissan]]. However, GM CEO [[Rick Wagoner|Richard Wagoner]] felt that an alliance would disproportionately benefit Renault's shareholders and that GM should receive compensation accordingly. Talks between GM and Renault ended on 4 October 2006.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB115927472085074207|title=In Alliance Talks, GM to Seek Billions From Renault, Nissan |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=27 September 2006|access-date=29 April 2015|first1=Monica|last1=Langley|first2=Joseph B.|last2=White}}</ref>

In 2007, Renault-Nissan entered talks with Indian manufacturer [[Bajaj Auto]] to develop a new ultra-low-cost car along the lines of the [[Tata Nano]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSBOM1678920071029 |title=Reuters 29 October 2007 |work=Reuters |access-date=10 April 2011 |first=Rina |last=Chandran |date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Renault's existing partner in India, Mahindra, was not interested in the project. The proposed joint venture did not come to fruition and in late 2009 the companies announced that Bajaj would develop and manufacturer the vehicle and supply Renault-Nissan with completed cars.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/07/09/stories/2010070954040300.htm |title=The Hindu 8 July 2009 |work=Business Line |date=9 July 2010 |access-date=10 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916083716/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/07/09/stories/2010070954040300.htm |archive-date=16 September 2010}}</ref>

On 7 October 2008 a Renault executive said the company was interested in acquiring or partnering with Chrysler.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pearson |first=David |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122305763163202875.html?mod=rss_Autos |title=Renault Itching for a Return to the U.S. |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=7 October 2008 |access-date=12 April 2009}}</ref> On 11 October 2008, the ''[[New York Times]]'' reported that [[General Motors]], Nissan and Renault had all been in discussions over the past month with Chrysler's owner [[Cerberus Capital Management]] about acquiring Chrysler.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/11/business/11auto.html| work=The New York Times | title=G.M. and Chrysler Explore Merger | first1=Bill | last1=Vlasic | date=11 October 2008 | access-date=10 April 2010}}</ref>

In May 2019, [[Fiat Chrysler Automobiles]] proposed merging its business with Renault.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/05/27/fiat-chrysler-proposes-50-50-merger-with-renault/|title=Fiat Chrysler proposes 50-50 merger with Renault|website=TechCrunch|date=27 May 2019|language=en-US|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-date=10 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210170425/https://techcrunch.com/2019/05/27/fiat-chrysler-proposes-50-50-merger-with-renault/|url-status=live}}</ref> The proposal was later withdrawn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/ba034774-87e1-11e9-97ea-05ac2431f453 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/ba034774-87e1-11e9-97ea-05ac2431f453 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Fiat Chrysler withdraws €33bn Renault merger offer|work=Financial Times |last1=Keohane |first1=David |last2=Lewis |first2=Leo |last3=Fontanella-Khan |first3=James |date=5 June 2019 |access-date=6 June 2019}}</ref>