Editing Reforestation (section)

=== Latin America ===

[[File:Hasta luego 001.JPG|thumb|right|Tropical tree nursery at Planeta Verde Reforestación S.A.'s plantation in [[Vichada Department]], [[Colombia]]]]
====Bolivia====
Training in reforestation for young people in [[Bolivia]] has been provided by [[Oxfam Intermón]].<ref>Oxfam UK, ''Voices'', Spring/Summer 2024, p. 12</ref>

==== Costa Rica ====
{{Main|Reforestation in Costa Rica}}
Through reforestation and environmental conservation, Costa Rica doubled its forest cover in 30 years between 1989 and 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Costa Rica has doubled its tropical rainforests in just a few decades. Here's how |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/06/costa-rica-has-doubled-its-tropical-rainforests-in-just-a-few-decades-here-s-how/ |access-date=2020-05-06 |website=World Economic Forum |date=13 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Costa Rica has a long-standing commitment to the environment. The country is now one of the leaders of [[sustainability]], [[biodiversity]], and other protections. It wants to be completely fossil fuel free by 2050.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrea D. Steffen |date=2019-06-04 |title=Costa Rica Doubled Its Forest Cover In Just 30 Years! |url=https://www.intelligentliving.co/costa-rica-forest-cover/ |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=Intelligent Living |language=en-GB}}</ref> The country has generated all of its electric power from renewable sources for three years as of 2019. It has committed to be carbon-free and plastic-free by 2021.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dey |first1=Subhashish |last2=Sreenivasulu |first2=Anduri |last3=Veerendra |first3=G. T. N. |last4=Rao |first4=K. Venkateswara |last5=Babu |first5=P. S. S. Anjaneya |date=2022-09-01 |title=Renewable energy present status and future potentials in India: An overview |journal=Innovation and Green Development |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=100006 |doi=10.1016/j.igd.2022.100006 |s2cid=253649681 |issn=2949-7531|doi-access=free |bibcode=2022InnGD...100006D }}</ref>

As of 2019, half of the country's land surface is covered with forests. They absorb a huge amount of [[carbon dioxide]], combating climate change.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forests and Climate Change |url=https://climate.mit.edu/explainers/forests-and-climate-change |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=MIT Climate Portal |language=en}}</ref>

In the 1940s, more than 75% of the country was covered in mostly tropical rainforests and other indigenous woodlands. Between the 1940s and 1980s, extensive, uncontrolled [[logging]] led to severe deforestation. By 1983, only 26% of the country had forest cover. Realizing the devastation, policymakers took a stand. Through a continued environmental focus they were able to turn things around to the point that today forest cover has increased to 52%, two times more than 1983 levels.

An honorable world leader for [[ecotourism]] and conservation, Costa Rica has pioneered the development of payments for environmental services. Costa Rica's extensive system of environmental protection has been encouraging conservation and reforestation of the land by providing grants for environmental services. The system is not just advanced for its time but is also unparalleled in the world. It received great international attention.

Costa Rica doubled its forest cover in 30 years using its system of grants and other payments for environmental services, including compensation for landowners. One of the main programs established in Costa Rica was the Forest Promotion Certificate in 1979 and is funded by international donations and nationwide taxes.<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last=Pancel |first=Laslo |title=Reforestation Incentives Systems for Tree Plantations in the Tropics∗ |date=2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54601-3_123 |work=Tropical Forestry Handbook |pages=1531–1547 |editor-last=Pancel |editor-first=Laslo |access-date=2022-05-14 |place=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-54601-3_123 |isbn=978-3-642-54601-3 |editor2-last=Köhl |editor2-first=Michael}}</ref><ref name="intelligentliving.co">{{cite web |last1=Steffen |first1=Andrea D. |date=4 June 2019 |title=Costa Rica Doubled Its Forest Cover In Just 30 Years! |url=https://www.intelligentliving.co/costa-rica-forest-cover/ |access-date=18 June 2019 |website=Intelligent Living}}</ref> The initiative is helping to protect the forests in the country, and is now helped pass both the Forest Law in 1986 and FONAFIFO in 1990 which insures the continuity of the conservation programs.<ref name=":2" />

Costa Rica's ambitious reforestation initiatives have transformed the landscape, fostering biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and sustainable land management practices.<ref>{{Citation |last=Pancel |first=Laslo |title=Reforestation Incentives Systems for Tree Plantations in the Tropics∗ |date=2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54601-3_123 |work=Tropical Forestry Handbook |pages=1531–1547 |editor-last=Pancel |editor-first=Laslo |access-date=2023-08-14 |place=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-54601-3_123 |isbn=978-3-642-54601-3 |editor2-last=Köhl |editor2-first=Michael}}</ref>

==== Peru ====
Approximately 59% of Peru is covered by forest.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vizzuality |title=Peru Deforestation Rates & Statistics {{!}} GFW |url=https://www.globalforestwatch.org/country/PER/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310072536/http://www.globalforestwatch.org/country/PER |archive-date=2018-03-10 |access-date=2022-05-13 |website=www.globalforestwatch.org |language=en}}</ref> A history of political turmoil and the government's inability to enforce environmental regulations has led to the degradation of the forest and environment in Peru. A military coup in 1968 caused a loss of economic mobility in the [[Talara Province|Talara]] region and sparked a boom in [[illegal logging]] due to the lack of alternative economic opportunities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2020 |title=Engineering For People Design Brief |url=https://www.ewb-uk.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/EcoSwell-Design-Brief-2020-A4.pdf. |website=EcoSwell}}</ref> Illegal mining and logging operations are responsible for a great deal of Peru's deforestation and environmental damage.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Damonte |first=Gerardo H. |date=2016 |title=The "Blind" State: Government Quest for Formalization and Conflict with Small-Scale Miners in the Peruvian Amazon: The "Blind" State |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anti.12230 |journal=Antipode |language=en |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=956–976 |doi=10.1111/anti.12230}}</ref> The Peruvian government has not been able to enforce an environmentally conscious mining formalization plan to protect the Amazon forest in the [[Madre de Dios Province|Madre de Dios]] region. The 1980s were known in Peru as the "lost decade" due to a nationwide internal conflict and severe economic crisis almost destroying the country and resulting in the state losing control over several regions.<ref name=":1" /> Many areas in Peru, including Madre de Dios, had no state presence until the government initiated a movement to 'conquer and populate the Amazon,' with the hopes of minimizing illegal and informal mining operations that had expanded in the region and were polluting the Amazonian rivers and the destroying of its forests.<ref name=":1" />

Reforestation initiatives have expanded in the country since. In Peru, reforestation is essential to preserving the livelihoods of rural communities because much of the population relies on the forest in some way.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=VonZabern |first=Karl |date=2018 |title=From Protests to Policy: How the Institutionalization of Indigenous Movements Affects Environmental Policy Related to Resource Extraction in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia |url=https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/concern/honors_theses/8p58pj16x |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301015518/https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/concern/honors_theses/8p58pj16x |url-status=live |archive-date=1 March 2020 |journal=Carolina Digital Repository}}</ref> Deforestation also disproportionally affects indigenous communities in Peru, which is why reforestation efforts are essential for the protection of many communities' livelihoods.{{Cn|date=November 2024}}