Editing Peru (section)

=== Literature ===
{{main|Peruvian literature}}
Peruvian literature refers not only to literature produced in the modern Republic of Peru, but also literature produced in the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]] during the colonial period, and to [[Oral tradition|oral]] traditions created by diverse ethnic groups living in what is now Peru during the [[Prehispanic#South America|pre-Columbian period]], such as the [[Quechua people|Quechua]], the [[Aymara people|Aymara]] and the [[Chanka]] people.
[[File:Cesar vallejo 1929 RestauradabyJohnManuel.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|[[Cesar Vallejo]], Peru's most famous poet]]

Spaniards introduced writing in the 16th century; colonial literary expression included [[chronicle]]s and [[Christian literature|religious literature]]. Some of the first chroniclers were writers and soldiers who were responsible for producing official transcripts of military expeditions. There was also a small group of non-official chroniclers or personal diarists who provided unique personal insights on the effort to subdue and colonize the region. For the most part, these chroniclers all wrote from the perspective of Spanish [[Conquistador|conquistadores]], whose mission was to "civilize" and "reveal the true faith" to the native peoples of Peru. Among the official Spanish chroniclers were [[Francisco Xerez]], personal secretary of Pizarro, who wrote the ''Verdadera relación de la conquista del Perú y provincia del Cuzco llamada la Nueva Castilla'' (The True Narrative of the Conquest of Peru and of Cuzco Province, Otherwise Known as New Castile), in 1534. Indigenous chroniclers were also known, such as [[Titu Cusi Yupanqui]] who, after familiarizing himself with Spanish culture, wrote ''Relación de cómo los españoles entraron en Pirú y el subceso que tuvo Mango Inca en el tiempo en que entre ellos vivió ''(The Narrative of How the Spaniards Entered Piru and Mango Inca's Experiences while Living Among Them) in 1570.

After independence, [[Costumbrism]] and [[Romanticism]] became the most common literary genres, as exemplified in the works of [[Ricardo Palma]].<ref>Martin, "Literature, music and the visual arts, c. 1820–1870", pp. 37–39.</ref> The early 20th century's ''Indigenismo'' movement was led by such writers as [[Ciro Alegría]]<ref>Martin, "Narrative since c. 1920", pp. 151–152.</ref> and [[José María Arguedas]].<ref>Martin, "Narrative since c. 1920", pp. 178–179.</ref> The [[avant-garde]] movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the establishment of magazines ''Colónida'' and ''Amauta'', the latter founded in 1926 by the prominent socialist essayist [[José Carlos Mariátegui]]. The influential poet [[César Vallejo]], who was one of its collaborators, wrote modernist and often politically engaged verse in the 1920s and 1930s. Modern Peruvian literature is recognized thanks to authors such as [[List of Nobel laureates in Literature|Nobel laureate]] [[Mario Vargas Llosa]], a leading member of the [[Latin American Boom]].<ref>Martin, "Narrative since c. 1920", pp. 186–188.</ref>