Editing Palace (section)

==Europe==
[[File:Palacio Real, Ámsterdam, Países Bajos, 2016-05-30, DD 07-09 HDR.jpg|alt=|thumb|The [[Royal Palace of Amsterdam]] in [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands]]

===Belgium===
'''The city of [[Bruges]]''':

[[File:Gruuthuuse.jpg|thumb|Exterior view of the Gruuthuse]]
The '''Gruuthusemuseum''' is a museum of applied arts in [[Bruges]], located in the late medieval Gruuthuse, the Palace of [[Louis de Gruuthuse]]. The collection ranges from the 15th to the 19th century.

Presumably in the 13th century, a rich family from Bruges received the [[monopoly]] to levy taxes on [[gruit]], and built storage for it. The building was changed in the early fifteenth century by [[Jan IV van der Aa]] to a luxury house for his family, which subsequently changed its name to "Van Gruuthuse" ("From the Gruit house"). His son Louis de Gruuthuse added a second wing to the house, and in 1472 a "chapel". This is in a bridge which connects the house to the adjacent [[Church of Our Lady, Bruges]], so that members of the household could see the high altar from wide windows in the room.<ref name=Onroerend>{{cite web|title=Huis van de Heren van Gruuthuse|date=14 May 2024 |url=https://inventaris.onroerenderfgoed.be/dibe/relict/82344|publisher=Inventaris onroerend erfgeod|language=nl}}</ref>  However the building was very heavily restored in the 19th century.

'''The city of [[Mechelen]]''' houses several palaces:

"Hof van Kamerijk" or "Palace of [[Margaret of York]]", 15th-century building. Also called "Keizershof" (English; literally "Emperor's Court") because several royal children resided here and received education at this court, including [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] (Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria, King of Spain and Duke of Burgundy)

"[[Hof van Savoye]]" or "Palace of [[Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy|Margaret of Austria]]", early 16th-century building and one of the first [[Renaissance]] buildings in northern Europe.

The "[[Hof van Busleyden]]", early 16th-century Renaissance palace of [[Hieronymus van Busleyden]]; The "Archbishop 's palace", 18th-century building and the official seat of the [[Archbishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mechelen–Brussels|the Roman Catholic province Belgium]]; The "Hof van Palermo", 15th-century palace of [[Jan I Carondelet]]; The "Hof van Hoogstraten", 16th-century palace of [[Antoon I van Lalaing]]; The "Hof van Nassau", 15th-century building which served as temporary court of [[Margaret of York]] when she arrived in Mechelen after her marriage with [[Charles the Bold]]; The "Hof van Cortenbach", 16th-century building; The "Hof van Coloma", 18th-century palace of Jean Ernest Coloma, Baron of St-Pieters Leeuw and member of the [[Coloma family]]

'''The city of [[Brussels]]''' has also several remaining and notable palaces: "[[Royal Palace of Brussels|The Royal Palace of Brussels]]", the official palace of the King and Queen of the Belgians, [[Egmont Palace|The Egmont palace]], The Palace of [[Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine|Prince Charles Alexander Emanuel of Lorraine]] and Hotel Errera.  The [[Palace of Coudenberg]], the main Renaissance palace and seat of government power, burnt down completely in 1731.

===France===
[[File:3919ParigiPalaisDeJustice.JPG|thumb|[[Palais de Justice, Paris|Palais de Justice]] of [[Paris]], France]]
[[File:Palace of Versailles June 2010.jpg|thumb|[[Palace of Versailles]]]]
In France there has been a clear distinction between a [[château]] and a ''palais''. The palace has always been urban, like the ''[[Conciergerie|Palais de la Cité]]'' in [[Paris]], which was the royal palace of France and is now the supreme court of justice of France, or the palace of the [[Pope]]s at [[Avignon]].

The château, by contrast, has always been in rural settings, supported by its [[demesne]], even when it was no longer actually fortified. Speakers of English think of the "[[Palace of Versailles]]" because it was the residence of the king of France, and the king was the source of power, though the building has always remained the ''Château de Versailles'' for the French, and the seat of government under the ''[[Ancien Régime]]'' remained the '''Palais''' du [[Louvre]]. The Louvre had begun as a fortified ''Château du Louvre'' on the edge of Paris, but as the seat of government and shorn of its fortified architecture and then completely surrounded by the city, it developed into the ''Palais du Louvre''.

The ''[[hôtel particulier]]'' remains the term for an urban residence sited ''entre cour et jardin'', behind a forecourt and opening onto a garden; when fronting directly on streets, they are ''maisons'', "houses". Bishops always had a ''palais'' in the town of their diocese, an ''hôtel'' in other towns, though they might possess ''chateaux''.

The usage is essentially the same in Italy, Spain and Portugal, as well as the former [[Austrian Empire]]. In [[Vienna]], Austria, all large mansions belonging to aristocratic or very wealthy families were traditionally called ''palais'', but this never applied to imperial palaces themselves which were called ''Burg'' within the city and ''Schloss'' when outside it. In Germany, the wider term was a relatively recent importation and was used rather more restrictively.

===Germany===
[[File:Schloss Charlottenburg Berlin 2007.jpg|thumb|The [[Charlottenburg Palace]] in [[Berlin]], Germany]]
{{main|List of castles in Germany|Schloss}}
The German term for "palace" is ''Palast'', which is used especially for large palatial complexes and gardens. Large country houses are typically called ''[[schloss]]'' (''chateaux'' or ''castle'' in English).

Germany offers a variety of more than 25,000 castles and palaces and thousands of [[manor house]]s. The country is known for its [[fairy tale]]-like scenery palatial buildings, such as [[Sanssouci]], [[Linderhof Palace]], [[Herrenchiemsee]], [[Schwetzingen Palace|Schwetzingen]], [[Schloss Nordkirchen|Nordkirchen]] and [[Schwerin Palace]]. Many of these buildings have a history of over 1000 years, ranging from fortifications to royal residences. Many German castles after the [[Middle Ages]] were mainly built as royal or ducal palaces rather than as a fortified building.

===Hungary===
[[File:Károlyi-kastély (Kastélyhotel Sasvár) (5819. számú műemlék).jpg|thumb|''Károlyi Palace'' of [[Parádsasvár]], Hungary]]
In [[Hungary]] distinction is made between urban and rural residencies. Only the urban residencies of the higher aristocracy were called ''palota'' (palace); rural stately homes were named ''kastély'' (mansion), or in case of smaller country houses, ''kúria''. Noble landowner families, like the [[House of Esterházy]], often had several mansions in the countryside and palaces in towns. The office of the [[president of the Republic of Hungary]], [[Sándor Palace, Budapest|Sándor Palace]], was the residence of the Sándor family in the 19th century. Royal residencies were also called palaces, for example, the Early Renaissance summer palace of King [[Matthias Corvinus of Hungary|Matthias Corvinus]] in [[Visegrád]] or [[Buda Castle]] which was called ''Királyi-palota'' (Royal Palace). In the second half of the 19th century, splendid new townhouses of the bourgeoisie on [[Andrássy út]] and elsewhere in [[Budapest]] were named palaces. A typical example is the Art Nouveau [[Gresham Palace]], which was built by an insurance company. Grand public buildings and even blocks of flats of higher standard were regularly called palaces (the contemporary term of the latter were ''bérpalota'' meaning rent palace). For contemporary buildings the term is seldom used with the notable exemption of the [[Palace of Arts (Budapest)|Palace of Arts]].

===Ireland===
In Ireland, the term "palace" ({{Langx|ga|pailís}}) is rarely used. The main royal residence in Ireland, [[Dublin Castle]], was never called a palace, nor is [[Hillsborough Castle]], the main royal residence of Northern Ireland.

The word "palace" is largely restricted to large official dwellings for Church of Ireland bishops:
*[[St. Lachtain's Church, Freshford|Bishop's Palace at Achadh Úr]] (modern [[Freshford, County Kilkenny|Freshford]]), home of the medieval Bishop of Freshford
*Braganza, [[Carlow]], home of the [[Bishops of Kildare and Leighlin]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.igp-web.com/Carlow/Braganza_Villa.htm|title=Braganza Villa Carlow Town|website=www.igp-web.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heritage-print.com/braganza-house-bishops-palace-carlow-ireland-14942713.html|title=Print of Braganza House, the Bishops Palace, Carlow, Ireland, 1924-1926.Artist: Valentine & Sons|website=Heritage Images Photo Prints}}</ref>
*Archbishop's Palace, [[Cashel, County Tipperary]], home of the [[Archbishop of Cashel and Emly]]; built in 1732, now the [[Cashel Palace Hotel]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/30331042/saint-jarlaths-bishop-street-townparks-3rd-division-tuam-galway|title=Saint Jarlath's, Bishop Street, TOWNPARKS (3RD DIVISION), Tuam, GALWAY|website=Buildings of Ireland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.archiseek.com/2012/palace-cashel/|title=1732 – Former Archbishop's Palace, Cashel, Co. Tipperary|date=19 October 2012}}</ref>
*Bishop's Palace, [[Cork City|Cork]], home of the [[Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/20503386/bishops-palace-bishop-street-cork-city-cork-city-cork|title=Bishop's Palace, Bishop Street, CORK CITY, Cork City, CORK|website=Buildings of Ireland}}</ref>
*The Palace, [[Cobh]], former home of the [[Bishop of Cloyne]]<ref name="auto"/>
*[[Manor of St. Sepulchre|Palace of the Archbishop of Dublin at Saint Sepulchre's]], former home of the [[Archbishop of Dublin]]<ref>{{Cite ISB|year=1804|num=63|title=Archbishop's Palace Dublin Act 1804|parl=uk|regy=44 Geo. 3|date=29 June 1804}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/kevin-street-garda-station-s-walls-hide-medieval-palace-1.2289094|title=Kevin Street Garda station's walls hide medieval palace|first=Olivia|last=Kelly|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref>
* Bishop's Palace at Elphin, former home of the [[Bishop of Elphin]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/40833050/church-of-ireland-bishops-palace-raphoe-demesne-raphoe-donegal|title=Church of Ireland Bishop's Palace, RAPHOE DEMESNE, Raphoe, DONEGAL|website=Buildings of Ireland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theirishaesthete.com/tag/bishops-palace/|title=Bishop's Palace|website=The Irish Aesthete|date=24 July 2017 }}</ref>
*Bishop's Palace, [[Ennis]], also called Westbourne, home of the [[Bishop of Killaloe]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.killaloediocese.ie/mercy-sisters-say-farewell-to-killaloe-town/|title=Mercy Sisters say farewell to Killaloe town|date=8 December 2018|website=Killaloe Diocese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.historicalpicturearchive.com/shop/pictures/cl-00273/|title=Westbourne, Bishop's Palace, Ennis, Co Lare, Ireland. old Irish photograph. CL-00273 – The Historical Picture Archive|website=www.historicalpicturearchive.com}}</ref>
*Bishop's Palace of Kilkenny, a summer house for the [[Bishops of Ossory]], built by [[Richard Pococke]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/12003011/bishops-palace-church-lane-gardens-st-canice-par-kilkenny-kilkenny|title=Bishop's Palace, Church Lane, GARDENS (ST. CANICE PAR.), Kilkenny, KILKENNY|website=Buildings of Ireland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/letters/bishop-s-palace-in-kilkenny-1.1124288|title=Bishop's palace in Kilkenny|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref>
*Bishop's Palace, [[Killarney]], former home of the [[Bishop of Ardfert and Aghadoe]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/21400809/bishops-palace-saint-marys-presbytery-cathedral-place-off-new-road-off-inch-ma-by-killarney-urban-ed-killarney-kerry|title=Bishop's Palace/Saint Mary's Presbytery, Cathedral Place (off), New Road (off), INCH (MA. BY.) KILLARNEY URBAN ED, Killarney, KERRY|website=Buildings of Ireland}}</ref>
*Bishop's Palace, [[Kilmore, County Cavan]], also called the "See House", home of the [[Bishop of Kilmore]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.archiseek.com/2015/1837-bishops-palace-kilmore-co-cavan/|title=Archiseek - Irish Architecture - 1837 - Bishop's Palace, Kilmore, Co. Cavan|date=11 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/40402506/see-house-kilmore-upper-cavan|title=See House, KILMORE UPPER, CAVAN|website=Buildings of Ireland}}</ref>
*Bishop's Palace, [[Limerick]], former home of the [[Bishop of Limerick]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=O Cinneide |first=Seamus |title=Palace of the past |url=http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/bp014.pdf }}</ref><ref name="auto"/>
*Church of Ireland Bishop's Palace, [[Raphoe]]
*Archbishop's Palace, [[Tuam]], built in 1678 and burnt in 1691; Grove House now stands on the site.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://heritage.galwaycommunityheritage.org/content/places/tuam-heritage-and-nature-trail/43-grove-house|title=43. Grove House|date=3 May 2018}}</ref> Saint Jarlath's, built {{Circa|1870}}, later served as archbishop's palace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.libraryireland.com/topog/T/Tuam-Clare-Galway.php|title=Tuam - Topographical Dictionary of Ireland (1837)|website=www.libraryireland.com}}</ref>
*[[Bishop's Palace Waterford]], formerly home of the [[Bishop of Waterford and Lismore]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.joc-architects.ie/projects/the-bishops-palace-museum-waterford|title=The Bishop's Palace Museum, Waterford|website=www.joc-architects.ie}}</ref> 
*[[Archbishop's Palace, Armagh]], formerly home of [[Archbishop of Armagh]]

There are also some Catholic bishops' palaces:
*Bishop's Palace, [[Ballina, County Mayo]], home of the Catholic [[Bishop of Killala]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.historicalpicturearchive.com/shop/pictures/mo-00105/|title=Bishop's Palace, Ballina, Co Mayo, Ireland. old photograph. MO-00105 – The Historical Picture Archive|website=www.historicalpicturearchive.com}}</ref>
*Bishop's Palace, Cork, on Redemption Road, home of the [[Roman Catholic Bishop of Cork and Ross]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/opinion/commentanalysis/arid-20218552.html|title=A Bishop of the people|first=Claire|last=O'Sullivan|date=4 January 2013|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref>
*Archbishop's Palace, [[Drumcondra, Dublin|Drumcondra]], home of the [[Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dublinlive.ie/news/9-things-youll-only-know-12478518|title=9 things you'll only know if you grew up in Drumcondra|first=Stephen|last=McDermott|date=20 January 2017|website=DublinLive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.historicalpicturearchive.com/shop/pictures/archbishops-palace-drumcondra-dublin-qx-00494/|title=Archbishops Palace, Drumcondra, Dublin QX-00494 – The Historical Picture Archive|website=www.historicalpicturearchive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/renovations-to-archbishop-of-dublins-palace-cost-500000-26500291.html|title=Renovations to archbishop of Dublin's palace cost €500,000|website=independent|date=18 December 2008 }}</ref> It is today referred to as simply the Archbishop's House.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/readme/column-beating-the-bullies-in-the-bishops-palace-191949-Aug2011/|title=Column: Beating the bullies in the Bishop's Palace|first=Johnny|last=Fallon|website=TheJournal.ie|date=2 August 2011 }}</ref>
*Bishop's Palace, [[Longford]], home of the [[Bishop of Ardagh and Clonmacnoise]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.historicalpicturearchive.com/shop/pictures/lf-00097/|title=The Bishop's Palace, Longford, Co Longford, Ireland. LF-00097 – The Historical Picture Archive|website=www.historicalpicturearchive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.archiseek.com/2016/1905-bishops-palace-longford-co-longford/|title=1905 – Bishop's Palace, Longford, Co. Longford|date=16 May 2016}}</ref>
*Roman Catholic Bishop's Palace, [[Mullingar]], dwelling of the [[Roman Catholic Bishop of Meath]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000559319/Map?ui=standard|title=Roman Catholic Bishop's Palace, Mullingar, Co. Westmeath|year=1900}}</ref>
*Roman Catholic Bishop's Palace, [[Raphoe]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/sisters-released-from-shame-that-had-haunted-them-asex-priest-who-abused-them-as-children-is-jailed-40698596.html|title=Sisters 'released from shame that had haunted them' as ex-priest who abused them as children is jailed|website=independent|date=28 July 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000332323/Map?ui=standard|title=Bishop's Palace, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal|year=1865}}</ref>
*Archbishop's Palace, [[Thurles]], dwelling of the Catholic [[Archbishop of Cashel and Emly]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thurles.info/2019/11/17/times-they-are-a-changin-in-cathedral-street-thurles/|title=Times They Are A-Changin' In Cathedral Street Thurles &#124; Thurles Information|website=www.thurles.info|date=17 November 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://search.benefacts.ie/org/5832188/cashel-and-emly-diocesan-trust-company-limited-by-guarantee|title=Benefacts|website=search.benefacts.ie}}</ref>

===Italy===
{{redirect|Palazzo}}
{{see also|List of palaces in Italy}}
[[File:Reggia di Caserta - panoramio - Carlo Pelagalli (2).jpg|thumb|right|[[Royal Palace of Caserta]] is the largest former royal residence in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chronopoulou |first=Angeliki |date=January 23, 2024 |title=Reggia Di Caserta Historical Overview |url=https://www.academia.edu/44592878 |access-date=January 23, 2024 |website=Academia |language=English}}</ref><ref name="Dictionnaire amoureux de Versailles">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qTdlAQAAQBAJ|title=Dictionnaire amoureux de Versailles|first=Franck|last=FERRAND|date=October 24, 2013|publisher=Place des éditeurs|isbn=9782259222679 |via=Google Books}}</ref>]]
[[File:(Venice) Doge's Palace facing the sea.jpg|thumb|[[Doge's Palace]], [[Venice]]. The palace included government offices, a jail, and the residence of the [[Doge of Venice]], the elected authority of the former [[Republic of Venice]]]]

In Italy, any urban building built as a grand residence is a ''palazzo''; these are often no larger than a Victorian [[townhouse]]. It was not necessary to be a [[nobleman]] for one's house to be considered a ''palazzo''; the hundreds of ''palazzi'' in [[Venice]] nearly all belonged to the [[Patrician (post-Roman Europe)|patrician]] class of the city. In the [[Middle Ages]] these also functioned as [[warehouse]]s and places of business, as well as homes. Each family's ''palazzo'' was a hive that contained all the family members, though it might not always show a grand architectural public front. In the 20th century, ''palazzo'' in Italian came to apply by extension to any large fine apartment building, as many old ''palazzi'' were converted to this use.

Bishop's townhouses were always ''palazzi'', and the seat of a localized regime would also be so called. Many former capitals display a [[Ducal Palace]], the seat of the local duke or lord. In [[Florence]] (just as for other strong [[Medieval commune|communal governments]]), the seat of government was known as Palazzo della Signoria. When the Medici were made Grand Dukes of Tuscany, however, the centre of power shifted to their new residence in [[Palazzo Pitti]], and the old centre of power began to be referred to as the [[Palazzo Vecchio]].

Shops on the ground floor and flats at the top of a modern ''palazzo'' are not at all incongruous: historically, the ground floors of even a great family's ''palazzo'' could be trade and domestic offices often open to servants, tradesmen, customers and the public, while the smartest and most prestigious floor (known as the ''[[piano nobile]]'') was kept for the family along with the upper floors and apartments, all of which were considered cleaner and safer than those on the ground floor. There were (and are) often separate, sometimes external, stairs to the humblest attic rooms and roofs used by the staff.

The most important royal ''palazzi'' in Italy are those in [[Royal Palace of Caserta|Caserta]], [[Royal Palace of Milan|Milan]], [[Royal Palace of Naples|Naples]], [[Royal Palace of Palermo|Palermo]], [[Royal Palace of Turin|Turin]], as well as the [[Quirinale Palace]] in [[Rome]].

===Malta===
[[File:Valletta St Johns square Malta 2014 3.jpg|thumb|right|[[Grandmaster's Palace (Valletta)|Grandmaster's Palace]] in [[Valletta]]]]
Until the sixteenth century, [[Malta]] was part of the [[Kingdom of Sicily]], and the capital [[Mdina]] housed many palaces for the nobility, such as [[Palazzo Falson]] and [[Palazzo Santa Sofia]]. After the [[History of Malta under the Order of Saint John|arrival of the Order of Saint John]] in 1530, the knights settled in [[Birgu]], where part of [[Fort St Angelo]] was used as a palace for the [[List of Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]]. The knights themselves lived in [[Langue (Knights Hospitaller)#Birgu|auberges]], but these were more large houses rather than palaces.

When the Order began to build a new capital [[Valletta]] in 1566, a new [[Grandmaster's Palace (Valletta)|Grandmaster's Palace]] and a series of [[Langue (Knights Hospitaller)#Birgu|new auberges]] were built. The auberges in Valletta are much larger than their counterparts in Birgu, and can be considered as palaces. The most important auberge still standing is [[Auberge de Castille]], which currently houses the Office of the Prime Minister of Malta. Over the years, the Grand Masters also built a number of large residences in the countryside, such as [[Verdala Palace]] and [[San Anton Palace]]. Both of these now serve as official residences of the [[president of Malta]].

The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Malta|Archbishop of Malta]] has a palace in Mdina. The inquisitor also had a [[Inquisitor's Palace|palace in Birgu]] and [[Girgenti Palace|another in Girgenti]] until the abolition of the inquisition in 1798. The nobility, upper classes and individual knights of the Order built a number of private palaces, especially in Valletta, but also in the countryside. There are other palaces built by the nobility, such as, most notably [[Palazzo Parisio (Valletta)|Palazzo Parisio]] in Valletta and [[Dragonara Palace|Palazzo Dragonara]] in St Julians.

===Poland===
[[File:Warszawa Pałac Prezydencki 2011.jpg|thumb|right|[[Presidential Palace, Warsaw|Presidential Palace]] in [[Warsaw]], Poland]]
The former Kingdom of Poland, known as the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], once spanned over {{cvt|1,153,465|km2}}, which allowed the nobles to construct their residences anywhere from modern-day Poland to as far as southern [[Estonia]]. The [[Szlachta|Polish aristocracy]] (szlachta) greatly favoured [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] and [[Rococo]] architecture of the period. Most notable architect specializing in those styles was [[Netherlands|Dutch]]-born [[Tylman van Gameren]] (also Tylman Gamerski), who designed several renowned palaces, for both [[Kings of Poland|kings]] and nobles, throughout the Commonwealth. Tylman also left behind a lifelong legacy of buildings that are regarded as gems of [[Baroque in Poland|Polish Baroque architecture]]. His most famous works include [[Krasiński Palace]] and [[Łazienki Palace]], both in [[Warsaw]], and [[Branicki Palace, Białystok|Branicki Palace]] in [[Białystok]]. Other palatial architects in Poland at the time were [[Chrystian Piotr Aigner]], [[Szymon Bogumił Zug]], [[Domenico Merlini]] and [[Johann Christian Schuch]].

At present, Poland possesses hundreds of varied-style palaces and residences designed by architects from all over the world. Some best examples are [[Wilanów Palace]], [[Presidential Palace, Warsaw|Presidential Palace]], [[Abbot's Palace (Oliwa)|Oliwa Abbot's Palace]], [[Copper-Roof Palace]], [[Palace of the Ministry of Revenues and Treasury]], [[Rogalin]], [[Jabłonowski Palace]], [[Kozłówka Palace|Zamoyski Palace in Kozłówka]], [[Kurozwęki Palace|Lanckoroński Palace in Kurozwęki]], [[Nieborów Palace]] and the [[Palace in Otwock Wielki]]. There are also several palaces resembling castles or medieval Gothic residences, most notably [[Moszna Castle]], [[Książ Castle]] and the [[Royal Castle, Warsaw|Warsaw Royal Castle]].

===Portugal===
[[File:Pena National Palace.JPG|thumb|right|[[Pena National Palace|Pena Palace]] in [[Sintra, Portugal]] is the oldest palace inspired by European Romanticism.]]
Due to its relatively small geography, most of [[Portugal]]'s palaces are former royal residences. Some examples of Portuguese palaces are [[Mafra National Palace]], [[Pena National Palace]], [[Belém Palace]], [[Ajuda National Palace]], [[Palácio das Necessidades]], [[Mateus Palace]], [[Palace Hotel of Bussaco]], [[Palácio da Regaleira]], and [[Palácio da Brejoeira]].
{{Clear}}

===Romania===
[[File:Casa Poporului.jpg|thumb|[[Palace of the Parliament]] in [[Bucharest]], Romania]]
Palaces in [[Romania]], as elsewhere in Europe, were originally built for royalty, nobles and bishops. Three former royal palaces in Romania are the [[Cotroceni Palace]] (now the presidential residence); the [[The Royal Palace (Bucharest)|Royal Palace in Bucharest]], which now houses the [[National Museum of Art of Romania]]; and the [[Elisabeta Palace]]. Although Romania is no longer a constitutional monarchy, the current head of the former Romanian royal family, [[Princess Margareta of Romania]], continues to reside at [[Elisabeta Palace]] in Bucharest.

Other palaces include the [[Crețulescu Palace]] in Bucharest, built for the Crețulescu family, and [[Peleș Castle|Peles palace]], built by King [[Carol I of Romania]] as a royal residence. 
[[File:Palace_of_Culture_(Iaşi)_0107.jpg|thumb|Built as a public administration centre, the [[Palace of Culture (Iași)|Cultural Palace in Iasi]] looks royal, but was never the seat of royalty]]
The [[Palace of the Parliament]] (Casa Poporului) from [[Bucharest]] and the [[Palace of Culture (Iași)|Palace of Culture]] in [[Iași]] (Palatul Culturii) are large government buildings, both purpose-built solely for government and public use.

===Russia===
The first palaces in Russia were built about a thousand years ago for the Grand Dukes of Kiev. These are not preserved, having been destroyed. Classical palaces were built during the reign of Tsar [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]] and his immediate successors. Examples of Russian palaces include:
* the [[Winter Palace]] (1732–1917) in [[Saint Petersburg]], was the official residence of the Russian monarchs
* the [[Mariinsky Palace]] (1710–1727) in Saint Petersburg
* the [[Grand Kremlin Palace]] (1837–1849) of the [[Moscow Kremlin]] in [[Moscow]]
* the [[Peterhof Palace]] (1709–1755) in [[Petergof]]
* the [[Catherine Palace]] (1857–1862) in [[Tsarskoye Selo]]
* the [[Gatchina Palace]] (1766–1781) in [[Gatchina]]
<gallery mode="packed" heights="100">
File:Grand Cascade in Peterhof 01.jpg|The [[Peterhof Palace]] (1709–1755) in [[Petergof]]
File:Winter Palace Panorama 2.jpg|The Winter Palace, from [[Palace Square]]
File:Winter Palace Panorama 4.jpg|The Winter Palace, from [[Palace Embankment]]
</gallery>

===Scandinavia===
{{multiple image
|footer = The palaces where the Scandinavian monarchs reside.
|align = right
|width = 100

|image1 = Slottet i Oslo 1.jpg
|alt1 = 
|caption1 = The [[Royal Palace, Oslo]]

|image2 = Copenhagen amalienborg seen from opera house.jpg
|alt2 = 
|caption2 = [[Amalienborg|Amalienborg Palace]], Copenhagen

|image3 = Drottningholmpalace.jpg
|alt3 = 
|caption3 = [[Drottningholm Palace]], near Stockholm
}}
The three Scandinavian countries of [[Denmark]], [[Norway]] and [[Sweden]] all have long monarchic histories and possess several palaces. In Denmark [[Christiansborg Palace]] in Copenhagen was built as a royal palace, but is now only used for royal receptions; [[Amalienborg|Amalienborg Palace]] has been the Danish royal residence since 1794. In Norway the [[Royal Palace, Oslo|Royal Palace]] in Oslo has been used as the royal residence since 1849. In Sweden the large [[Stockholm Palace]] was built in 1760, and remains the official royal residence, but at the current time is only used for official purposes while the Swedish royal family resides in the more modest [[Drottningholm Palace]].

===Serbia===
The two dynasties of post-Ottoman Serbia, [[House of Karađorđević|Karađorđević]] and [[House of Obrenović|Obrenović]], built numerous royal residences throughout the country. The most prominent are to be found in the capital, [[Belgrade]]: the [[Stari dvor|Stari Dvor]] and [[Novi dvor| Novi Dvor]] (Old Palace and New Palace, respectively) in the downtown, and the [[Dedinje Royal Compound]] which includes the [[Kraljevski dvor|Kraljevski Dvor]] the [[Beli dvor|Beli Dvor]] (Royal Palace and White Palace, respectively) in the suburb of [[Dedinje]].

===Spain===
With over a thousand years of monarchic history, Spain has many palaces of its own that were built for different monarchs or nobles. Among these palaces is the [[Royal Palace of Madrid]], also referred to as the Palacio Real. The palace is the largest palace in Europe with over 2,800 rooms but at the current time{{When|date=November 2015}} is of use for only governmental business while the royal family resides in the smaller Palacio de la Zarzuela.

In addition to the Royal Palace of Madrid, [[Alcázar of Seville]] (which mixes, with the delicate Moorish filigree, European Christian architectural styles), the [[Alhambra]], the [[El Escorial|Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial]] and the [[Royal Palace of Aranjuez]], fine baroque palace is surrounded by gardens. Currently,{{When|date=November 2015}} the royal family and prime minister live in the more modest [[Palace of Zarzuela]] and [[Palace of Moncloa]], respectively.

===United Kingdom===
{{Main|List of British royal residences}}
[[File:Windsor Castle at Sunset - Nov 2006.jpg|thumb|[[Windsor Castle]]]]
Although many [[English country house]]s can be called "palatial" in size and the richness of their contents, in the United Kingdom, by tacit agreement, the word "palace" is reserved for official residences (present or former) of the [[royal family]] or [[bishop]]s, regardless of whether located in town or country. However, not all palaces use the term in their name – see [[Windsor Castle]]. Thus the [[Palace of Beaulieu]] gained its name precisely when [[Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire|Thomas Boleyn]] sold it to [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] in 1517. Previously, it had been known as Walkfares, but like several other palaces including [[Hampton Court Palace]], the name stuck even once the royal connection ended.

[[Blenheim Palace]] was built, on a different site, in the grounds of the disused royal [[Woodstock Palace|Palace of Woodstock]], and the name was also part of the extraordinary honour <!--not honor please, as it is in the UK-->when the house was given by a grateful nation to a great general, the [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|Duke of Marlborough]]. Along with several royal and [[bishop|episcopal]] palaces in the countryside, Blenheim does demonstrate that "palace" has no specific urban connotation in English. On the use of the term "palace" in the UK, [[Buckingham Palace]] was known as Buckingham House before it was acquired by the monarchy.

[[Blenheim Palace]] (in England) and [[Hamilton Palace]] (in Scotland, [[Destruction of country houses in 20th-century Britain|demolished in 1927]]) are the only non-royal and non-[[bishop|episcopal]] residences to have the word "palace" in their name, other than [[Dalkeith Palace]] in Scotland, which used to be the seat of the [[Dukes of Buccleuch]] (who descend from [[Charles II of England]]).

===Other===
[[File:Rome (29291364).jpg|thumb|right|[[Apostolic Palace]]]]
In [[continental Europe]] royal and episcopal palaces were not merely residences; the clerks who administered the realm or the diocese laboured there as well. (To this day many bishops' palaces house both their family apartments and their official offices.) However, unlike the "Palais du Justice" which is often encountered in the French-speaking world, modern British public administration buildings are never called "palaces"; although the formal name for the "Houses of [[Parliament]]" is the [[Palace of Westminster]], this reflects Westminster's former role as a royal residence and centre <!--not center please, it is in England and this is much more a UK-relevant article than a U.S. relevant one--> of administration.

In more recent years, the word has been used in a more informal sense for other large, impressive buildings, such as [[The Crystal Palace]] of 1851 (an immensely large, glazed hall erected for [[The Great Exhibition]]) and modern arenas-convention centers like [[Alexandra Palace]].

The largest in the world is the<ref>{{cite web|last1=Malathronas|first1=John|title=Palace of the damned dictator: On the trail of Ceausescu in Bucharest|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/05/travel/ceausescu-trail-bucharest-romania/|website=CNN|date=5 December 2014 |access-date=27 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128074201/http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/05/travel/ceausescu-trail-bucharest-romania|archive-date=28 January 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Palace of the Parliament]] in [[Bucharest]], Romania. Built during the socialist regime, no effort or expense was spared to raise this colossal neo-classic building.