Editing Pakistan (section)

=== Religion ===
{{Main|Religion in Pakistan}}
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Pakistan (2023 census)<ref name="2023 Census">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_9.pdf|title=Religious Demographics of Pakistan 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212115052/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_9.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2024}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Religions
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Pakistan|Islam]]|green|96.3}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Pakistan|Hinduism]]|orange|2.2}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Pakistan|Christianity]]|blue|1.4}}
{{bar percent|[[Religion in Pakistan#Demographics of religion in Pakistan|others]]|purple|0.1}}
}}

[[Islam in Pakistan|Islam]] is the state religion,{{sfn|Munir|1975}} with freedom of religion guaranteed by the [[Constitution of Pakistan|constitution]].<ref name="CoP">{{cite web|title=Constitution of Pakistan|url=http://storyofpakistan.com/the-constitution-of-1973/|website=Story of Pakistan|date=June 2003|publisher=Nazaria-e-Pakistan, Part IV|access-date=6 October 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002225754/http://storyofpakistan.com/the-constitution-of-1973/|archive-date=2 October 2013}}<br />- {{cite web|title=Religions in Pakistan {{!}} PEW-GRF|url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/pakistan#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2020|access-date=14 July 2021|website=www.globalreligiousfutures.org|archive-date=23 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123090234/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/pakistan#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2020|url-status=dead}}<br />- {{cite web|last=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|title=World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Pakistan : Christians|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/5ba0ae0e7.html|access-date=14 July 2021|website=Refworld}}<br />- {{cite web|date=26 May 2018|title=Headcount finalised sans third-party audit|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1719994/headcount-finalised-sans-third-party-audit?amp=1|access-date=14 July 2021|website=The Express Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part2.ch1.html |title=The Constitution of Pakistan, Part II: Chapter 1: Fundamental Rights|publisher=Pakistani.org|access-date=22 August 2018}}</ref> The majority are Muslims (96.35%), followed by [[Hinduism in Pakistan|Hindus]] (2.17%) and [[Christianity in Pakistan|Christians]] (1.37%). Minorities include [[Sikhism in Pakistan|Sikhs]], [[Buddhism in Pakistan|Buddhists]], [[Jainism in Pakistan|Jains]], [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]] ([[Parsis|Parsi]]), and the unique [[Kalash people]] who practice [[animism]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan's Forgotten Pagans Get Their Due |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/28439107.html |work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=19 April 2017}}</ref> In 2012, 2% of the population identified as atheist in a [[Gallup Pakistan|Gallup]] survey.<ref>{{cite news |last=Husain |first=Irfan |title=Faith in decline |url=http://dawn.com/2012/08/27/faith-in-decline/|access-date=16 December 2012 |newspaper=Dawn, Irfan |date=27 August 2012 |quote=Interestingly, and somewhat intriguingly, 2 per cent of the Pakistanis surveyed see themselves as atheists, up from 1pc in 2005. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204113125/http://dawn.com/2012/08/27/faith-in-decline/ |archive-date=4 December 2012}}</ref>

==== Islam ====
{{Main|Islam in Pakistan}}
[[File:Faisal Masjid.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|[[Faisal Mosque]], built in 1986 by Turkish architect [[Vedat Dalokay]] on behalf of [[House of Saud|King]] [[Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz]] of Saudi Arabia]]

Islam dominates in Pakistan, with about 96.35% of the population being Muslim.<ref>Muhammad Qasim Zaman, ''Islam in Pakistan: A History'' (Princeton UP, 2018) [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=53232 online review]
</ref> Pakistan ranks second globally in Muslim population,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbqfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT5|title=Islam in India and Pakistan{{Snd}} A Religious History |last=Singh |first=Dr. Y P |publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |year=2016 |isbn=978-93-85505-63-8 |quote=Pakistan has the second largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia.}}<br />- see: [[Islam by country]]</ref> and is home to 10.5% of the world's Muslims.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-exec/|title=The Global Religious Landscape|date=December 2012|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=5 November 2018}}</ref> Karachi is the largest Muslim city in the world.<ref>{{cite book|title=Cityscapes of Violence in Karachi: Publics and Counterpublics|first=Nichola|last= Khan|year= 2016| isbn= 978-0-19-086978-6|publisher=Oxford University Press|quote= ... With a population of over 23 million Karachi is also the world's largest Muslim city, the world's seventh largest conurbation ... }}</ref>

The majority follow [[Sunni Islam]], with a significant presence of [[Sufism in Pakistan|Sufism]], while Shia Muslims constitute a minority.<ref name="LoC2">{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Pakistan.pdf |title=Country Profile: Pakistan |date=February 2005 |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |quote=Religion: The overwhelming majority of the population (96.4 percent) is Muslim, of whom approximately 95 percent are Sunni follows [[Sufism]] and 5 percent Shia.|website=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]] on Pakistan|access-date=1 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Pakistan&countryCode=pk&regionCode=sas&#pk |title=Religions: Muslim 96.4% (Sunni 75%, Shia 20%), other |year=2010 |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] |department=Pakistan (includes Christian and Hindu) 5% |access-date=28 August 2010 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226143549/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Pakistan&countryCode=pk&regionCode=sas&#pk |url-status=dead }}<br />- {{cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population%286%29.aspx |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |date=7 October 2009 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327201319/http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population%286%29.aspx |archive-date=27 March 2010 |editor-first=Tracy |editor-last=Miller |access-date=9 June 2010 }}<br />- {{cite book |url=http://pewforum.org/newassets/images/reports/Muslimpopulation/Muslimpopulation.pdf |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |date=October 2009 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Tracy |access-date=28 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113140829/http://pewforum.org/newassets/images/reports/Muslimpopulation/Muslimpopulation.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 January 2010 }}<br />- {{cite web |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108505.htm |title=Pakistan – International Religious Freedom Report 2008 |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] |date=19 September 2008 |access-date=28 August 2010 }}</ref> Shias represent between 5–25%.<ref name="LoC2"/><ref name="ciafactbook" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-executive-summary/ |title=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity |date=9 August 2012 |website=Pew Research Center |access-date=26 December 2016 |quote=On the other hand, in Pakistan, where 6% of the survey respondents identify as Shia, Sunni attitudes are more mixed: 50% say Shias are Muslims, while 41% say they are not. }}<br />- {{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Pakistan&countryCode=pk&regionCode=sas&#pk |title=Field Listing : Religions |year=2010 |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=24 August 2010 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226143549/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Pakistan&countryCode=pk&regionCode=sas&#pk |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Shia population in Pakistan was estimated at 42 million in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ammar Ali|last=Qureshi|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1515823|title=Non-fiction: Pakistan's Shia dynamics |date=10 November 2019|website=Dawn}}</ref> {{As of|2012}}, 12% of Pakistani Muslims self-identify as [[non-denominational Muslims]].<ref>{{cite web|date=9 August 2012|title=Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/|access-date=12 April 2022|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Ahmadiyya in Pakistan|Ahmadis]] are a minority, officially considered non-Muslims.<ref>The 1998 Pakistani census states that there are 291,000 (0.22%) Ahmadis in Pakistan. However, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has boycotted the census since 1974 which renders official Pakistani figures to be inaccurate. Independent groups have estimated the Pakistani Ahmadiyya population to be somewhere between 2 million and 4 million Ahmadis. However, the 4 million figure is the most quoted figure and is approximately 2.2% of the country. See:
* over 2 million: {{cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49913b5f2c.html |title=Pakistan: The situation of Ahmadis, including legal status and political, education and employment rights; societal attitudes toward Ahmadis (2006 – Nov. 2008) |date=4 December 2008 |author=Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada|access-date=28 June 2012}}
* 3 million: International Federation for Human Rights: ''International Fact-Finding Mission. Freedoms of Expression, of Association and of Assembly in Pakistan.'' Ausgabe 408/2, January 2005, S. 61 ([http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/pk408a-2.pdf PDF])
* 3–4 million: Commission on International Religious Freedom: ''Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom.'' 2005, S. 130
* {{cite web |url=http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=IRBC&type=QUERYRESPONSE&coi=PAK&rid=&docid=45f1478f20&skip=0 |title=Pakistan: Situation of members of the Lahori Ahmadiyya Movement in Pakistan|access-date=30 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108505.htm |title=International Religious Freedom Report 2008: Pakistan |date=19 September 2008 |publisher=[[United States Department of State|US State Department]]|access-date=24 June 2010}}</ref> Ahmadis face persecution, banned from calling themselves Muslims since 1974.<ref>New Approaches to the Analysis of Jihadism: Online and Offline, p. 38, Rüdiger Lohlker{{Snd}} 2012</ref>

==== Hinduism ====
{{Main|Hinduism in Pakistan}}
[[File:Hindu Proportion by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|
<div style="text-align: center">Hindu proportion of each Pakistani District in 2017 according to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics</div>]]

[[Hinduism in Pakistan|Hinduism]] is the second-largest religion, followed by 2.17% of the population according to the census in 2023.<ref name="2023 Census" /> Pakistan had the fifth-largest Hindu population globally in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/hindus/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables96/ |title=10 Countries With the Largest Hindu Populations, 2010 and 2050 |date=2 April 2015 |website=Pew Research Center |access-date=13 January 2017 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226143905/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/hindus/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables96/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2023, Hindus numbered 5,217,216.<ref name="2023 Census" />{{efn|This number includes population of the Hindu (Jati) and the scheduled castes.}} They reside across Pakistan but are concentrated in [[Sindh]], where they make up 8.81% of the population.<ref name="2023 Census" /> [[Umerkot district]] of the province is the only Hindu majority area. [[Tharparkar district]] hosts the largest Hindu population. Four districts – Umerkot, Tharparkar, [[Mirpurkhas District|Mirpurkhas]], and [[Sanghar District|Sanghar]] – have over half of Pakistan's Hindus.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population By Sex, Religion and Rural/Urban, Census - 2023 {{!}} Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/sindh/dcr/table_9.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726222045/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/sindh/dcr/table_9.pdf |archive-date=26 July 2024}}</ref>

At Pakistan's inception, the 'hostage theory' suggested fair treatment of Hindus to safeguard Muslims in India.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n5c9ta97GeoC&pg=PA72 |title=The Long Partition and the Making of Modern South Asia: Refugees, Boundaries, Histories |last=Zamindar |first=Vazira Fazila-Yacoobali |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-231-13847-5 |page=72 |quote=The logic of the ''hostage theory'' tied the treatment of Muslim minorities in India to the treatment meted out to Hindus in Pakistan.}}</ref>{{R|Dhulipala-2015-6}} However, some Pakistani Hindus felt marginalized, leading to emigration to India.<ref name="bbc200703022">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6367773.stm |title=Hindus feel the heat in Pakistan |last=Sohail |first=Riaz |date=2 March 2007 |work=BBC News |quote=But many Hindu families who stayed in Pakistan after partition have already lost faith and migrated to India.|access-date=22 February 2011}}</ref> They faced violence post the [[Babri Masjid demolition]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE2DD113BF93BA35751C1A964958260&sec=&spon= |title=Pakistanis Attack 30 Hindu Temples |date=7 December 1992 |newspaper=The New York Times |quote=Muslims attacked more than 30 Hindu temples across Pakistan today, and the Government of this overwhelmingly Muslim nation closed offices and schools for a day to protest the destruction of a mosque in India.|access-date=15 April 2011}}</ref> enduring [[Forced conversion of minority girls in Pakistan|forced conversions]] and abductions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pakistan: 25 Hindu girls abducted every month; forcibly converted to Islam &#124; Responsible for Equality And Liberty (R.E.A.L.)|url=http://www.realcourage.org/2010/03/pakistan-25-hindu-girls-abducted-every-month/|access-date=12 April 2022|website=www.realcourage.org}}</ref>

==== Christianity and other religions ====
{{Main|Christianity in Pakistan}}
[[File:Christian Proportion by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|
<div style="text-align: center">Christian proportion of each Pakistani District in 2017 according to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics</div>]]

Christians are the next largest religious minority after Hindus, constituting 1.37% of the population.<ref name="2023 Census"/> They are concentrated in [[Lahore District]] (5%) and [[Islamabad Capital Territory]] (over 4%). Karachi hosts a historic [[Roman Catholicism in Pakistan|Roman Catholic]] community established by [[Goa]]n and [[Tamil people|Tamil]] migrants during British colonial rule.<ref name="Districtwise">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/district-wise-census-2017-results|title=District wise census|access-date=12 August 2021|archive-date=4 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804025540/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/district-wise-census-2017-results|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Following Christianity, the [[Bahá'í Faith in Pakistan|Bahá'í Faith]] had 30,000 followers in 2008, followed by Sikhism, Buddhism, and [[Zoroastrianism]], each with around 20,000 adherents in 2008,<ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan—International Religious Freedom Report 2008 |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108505.htm |access-date=28 August 2010 |quote=The majority of Muslims in the country are Sunni, with a Shi'a minority ranging between 10 to 20 percent.|year=2008 |publisher=[[United States Department of State]]}}</ref> alongside a small [[Jainism in Pakistan|Jain community]].