Editing Pain (section)

===Plants===
While [[plants]], as living beings, can perceive and communicate physical stimuli and damage, they do not feel pain simply because of the lack of any pain receptors, nerves, or a brain,<ref name="EncyBrit"/> and, by extension, a lack of consciousness.<ref>{{cite journal| last1 = Draguhn| first1 = Andreas | last2 = Mallatt| first2 = Jon M. | last3 = Robinson| first3 = David G. | author-link = | title = Anesthetics and plants: no pain, no brain, and therefore no consciousness| journal = Protoplasma| volume = 258| issue = 2| pages = 239–248| publisher = Springer | date = 2021| language = | jstor = | issn = | doi = 10.1007/s00709-020-01550-9| pmid = 32880005 | pmc = 7907021 | bibcode = 2021Prpls.258..239D | id = 32880005| mr = | zbl = | jfm = }}</ref> Many plants are known to perceive and respond to mechanical stimuli at a cellular level, and some plants such as the [[venus flytrap]] or [[Mimosa pudica|touch-me-not]], are known for their "obvious sensory abilities".<ref name="EncyBrit"/> Nevertheless, no member of the plant kingdom does feel pain notwithstanding their abilities to respond to sunlight, gravity, wind, and any external stimuli such as insect bites since they lack any nervous system. The primary reason for this is that, unlike the members of the [[Animal|animal kingdom]] whose evolutionary successes and failures are shaped by suffering, the evolution of plants are simply shaped by life and death.<ref name="EncyBrit">{{cite web
| url = https://www.britannica.com/story/do-plants-feel-pain
| title = Do Plants Feel Pain?
| last = Petruzzello
| first = Melissa
| date = 2016
| website = Encyclopedia Britannica
| access-date = 8 January 2023
| quote = Given that plants do not have pain receptors, nerves, or a brain, they do not feel pain as we members of the animal kingdom understand it. Uprooting a carrot or trimming a hedge is not a form of botanical torture, and you can bite into that apple without worry.
| archive-date = 5 September 2023
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230905171721/https://www.britannica.com/story/do-plants-feel-pain
| url-status = live
}}</ref>