Editing Mongolian language (section)

===Clauses===
Unmarked phrase order is [[subject (grammar)|subject]]–[[object (grammar)|object]]–predicate.<ref>Guntsetseg (2008): 54.</ref><ref name=":2" /> While the predicate generally has to remain in clause-final position, the other phrases are free to change order or to wholly disappear.<ref>Tserenpil and Kullmann (2005): 88, 363–364.</ref> The topic tends to be placed clause-initially, new information rather at the end of the clause.<ref>Apatoczky (2005)</ref> Topic can be overtly marked with ''bol'', which can also mark contrastive focus,<ref>Hammar (1983): 45–80.</ref> overt additive focus ('even, also') can be marked with the clitic ''ch'',<ref>Kang (2000)</ref> and overt restrictive focus with the clitic ''l'' ('only').<ref>Tserenpil and Kullmann (2005): 348–349.</ref>

The inventory of [[Grammatical voice|voices]] in Mongolian consists of passive, [[causative]], [[reciprocal (grammar)|reciprocal]], [[plurative]], and cooperative. In a passive sentence, the verb takes the suffix -''gd''- and the agent takes either dative or instrumental case, the first of which is more common. In the causative, the verb takes the suffix -''uul''-, the causee (the person caused to do something) in a transitive action (e.g. 'raise') takes dative or instrumental case, and the causee in an intransitive action (e.g. 'rise') takes accusative case. Causative morphology is also used in some passive contexts:

{{interlinear|indent=3
|Bi tüün-d khuurt-san
|I that.one-DAT fool-CAUS-PRF
|'I was fooled by her/him'.}}

The semantic attribute of [[animacy]] is syntactically important: thus the sentence, 'the bread was eaten by me', which is acceptable in English, would not be acceptable in Mongolian. The reciprocal voice is marked by -''ld''-, the plurative by -''cgaa''-, and the cooperative by -''lc''-.<ref>Sečenbaγatur (2003): 116–123.</ref>

Mongolian allows for adjectival depictives that relate to either the subject or the direct object, e.g. ''Liena nücgen untdag'' 'Lena sleeps naked', while adjectival resultatives are marginal.<ref>Brosig (2009)</ref>