Editing Moldova (section)

===Media===
{{main|Media of Moldova|Television in Moldova|Cinema of Moldova|List of newspapers in Moldova}}
The right to [[freedom of speech]] and [[right to information]] are guaranteed by the [[Moldovan constitution]]. [[Reporters Without Borders]] improved Moldova's [[World Press Freedom Index|Press Freedom Index]] ranking to 28th in 2023 from 89th in 2020, partly due to government legal reforms which made it easier for journalists to access official information.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2020 |title=Moldova {{!}} RSF |url=https://rsf.org/en/country/moldova |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=[[Reporters Without Borders]] |language=en |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705135655/https://rsf.org/en/country/moldova |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cojocari |first=Vitalie |title=Why Moldova is ahead of Romania in Media freedom |url=https://www.thomsonfoundation.org/latest/why-moldova-is-ahead-of-romania-in-media-freedom/ |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=[[Thomson Foundation]] |language=en |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707163121/https://www.thomsonfoundation.org/latest/why-moldova-is-ahead-of-romania-in-media-freedom/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, they cautioned that "Moldova's media are diverse but extremely polarised, like the country itself, which is marked by political instability and excessive influence by oligarchs." Moldova's media are divided into pro-Russian and pro-Western camps and on party political lines.<ref name="BBC News-2022">{{Cite news |date=July 2022 |title=Moldova media guide |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17602346 |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707163031/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17602346 |url-status=live }}</ref> Oligarchs and political leaders strongly influence their editorial stances.

Television remains the most popular and trusted medium, while online social media is exerting increasing influence. Most private [[FM broadcasting|FM radio networks]] rebroadcast output from Russian and Romanian stations.<ref name="BBC News-2022" /> The first [[Public broadcasting|publicly funded national radio broadcaster]], [[Radio Moldova]], has been broadcasting since 1939 from the capital city, Chişinău. [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] is also widely available. Moldova's state-owned national radio-TV broadcaster is [[Teleradio-Moldova]] (TRM), which broadcasts the TV channel [[Moldova 1]].

There were 3 million internet users by July 2022, approximately 76% of the population, and digital infrastructure is well-developed, with 98% [[4G]] coverage of territory. There are a number of daily and weekly newspapers published in Moldova, among the most popular being ''[[Timpul de dimineață]]'' and ''[[Moldova Suverană]],'' but print media has an overall small audience in Moldova''.'' [[Independent media]] are struggling to ensure financial sustainability in the face of diminishing advertisement revenues due to inflation, economic stagnation and uncertainty caused by Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

In 2022, the government removed the broadcasting licenses from six television stations for broadcasting [[Propaganda in Russia|pro-Russian propaganda]] and disinformation about [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russia's invasion of Ukraine]] in violation of the country's Audiovisual Services Code.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2022 |title=Six TV channels suspended amid 'misinformation' allegations |url=https://www.euronews.com/2022/12/19/six-tv-channels-suspended-in-moldova-amid-misinformation-allegations |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=euronews |language=en |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162747/https://www.euronews.com/2022/12/19/six-tv-channels-suspended-in-moldova-amid-misinformation-allegations |url-status=live }}</ref> The government stated that this was done in order to "prevent the risk of disinformation or attempts to manipulate public opinion".<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2022 |title=Moldova suspends six channels over Ukraine 'disinformation' – DW – 12/17/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/moldova-suspends-six-channels-over-ukraine-disinformation/a-64137437 |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=en |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162936/https://www.dw.com/en/moldova-suspends-six-channels-over-ukraine-disinformation/a-64137437 |url-status=live }}</ref> All six were either owned or affiliated with [[Ilan Shor|Ilan Șhor]], a fugitive pro-Russian politician and businessman who fled to Israel in 2019 after being convicted of fraud and money-laundering and sentenced to 15 years in prison ''in absentia''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 December 2022 |title=Moldovan Government Suspends Licenses Of Six TV Stations To 'Eliminate Propaganda' |language=en |work=[[RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty]] |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/moldova-ilan-shor-tv-stations-licenses-suspended-russia-war/32180842.html |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162923/https://www.rferl.org/a/moldova-ilan-shor-tv-stations-licenses-suspended-russia-war/32180842.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2023 Orizont TV, ITV, Prime, Publika TV, Canal 2 and Canal 3 were also banned for undermining the local elections as well as blocking a number of Russian media outlets which includes the news agencies TASS and Interfax.<ref>{{cite web |title=Moldova blocks more Russian media outlets |url=https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2023/10/31/moldova-blocks-more-russian-media-outlets/ |date=31 October 2023 |access-date=7 June 2024 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103191905/https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2023/10/31/moldova-blocks-more-russian-media-outlets/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[cinema of Moldova]] developed in the 1960s during the Soviet period, nurturing a small but lively film industry.<ref name="Johnson-2018">{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Glen |date=5 August 2018 |title=Tiny Moldova was once a movie-making capital. A few diehards are trying to keep the tradition alive |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-moldova-film-20180805-story.html |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en-US |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707161656/https://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-moldova-film-20180805-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and Moldova's independence, the country's economic stagnation and poverty has hampered the Moldovan film industry.<ref name="Johnson-2018" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Marcus |date=8 November 2012 |title=Learn About Moldova's Brave Little Film Industry |url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/moldova/articles/beyond-the-eastern-bloc-the-best-of-moldovan-film/ |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=Culture Trip |language=en |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707163833/https://theculturetrip.com/europe/moldova/articles/beyond-the-eastern-bloc-the-best-of-moldovan-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Nevertheless, some films have seen some international success. Perhaps best-known are ''[[Lăutarii]]'' (1972), written and directed by Moldovan film-maker [[Emil Loteanu]], and ''[[Wedding in Bessarabia]]'' (2009), which was co-produced by Romania, Moldova, and Luxembourg. In recent years Moldovan cinema has gained greater international attention. ''Carbon'' (2022), directed by Ion Borş, received positive acclaim by magazines such as Variety.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=15 June 2023 |title=Echoes of the Ukraine War Haunt the Moldovan Tragicomedy 'Carbon,' About a Post-Soviet Conflict Lost to History |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/urkaine-war-moldova-carbon-1235645182/ |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162900/https://variety.com/2023/film/global/urkaine-war-moldova-carbon-1235645182/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was the winner of the [[Transilvania International Film Festival]]'s Audience Award.<ref>{{Citation |title=Carbon |url=https://mubi.com/films/carbon-2022 |access-date=7 July 2023 |language=en |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707163008/https://mubi.com/films/carbon-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> For the 37th edition of the [[Fribourg International Film Festival]], Moldova was featured in its 'New Territory' section, which celebrates little-known film-making cultures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Between irony and poetry: the Republic of Moldova at FIFF {{!}} Festival International de Films de Fribourg |url=https://www.fiff.ch/en/between-irony-and-poetry-republic-moldova-fiff |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=www.fiff.ch |language=en |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162742/https://www.fiff.ch/en/between-irony-and-poetry-republic-moldova-fiff |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2022, the [[United Nations Development Programme]] announced that it would be using state-of-the-art equipment to transfer more than 1,600 films from the [[Moldova-Film]] archive for posterity and [[cultural preservation]]. The United States assisted by equipping in 2021 a [[digitization|digitisation]] laboratory to restore and preserve its archive feature and documentary films, representing an important part of Moldova's historical, cultural, and artistic heritage, and many of the films were broadcast on national TV with Romanian subtitles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=More than 1,600 films from Moldova Film archive will be digitized, with the support of the European Union and the U.S. Government {{!}} United Nations Development Programme |url=https://www.undp.org/moldova/press-releases/more-1600-films-moldova-film-archive-will-be-digitized-support-european-union-and-us-government |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=UNDP |language=en |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707180256/https://www.undp.org/moldova/press-releases/more-1600-films-moldova-film-archive-will-be-digitized-support-european-union-and-us-government |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Technical Difficulties |url=https://md.usembassy.gov/rediscovering-moldovas-cinema-heritage/ |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=md.usembassy.gov |date=25 February 2021 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162946/https://md.usembassy.gov/rediscovering-moldovas-cinema-heritage/ |url-status=live }}</ref>