Editing Modafinil (section)

===Economics===
Originally developed in the 1970s by French neuroscientist Michel Jouvet and Lafon Laboratories, modafinil has been prescribed in France since 1994,<ref name="Denis-2021">{{cite journal|vauthors=Denis F|date=2021|title=Smart drugs et nootropiques|journal=Socio-anthropologie|issue=43|pages=97–110|doi=10.4000/socio-anthropologie.8393|s2cid=237863162|issn=1276-8707|doi-access=free|title-link=doi|volume=43 |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03264161/file/DENIS_F%C3%A9lix_2021.pdf|access-date=February 2, 2024|archive-date=January 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108000038/https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03264161/file/DENIS_F%C3%A9lix_2021.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="pmid37839272"/> and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1998.<ref name="Provigil FDA label" /><ref name="pmid37839272"/>

<!-- Please see [[Talk:Modafinil#Citation after each sentence in Society and culture/economy section]] before adding/removing sources and asking for sources in the following paragraph]] -->
Concerns have been raised about the growing use of modafinil as a "smart drug" or cognitive enhancer among healthy individuals who use it with the aim to improve concentration and memory.<ref name="O'Connor-2004"/><ref name="Petrounin-2014"/> In 2003, modafinil sales were skyrocketing, with some experts concerned that it had become a tempting pick-me-up for people looking for an extra edge in a productivity-obsessed society.<ref name="O'Connor-2004"/> The cost of modafinil varied depending on factors such as location and insurance coverage;<ref name="O'Connor-2004" /><ref name="Petrounin-2014" /><ref name="Kanter-2013" /> still, in 2004, the price of modafinil in the US was around $120 or more per monthly supply.<ref name="O'Connor-2004" /> However, the availability of generic versions has increased since then and may have driven down prices.<ref name="O'Connor-2004">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/29/health/wakefulness-finds-a-powerful-ally.html |title=Wakefulness Finds a Powerful Ally|vauthors=O'Connor A|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 29, 2004 |access-date=December 2, 2023 |archive-date=December 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202005726/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/29/health/wakefulness-finds-a-powerful-ally.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Petrounin-2014">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/07/world/europe/european-students-use-of-smart-drugs-is-said-to-rise.html |title=European Students' Use of 'Smart Drugs' is Said to Rise |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 6, 2014 |vauthors=Petrounin D |access-date=December 2, 2023 |archive-date=December 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202005728/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/07/world/europe/european-students-use-of-smart-drugs-is-said-to-rise.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Kanter-2013">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/20/business/global/eu-fines-drug-companies-for-delaying-generics.html |title=Europe Fines Drug Companies for Delaying Generics |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 19, 2013 |vauthors=Kanter J |access-date=December 2, 2023 |archive-date=December 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202005731/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/20/business/global/eu-fines-drug-companies-for-delaying-generics.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2020, modafinil was the 302nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with just over 1,000,000 prescriptions.<ref name="Modafinil - Drug Usage Statistics">{{cite web | title = Modafinil – Drug Usage Statistics | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Modafinil | access-date = October 7, 2022 | archive-date = June 6, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230606002027/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Modafinil | url-status = live }}</ref>

{{As of|2024|post=,}} the global sales figures for modafinil are not known. Still, modafinil sold under the brand name Provigil accounted for over 40% of [[Cephalon]]'s global turnover for several years, according to the information published in 2020.<ref name="Pay-For-Delay - EC fines">{{cite news | url=https://www.cuatrecasas.com/en/global/art/pay-for-delay-ec-fines-teva-cephalon-delaying-entry-generic-version-modafinil-market | title='Pay-For-Delay': The EC fines Teva and Cephalon for delaying the market entry of a generic version of Modafinil | newspaper=Cuatrecasas | access-date=November 16, 2023 | archive-date=November 16, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116214034/https://www.cuatrecasas.com/en/global/art/pay-for-delay-ec-fines-teva-cephalon-delaying-entry-generic-version-modafinil-market | url-status=live }}</ref>