Editing Israeli settlement (section)

== Dismantling of settlements ==
{{Further|Israel's unilateral disengagement plan}}
[[File:Yamit evacuation 3.jpg|thumb|upright|IDF soldiers evacuating [[Yamit]], 1982]]
An early evacuation took place in 1982 as part of the Egypt–Israel peace treaty, when Israel was required to evacuate its settlers from the 18 Sinai settlements. Arab parties to the conflict had demanded the dismantlement of the settlements as a condition for peace with Israel. The evacuation was carried out with force in some instances, for example in [[Yamit]]. The settlements were demolished, as it was feared that settlers might try to return to their homes after the evacuation.

[[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan|Israel's unilateral disengagement]] from the Gaza Strip took place in 2005. It involved the evacuation of settlements in the Gaza Strip and part of the West Bank, including all 21 settlements in Gaza and four in the West Bank, while retaining control over Gaza's borders, coastline, and airspace. Most of these settlements had existed since the early 1980s, some were over 30 years old;<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dromi|first=Shai M.|title=Uneasy Settlements: Reparation Politics and the Meanings of Money in the Israeli Withdrawal from Gaza|journal=Sociological Inquiry|year=2014|volume=48|issue=1|pages=294–315|doi=10.1111/soin.12028|url=https://zenodo.org/record/976461|access-date=20 April 2018|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026163232/https://zenodo.org/record/976461|url-status=live}}<!--|access-date=23 December 2013--></ref> the total population involved was more than 8,000.<ref>“Palestine: The Forgotten Reality,” Le Monde Diplomatique, December 2005, online at https://www.globalpolicy.org/security-council/index-of-countries-on-the-security-council-agenda/israel-palestine-and-the-occupied-territories/38326 .

htl.</ref> There was significant opposition to the plan among parts of the Israeli public, and especially those living in the territories. [[George W. Bush]] said that a permanent peace deal would have to reflect "demographic realities" in the West Bank regarding Israel's settlements.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4382343.stm|title=US will accept Israel settlements|work=BBC News|date=25 March 2005|access-date=22 April 2005|archive-date=24 June 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060624181543/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4382343.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Israeli human rights group [[Gisha (human rights organization)|GISHA]] maintains that despite the disengagement, Israel continues to occupy Gaza because it maintains its control over the area. For example, Israel maintains control over Gaza's airspace and waters, its borders (specifically, passage of goods and people to and from Gaza), the population registry, its telecommunications networks, and the collection of customs and tax on imports. GISHA also reports that Israel continues to control Gaza's infrastructure through its control over the supply of resources such as electricity. In addition, under the disengagement plan, Israel can prevent the PA from reopening its airport or seaport.<ref name="Sara M. Roy">{{cite book |author=Sara M. Roy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXAqjgEACAAJ&pg=PA |title=The Gaza Strip |publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies USA, Incorporated |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-88728-321-5 |pages=lxxii |access-date=23 January 2024 |archive-date=11 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311045308/https://books.google.com/books?id=gXAqjgEACAAJ&pg=PA |url-status=live }}</ref>

Within the former settlements, almost all buildings were demolished by Israel, with the exception of certain government and religious structures, which were completely emptied. Under an international arrangement, greenhouses were left to assist the Palestinian economy although half had been demolished by the settlers two months prior to the disengagement.<ref>Erlanger, S. (2005). Israeli Settlers Demolish Greenhouses and Gaza Jobs. N.Y. Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/15/world/middleeast/israeli-settlers-demolish-greenhouses-and-gaza-jobs.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121163125/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/15/world/middleeast/israeli-settlers-demolish-greenhouses-and-gaza-jobs.html |date=21 November 2023 }}</ref> The reduction in greenhouse space and increased restrictions on exports reduced the viability of the project.<ref>{{Cite news |title='All the Dreams We Had Are Now Gone' |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2007-07-19/ty-article/all-the-dreams-we-had-are-now-gone/0000017f-df03-df7c-a5ff-df7b30140000 |access-date=2024-01-21 |work=Haaretz |language=en |archive-date=14 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514204656/https://www.haaretz.com/2007-07-19/ty-article/all-the-dreams-we-had-are-now-gone/0000017f-df03-df7c-a5ff-df7b30140000 |url-status=live }}</ref> After the redeployment of Israeli troops to the Gaza border, 30% of the greenhouses suffered various degrees of damage due to Palestinian looters stealing, for example, hoses and irrigation equipment.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna9331863 Looters strip Gaza greenhouses], NBC News, [[Associated Press]], 13 September 2005.</ref> Following the withdrawal, many of the former synagogues were torched and destroyed by Palestinians.<ref name="t2005-09-12">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article565679.ece|title=Synagogues burn in Gaza|last=Freeman|first=Simon|date=12 September 2005|work=The Times|access-date=7 September 2010|archive-date=18 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718122127/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article565679.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Some believe that settlements need not necessarily be dismantled and evacuated, even if Israel withdraws from the territory where they stand, as they can remain under Palestinian rule. These ideas have been expressed both by left-wing Israelis,<ref name="A Cup of Tea in Old Jerusalem">{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.co.il/com/Advertising/Ysadeh/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991006195817/http://www.jpost.co.il/com/Advertising/Ysadeh/|archive-date=6 October 1999|title=A Cup of Tea in Old Jerusalem}}</ref> and by Palestinians who advocate the [[two-state solution]], and by extreme Israeli right-wingers and settlers<ref name="Interview: Israeli settler Avi Farhan">{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/5EB5E1B3-B64F-43DF-A588-1C40FDDB0A83.htm |title=Interview: Israeli settler Avi Farhan |access-date=12 November 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101013515/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/5EB5E1B3-B64F-43DF-A588-1C40FDDB0A83.htm |archive-date=1 November 2005}}</ref> who object to any dismantling and claim links to the land that are stronger than the political boundaries of the state of Israel.{{Clarify|reason=see invisible comment|date=February 2024}}<!-- this paragraph is murky. Are "some people saying" that settlers would stay on the land? but Israeli forces would withdraw? Is anybody saying that now, post-October 2023?

I don't think "pro-two state solution Palestinians" as well as right wingers & settlers are entertaining any overlapping concepts, like Jewish settlers living under a state of Palestine government -->

The Israeli government has often threatened to dismantle [[Israeli outpost|outposts]]. Some have actually been dismantled, occasionally with use of force; this led to [[Israeli settler violence|settler violence]].