Editing Islamism (section)

====Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi====
{{main|Abul Ala Maududi}}
{{see also|Jamaat-e-Islami}}

[[Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi]]<ref name="autogenerated5">{{cite web|url=http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/politics/mawdudi2.html|title=Maulana Maududi's Two-Nation Theory|publisher=Witness-pioneer.org|date=27 January 2012|access-date=21 April 2012|archive-date=10 November 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011110145907/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/politics/mawdudi2.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bonney1">{{cite book | quote=Mawdudi trained with two Deobandi ulama at the Fatihpuri mosque's seminary in Delhi and received his certificates to teach religious sciences (ijazahs) in 1926. |last=Bonney | first=R |title=Jihad: From Qur'an to Bin Laden | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan | location=Hampshire |year=2004 | page=201}}</ref> was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Maududi was an Islamist ideologue and Hanafi Sunni scholar active in [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad Deccan]] and later in [[Pakistan]]. Maududi was born to a clerical family and got his early education at home. At the age of eleven, he was admitted to a public school in [[Aurangabad]]. In 1919, he joined the [[Khilafat Movement]] and got closer to the scholars of [[Deobandi movement|Deoband]].{{sfn|Rahnema|2005|p=100}} He commenced the ''[[Dars-i Nizami]]'' education under supervision of Deobandi seminary at the Fatihpuri mosque in Delhi.{{sfn|Rahnema|2005|p=101}} Trained as a lawyer he worked as a journalist, and gained a wide audience with his books (translated into many languages) which placed Islam in a modern context. His writings had a profound impact on [[Sayyid Qutb]]. Maududi also founded the [[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan|Jamaat-e-Islami]] party in 1941 and remained its leader until 1972.{{sfn|Rahnema|2005|pp=104–110}}

In 1925, he wrote a book on Jihad, [[Al Jihad fil Islam|''al-Jihad fil-Islam'']] ({{langx|ar|الجهاد في الاسلام}}), that can be regarded as his first contribution to Islamism.{{sfn|Rahnema|2005|p=102}} Maududi believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia (influencing Qutb and Khomeini), and the establishment of an Islamic state to enforce it.<ref>Abu al-A'la al-Mawdudi, "Political Theory of Islam", in Khurshid Ahmad, ed., ''Islam: Its Meaning and Message'' (London: Islamic Council of Europe, 1976), pp. 159–61.</ref> The state would be based on the principles of: ''[[tawhid]]'' (unity of God), ''[[risalah (fiqh)|risala]]'' (prophethood) and ''[[khilafa]]'' (caliphate).<ref>Abu al-A'la al-Mawdudi, ''Islamic Way of Life'' (Delhi: Markazi Maktaba Islami, 1967), p. 40</ref><ref>Esposito and Piscatori, "Democratization and Islam", pp. 436–37, 440</ref><ref>Esposito, ''The Islamic Threat'', pp. 125–26; Voll and Esposito, ''Islam and Democracy'', pp. 23–26.</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= Abul A'la Maududi |url=http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/M_PIR/Default.htm |title=The Process of Islamic Revolution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908034259/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/M_PIR/Default.htm |archive-date=8 September 2015 |date=1980}}</ref> Maududi was uninterested in violent revolution or populist policies such as those of the [[Iranian Revolution]], but sought gradual change in the hearts and minds of individuals from the top of society downward through an educational process or ''da'wah''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nasr|first1=Seyyed Vali Reza|title=Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford and New York |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I07ykFUoKTUC&q=islam%20was%20a%20revolutionary%20ideology%20and%20a%20dynamic%20movement&pg=PA50 |ref=SVRN1996|page=77|isbn=978-0195357110}}
</ref><ref>Maududi on social justice: "a man who owns a car can drive it; and those who do not own one should walk; and those who are crippled cannot walk but can hop along." (''Nizam al-Hayat fi al-Islam'', 1st ed., n.d. (Bayrut: Musassast al-Risalah, 1983), p. 54) See also ''Radical Islamic Fundamentalism: the Ideological and Political Discourse of Sayyid Qutb'' by Ahmad S. Moussalli American University of Beirut, (1992)</ref> Maududi believed that Islam was all-encompassing: "Everything in the universe is 'Muslim' for it obeys God by submission to His laws."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://zulkiflihasan.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/towardsunderstanding.pdf|chapter=The Meaning of Islam|page=7|title=A. Maududi's 'Towards Understanding Islam'|date=June 2008|access-date=23 January 2023|archive-date=23 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123174239/https://zulkiflihasan.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/towardsunderstanding.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> "The man who denies God is called [[Kafir]] (concealer) because he conceals by his disbelief what is inherent in his nature and embalmed in his own soul."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://zulkiflihasan.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/towardsunderstanding.pdf|chapter=The Meaning of Islam|page=8|title=A. Maududi's 'Towards Understanding Islam'|date=June 2008|access-date=23 January 2023|archive-date=23 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123174239/https://zulkiflihasan.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/towardsunderstanding.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="towards-ICNA-1986">{{cite book |last1=Abul ʻAla Maudoodi |first1=Syed |title=Towards Understanding Islam |date=1986 |publisher=Islamic Circle of North America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FzgNAQAAMAAJ&q=Everything+in+the+universe+is+%27Muslim%27+for+it+obeys+God+by+submission+to+His+laws...+The+man+who+denies+God+is+called+%5B%5BKafir%5D%5D+(concealer)+because+he+conceals+by+his+disbelief+what+is+inherent+in+his+nature+and+embalmed+in+his+own+soul. |access-date=23 January 2023 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002215436/https://books.google.com/books?id=FzgNAQAAMAAJ&q=Everything%20in%20the%20universe%20is%20%27Muslim%27%20for%20it%20obeys%20God%20by%20submission%20to%20His%20laws...%20The%20man%20who%20denies%20God%20is%20called%20%5B%5BKafir%5D%5D%20%28concealer%29%20because%20he%20conceals%20by%20his%20disbelief%20what%20is%20inherent%20in%20his%20nature%20and%20embalmed%20in%20his%20own%20soul. |url-status=live }}</ref>