Editing History of the Internet (section)

===Networking in outer space===
{{Main|Interplanetary Internet}}
The first Internet link into [[low Earth orbit]] was established on January 22, 2010, when astronaut [[Timothy Creamer|T. J. Creamer]] posted the first unassisted update to his Twitter account from the [[International Space Station]], marking the extension of the Internet into space.<ref>{{cite tweet |first=T. J. |last=Creamer |user=Astro_TJ |number=8062317551 |title=Hello Twitterverse! We r now LIVE tweeting from the International Space Station -- the 1st live tweet from Space! :) More soon, send your ?s |date=2010-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108225641/https://twitter.com/Astro_TJ/status/8062317551 |archive-date=November 8, 2013 }}</ref> (Astronauts at the ISS had used email and Twitter before, but these messages had been relayed to the ground through a NASA data link before being posted by a human proxy.) This personal Web access, which NASA calls the Crew Support LAN, uses the space station's high-speed [[Ku band]] microwave link. To surf the Web, astronauts can use a station laptop computer to control a desktop computer on Earth, and they can talk to their families and friends on Earth using [[Voice over IP]] equipment.<ref>{{cite web | title=NASA Extends the World Wide Web Out Into Space | publisher=NASA | date=24 January 2010 | url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/jan/HQ_M10-011_Hawaii221169.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213014423/http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/jan/HQ_M10-011_Hawaii221169.html | archive-date=13 December 2010 | url-status=unfit | id=NASA media advisory M10-012}}</ref>

Communication with spacecraft beyond Earth orbit has traditionally been over point-to-point links through the [[Deep Space Network]]. Each such data link must be manually scheduled and configured. In the late 1990s NASA and Google began working on a new network protocol, [[delay-tolerant networking]] (DTN), which automates this process, allows networking of spaceborne transmission nodes, and takes the fact into account that spacecraft can temporarily lose contact because they move behind the Moon or planets, or because [[space weather]] disrupts the connection. Under such conditions, DTN retransmits data packages instead of dropping them, as the standard TCP/IP Internet Protocol does. NASA conducted the first field test of what it calls the "deep space internet" in November 2008.<ref>{{cite web | title=NASA Successfully Tests First Deep Space Internet | website=nasa.gov | date=19 November 2008 | url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2008/nov/HQ_08-298_Deep_space_internet.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124220808/http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2008/nov/HQ_08-298_Deep_space_internet.html | archive-date=24 November 2010 | url-status=unfit | id=NASA media advisory 08-298}}</ref> Testing of DTN-based communications between the International Space Station and Earth (now termed disruption-tolerant networking) has been ongoing since March 2009, and was scheduled to continue until March 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/DTN.html |title=Disruption Tolerant Networking for Space Operations (DTN). July 31, 2012 |access-date=August 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729092707/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/DTN.html |archive-date=July 29, 2012  }}</ref>{{update-inline|date=January 2025}}

This network technology is supposed to ultimately enable missions that involve multiple spacecraft where reliable inter-vessel communication might take precedence over vessel-to-Earth downlinks. According to a February 2011 statement by Google's [[Vint Cerf]], the so-called "bundle protocols" have been uploaded to NASA's [[EPOXI]] mission spacecraft (which is in orbit around the Sun) and communication with Earth has been tested at a distance of approximately 80 light seconds.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/021811-cerf-interplanetary-internet.html |title=Cerf: 2011 will be proving point for 'InterPlanetary Internet' |work=Network World interview with Vint Cerf |date=February 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524165936/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/021811-cerf-interplanetary-internet.html |archive-date=May 24, 2012  |access-date=April 23, 2012 }}</ref>