Editing History of South Africa (section)

===UN embargo===
On 16 December 1966, [[United Nations General Assembly]] Resolution 2202 A (XXI) identified apartheid as a "crime against humanity".
The Apartheid Convention, as it came to be known, was adopted by the General Assembly on 30 November 1973 with 91 member states voting in favour, four against (Portugal, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States) and 26 abstentions. The convention came into force on 18 July 1976. On 23 October 1984 the UN Security Council endorsed this formal determination. The convention declared that apartheid was both unlawful and criminal because it violated the [[Charter of the United Nations]].<ref>John Dugard, [http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/cspca/cspca.html ''Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid''], New York: UN Office of Legal Affairs, 2013. Accessed 26 July 2015</ref>
The General Assembly had already suspended South Africa from the UN organisation on 12 November 1974. On 4 November 1977, the Security Council imposed a mandatory arms embargo in terms of Resolution 181 calling upon all States to cease the sale and shipment of arms, ammunition and military vehicles to South Africa. The country would only be readmitted to the UN in 1994 following its transition to democracy.<ref>United Nations, [https://www.un.org/en/events/mandeladay/apartheid.shtml "Partner in the Struggle against Apartheid"]. Accessed 30 September 2015.</ref> Apartheid South Africa reacted to the UN arms embargo by strengthening its military ties with Israel, and establishing its own arms manufacturing industry with the help of Israel.<ref>Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi, ''The Israeli Connection: Whom Israel arms and why'', London: I B Tauris 1998, pp. 108–174 {{ISBN|1-85043-069-1}}</ref> Four hundred M-113A1 armoured personnel carriers, and 106mm recoilless rifles manufactured in the United States were delivered to South Africa via Israel.<ref>International Defence and Aid Fund, ''The Apartheid War Machine'', London, 1980.</ref>