Editing Haredi Judaism (section)

===Attitudes towards Zionism===
{{See also|Haredim and Zionism}}
From the founding of Zionism in the 1890s, Haredi Jews leaders voiced objections to its secular orientation.<ref name="Sherman1993">{{cite book|author=David Sherman|title=Judaism Confronts Modernity: Sermons and Essays by Rabbi David Sherman on the Meaning of Jewish Life and Ideals Today |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IG0wAAAAYAAJ |year=1993 |publisher=D. Sherman|isbn=978-0-620-18195-2|page=289|quote=The establishment of the State of Israel was bitterly opposed by the ultra-Orthodox who still have great difficulty in accepting it. In Mea Shearim, Yom Ha'Atzmaut, Israel Independence Day, is treated as a day of mourning. They act as if they would rather be under Arafat or Hussein.}}</ref><ref name="Halpern2">{{cite book |surname=Halpern |given=Ben |url={{Google books|id=2TxLAwAAQBAJ|plainurl=y}} |title=Social Foundations of Judaism |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publ. |year=2004 |isbn=1-59244-943-3 |editor-surname=Goldscheider |editor-given=Calvin |edition=2nd |place=Eugene, Or |pages=94–113 |chapter=The Rise and Reception of Zionism in the Nineteenth Century |editor-surname2=Neusner |editor-given2=Jacob |editor-link2=Jacob Neusner |chapter-url={{Google books|id=2TxLAwAAQBAJ|plainurl=y|page=94|keywords=|text=}} |orig-year=1990}}</ref> After the establishment of the State of Israel, some Haredi Jews observed the Israeli [[Independence Day (Israel)|Independence Day]] as a day of mourning and referred to Israeli state-holidays as ''byimey edeyhem'' ("idolatrous holidays").<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ruth Ebenstein |journal=Israel Studies |url=http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/israel_studies/v008/8.3ebenstein.html |issue=3 |volume=8 |year=2003 |publisher=Indiana University Press |page=149 |title=Remembered Through Rejection: Yom HaShoah in the Ashkenazi Haredi Daily Press, 1950-2000 |via=Project MUSE database |quote=A few years later, in the late 1990s, we find a striking twist to the Haredi rejection of the day. Both ''Ha-mod'ia'' and ''Yated Ne'eman'' usher in Yom HaShoah with trepidation. No longer was the day simply one they found offensive, but in their experience, it now marked the start of a week-long assault on Haredim for not observing the trilogy of secular Israel's national "holy days" — Yom HaShoah, Yom Hazikaron Lehaleley Zahal (the Memorial Day for Israel's war dead), and Yom Ha'atzmaut (Independence Day). Sparked, perhaps, by media coverage of Haredim ignoring memorial sirens, Haredim now felt attacked, even hunted down, for their rejection of the day during a period described by both Haredi newspapers with the Talmudic term ''byimey edeyhem'', referring to idolatrous holidays.}}</ref>

[[File:NKUSA.ORG at AIPAC protest 2005.JPG|thumb|275px|Members of [[Neturei Karta]] protest against Israel (Washington, 2005)]]
The chief political division among Haredi Jews has been in their approach to the State of Israel. After Israeli independence, different Haredi movements took varying positions on it. Only a minority of Haredi Jews consider themselves to be Zionists. Haredim who do not consider themselves Zionists fall into two-camps: non-Zionist, and anti-Zionist. Non-Zionist Haredim, who comprise the majority, do not object to the State of Israel as an independent Jewish state, and many even consider it to be positive, but they do not believe that it has any religious significance. Anti-Zionist Haredim, who are a minority, but are more publicly visible than the non-Zionist majority, believe that any Jewish independence prior to the coming of the Messiah is a sin.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/on-haredi-opposition-to-zionism-589807|title=Judaism: On Haredi opposition to Zionism|newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forward.com/opinion/411615/think-all-orthodox-jews-are-zionists-think-again/|title=Opinion &#124; Think All Orthodox Jews Are Zionists? Think Again.|website=The Forward| date=11 October 2018 |access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref>

The ideologically non-Zionist [[United Torah Judaism]] alliance comprising [[Agudat Yisrael]] and [[Degel HaTorah]] (and the umbrella organizations World Agudath Israel and [[Agudath Israel of America]]) represents a moderate and pragmatic stance of cooperation with the State of Israel, and participation in the political system. UTJ has been a participant in numerous coalition governments, seeking to influence state and society in a more religious direction and maintain welfare and religious funding policies. In general, their position is supportive of Israel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jewishchronicle.org/2008/03/31/agudath-israel-may-be-non-zionist-but-it-supports-israel-and-its-people/|title=Agudath Israel may be non-Zionist, but it supports Israel and its people |website=Jewishchronicle.org|date=March 31, 2008 |access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref>

Haredim who are stridently anti-Zionist are under the umbrella of [[Edah HaChareidis]], who reject participation in politics and state funding of its affiliated institutions, in contradistinction to Agudah-affiliated institutions. [[Neturei Karta]] is a very small activist organization of anti-Zionist Haredim, whose controversial activities have been strongly condemned, including by other anti-Zionist Haredim.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3340592,00.html |title = Satmar court slams Neturei Karta |newspaper = ynetnews|date = 15 December 2006 |last1 = Sela |first1 = Neta }}</ref> Haredi support is often required to form coalition governments in the [[Knesset]].

In recent years, some rebbes affiliated with Agudath Israel, such as the [[Sadigura (Hasidic dynasty)|Sadigura]] rebbe [[Avrohom Yaakov Friedman (fifth Sadigura rebbe)|Avrohom Yaakov Friedman]], have taken stances closer to the Israeli right wing on security, settlements and withdrawal from the Gaza Strip.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/hasidic-leader-yaakov-friedman-the-admor-of-sadigura-dies-at-84-1.491294|title=Hasidic Leader Yaakov Friedman, the Admor of Sadigura, Dies at 84|first=Yair|last=Ettinger|date=1 January 2013| access-date=21 August 2017|newspaper=Haaretz}}</ref>

[[Shas]] represents Sephardi and Mizrahi Haredim, and, while having many points in common with Ashkenazi Haredim, differs from them by its more enthusiastic support for the State of Israel and the IDF. The [[Sikrikim|Sikirim]] group is [[anti-Zionist]] group composed of Haredi Jews is considered a radical organization by Israelis.<ref name="Haaretz1.404855">{{cite news |date=1 January 2012 |title=Israeli politicians decry ultra-Orthodox protesters' use of Holocaust imagery |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/israeli-politicians-decry-ultra-orthodox-protesters-use-of-holocaust-imagery-1.404855 |accessdate=2012-01-06 |work=Haaretz}}</ref>