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====Austronesia==== {{Main article|Malay ghost myths|Ghosts in Filipino culture|Ghosts in Polynesian culture}} [[File:Paul Gauguin- Manao tupapau (The Spirit of the Dead Keep Watch).JPG|thumb|right|''[[Spirit of the Dead Watching]]'' by [[Paul Gauguin]] (1892)]] There are many [[Malay ghost myths]], remnants of old animist beliefs that have been shaped by later Hindu, Buddhist, and Muslim influences in the modern states of [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Brunei]]. Some ghost concepts such as the female vampires [[Pontianak (folklore)|Pontianak]] and [[Penanggalan]] are shared throughout the region. Ghosts are a popular theme in modern Malaysian and Indonesian films. There are also many references to [[ghosts in Filipino culture]], ranging from ancient legendary creatures such as the [[Manananggal]] and [[Tiyanak]] to more modern urban legends and horror films. The beliefs, legends and stories are as diverse as the people of the [[Philippines]]. There was widespread belief in [[ghosts in Polynesian culture]], some of which persists today. After death, a person's ghost normally traveled to the sky world or the underworld, but some could stay on earth. In many [[Polynesian culture|Polynesian]] legends, ghosts were often actively involved in the affairs of the living. Ghosts might also cause sickness or even invade the body of ordinary people, to be driven out through strong medicines.<ref>{{cite book |title=Hawaiian Legends of Ghosts and Ghost-Gods |last=Westervelt |first=William Drake |publisher=Forgotten Books |year=1985 |isbn=978-1-60506-964-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVd46sXgkSAC |access-date=2020-11-05 |archive-date=2023-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024085409/https://books.google.com/books?id=hVd46sXgkSAC |url-status=live }}</ref>
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