Editing Force (section)

=== Strong nuclear ===
{{main|Strong interaction}}
There are two "nuclear forces", which today are usually described as interactions that take place in quantum theories of particle physics. The [[strong nuclear force]] is the force responsible for the structural integrity of [[atomic nuclei]], and gains its name from its ability to overpower the electromagnetic repulsion between protons.<ref name=Cutnell/>{{rp|940}}<ref>{{cite OED|strong, 7.g ''physics'' |1058721983}}</ref>

The strong force is today understood to represent the [[Fundamental interaction|interaction]]s between [[quark]]s and [[gluon]]s as detailed by the theory of [[quantum chromodynamics]] (QCD).<ref>{{cite web |last=Stevens |first=Tab |title=Quantum-Chromodynamics: A Definition – Science Articles |date=10 July 2003 |url=http://www.physicspost.com/science-article-168.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016103116/http://www.physicspost.com/science-article-168.html |archive-date=2011-10-16 |access-date=2008-01-04}}</ref> The strong force is the [[fundamental force]] mediated by gluons, acting upon quarks, [[antiparticle|antiquarks]], and the gluons themselves. The strong force only acts ''directly'' upon elementary particles. A residual is observed between [[hadron]]s (notably, the [[nucleon]]s in atomic nuclei), known as the [[nuclear force]]. Here the strong force acts indirectly, transmitted as gluons that form part of the virtual pi and rho [[meson]]s, the classical transmitters of the nuclear force. The failure of many searches for [[free quark]]s has shown that the elementary particles affected are not directly observable. This phenomenon is called [[color confinement]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goldberg |first=Dave |title=The Standard Model in a Nutshell |date=2017 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-16759-6}}</ref>{{Rp|page=232}}