Editing Edinburgh (section)

==Transport==
{{Main|Transport in Edinburgh}}

===Air===
[[File:Edinburgh Airport - geograph.org.uk - 3588330.jpg|thumb|[[Edinburgh Airport]] is the busiest airport in Scotland and [[List of busiest airports in the United Kingdom|sixth busiest in the United Kingdom]].]]

[[Edinburgh Airport]] is Scotland's busiest airport and the principal international gateway to the capital, handling over 14.7&nbsp;million passengers; it was also the [[Busiest airports in the United Kingdom by total passenger traffic|sixth-busiest airport in the United Kingdom]] by total passengers in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A record year |url=http://www.edinburghairport.com/about-us/media-centre/press-releases/a-record-year/ |website=Edinburgh Airport |access-date=25 July 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805072703/https://www.edinburghairport.com/about-us/media-centre/press-releases/a-record-year/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Airport data 2018 |url=https://www.caa.co.uk/Data-and-analysis/UK-aviation-market/Airports/Datasets/UK-Airport-data/Airport-data-2018/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329195127/https://www.caa.co.uk/Data-and-analysis/UK-aviation-market/Airports/Datasets/UK-Airport-data/Airport-data-2018/ |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=20 March 2019 |website=UK Civil Aviation Authority }}</ref> In anticipation of rising passenger numbers, the former operator of the airport [[BAA Limited|BAA]] outlined a draft masterplan in 2011 to provide for the expansion of the airfield and the terminal building. In June 2012, [[Global Infrastructure Partners]] purchased the airport for £807 million.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 April 2012 |title=Edinburgh Airport sold to Global Infrastructure Partners for £807m |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-17814024 |url-status=live |access-date=22 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028092931/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-17814024 |archive-date=28 October 2018}}</ref> The possibility of building a second runway to cope with an increased number of aircraft movements has also been mooted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Edinburgh Airport Masterplan July 2011 |url=http://www.edinburghairport.com/docs/pdfs/edair_masterplan.pdf?sfvrsn=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215121919/http://www.edinburghairport.com/docs/pdfs/edair_masterplan.pdf?sfvrsn=2 |archive-date=15 February 2013 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Edinburgh Airport }}</ref>

===Buses===
[[File:Lothian_Buses_bus_769_(SN56_ACJ),_24_June_2014.jpg|thumb|A Lothian Bus on [[North Bridge, Edinburgh|North Bridge]]]]
Travel in Edinburgh is undertaken predominantly by bus. [[Lothian Buses]], the successor company to Edinburgh Corporation Transport Department, operates the majority of [[public transport bus service|city bus services]] within the city and to surrounding suburbs, with the most routes running via Princes Street. Services further afield operate from the [[Edinburgh Bus Station]] off [[St Andrew Square, Edinburgh|St Andrew Square]] and Waterloo Place and are operated mainly by [[Stagecoach East Scotland]], [[Scottish Citylink]], [[National Express Coaches]] and [[Borders Buses]].

Lothian Buses and [[McGill's Scotland East]] operate the city's branded public [[tour bus service|tour buses]]. The [[night bus]] service and airport buses are mainly operated by Lothian Buses link.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our company |url=http://lothianbuses.com/about-us/our-company/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923002142/http://lothianbuses.com/about-us/our-company/ |archive-date=23 September 2012 |access-date=9 February 2012 |publisher=Lothian Buses}}</ref> In 2019, Lothian Buses recorded 124.2 million passenger journeys.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Marketing|first=Lothian|title=Lothian Annual Accounts|url=https://www.lothianbuses.com/news/2019/06/were-investing-in-our-future/|access-date=17 February 2022|website=www.lothianbuses.com|date=13 June 2019 }}</ref>

To tackle [[traffic congestion]], Edinburgh is now served by six [[park & ride]] sites on the periphery of the city at Sheriffhall (in Midlothian), [[Ingliston]], [[Riccarton, Edinburgh|Riccarton]], [[Inverkeithing]] (in Fife), [[Newcraighall]] and [[Straiton, Loanhead|Straiton]] (in Midlothian). A [[Edinburgh congestion charge#Referendum|referendum]] of Edinburgh residents in February 2005 rejected a proposal to introduce [[Edinburgh congestion charge|congestion charging]] in the city.
<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 February 2005 |title=Edinburgh rejects congestion plan |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4287145.stm |url-status=live |access-date=8 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201072846/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4287145.stm |archive-date=1 December 2008}}</ref>

===Railway===
[[File:334038 sits at Edinburgh Waverley, 05 April 2013.JPG|thumb|left|A train preparing to depart from Edinburgh Waverley station]]
[[Edinburgh Waverley railway station|Edinburgh Waverley]] is the second-busiest railway station in Scotland, with only [[Glasgow Central railway station|Glasgow Central]] handling more passengers. On the evidence of passenger entries and exits between April 2015 and March 2016, Edinburgh Waverley is the fifth-busiest station outside London; it is also the UK's second biggest station in terms of the number of platforms and area size.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=June 2012 |editor-last=Pigott |editor-first=Nick |editor-link=Nick Pigott |title=Waterloo still London's busiest station |magazine=[[The Railway Magazine]] |location=Horncastle, Lincs |publisher=Mortons Media Group |volume=158 |page=6 |number=1334}}</ref> Waverley is the terminus for most trains arriving from [[London King's Cross railway station|London King's Cross]] and the departure point for many [[Rail transport in Scotland|rail services within Scotland]] operated by [[ScotRail]].

To the west of the city centre lies [[Haymarket railway station|Haymarket station]], which is an important commuter stop. Opened in 2003, [[Edinburgh Park railway station|Edinburgh Park]] station serves the Gyle business park in the west of the city and the nearby [[Gogarburn]] headquarters of the Royal Bank of Scotland. The [[Edinburgh Crossrail]] route connects Edinburgh Park with Haymarket, Edinburgh Waverley and the suburban stations of [[Brunstane railway station|Brunstane]] and [[Newcraighall railway station|Newcraighall]] in the east of the city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2001 |title=Edinburgh CrossRail project |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2001/12/729 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302034216/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2001/12/729 |archive-date=2 March 2013 |access-date=19 February 2013 |publisher=Scottish Government}}</ref> There are also commuter lines to [[Edinburgh Gateway]], [[South Gyle]] and Dalmeny, the latter serving [[South Queensferry]] by the Forth Bridges, and to [[Wester Hailes]] and [[Curriehill]] in the south-west of the city.

===Trams===
[[File:Edinburgh trams, Shandwick Place.JPG|thumb|Edinburgh Trams in Shandwick Place]]

[[Edinburgh Trams]] became operational on 31 May 2014. The city had been without a tram system since [[Edinburgh Corporation Tramways]] ceased on 16 November 1956.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wiseman |first=Richard Joseph Stewart |title=Edinburgh's Trams: The Last years |publisher=Stenlake Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-84033-343-5 |pages=2–3}}</ref> Following parliamentary approval in 2007, construction began in early 2008. The first stage of the project was expected to be completed by July 2011<ref name="operational">{{Cite news |date=25 October 2007 |title=Backing for capital tram system |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/7060835.stm |access-date=19 February 2013}}</ref> but, following delays caused by extra utility work and a long-running contractual dispute between the council and the main contractor, [[Bilfinger SE]], the project was rescheduled.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2009 |title=Train interchange delay threatens to push back tram project |url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/edinburgh/Train-interchange-delay-threatens-to.5471930.jp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205222212/http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/edinburgh/Train-interchange-delay-threatens-to.5471930.jp |archive-date=5 December 2010 |access-date=25 January 2010 |website=[[The Scotsman]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2014 |title=Tram testing set to increase |url=http://www.edinburghtrams.com/news/tram-testing-set-to-increase |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802143010/http://edinburghtrams.com/news/tram-testing-set-to-increase |archive-date=2 August 2014 |access-date=21 July 2014 |publisher=Edinburgh Trams}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2014 |title=Edinburgh trams start date is May 31 – Edinburgh Evening News |url=http://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/transport/edinburgh-trams-start-date-is-may-31-1-3396537 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505080849/http://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/transport/edinburgh-trams-start-date-is-may-31-1-3396537 |archive-date=5 May 2014 |access-date=21 July 2014 |publisher=Edinburghnews.scotsman.com}}</ref> The line opened in 2014 but had been cut short to {{cvt|8.7|mi|km}} in length, running from [[Edinburgh Airport tram stop|Edinburgh Airport]] To [[York Place, Edinburgh|York Place]] in the east end of the city.

The line was later extended north onto [[Leith]] and [[Newhaven, Edinburgh|Newhaven]], opening a further eight stops to passengers in June 2023. The York Place stop was replaced by a new island stop at [[Greenside, Edinburgh|Picardy Place]]. The original plan would have seen a second line run from Haymarket through [[Ravelston]] and [[Craigleith, Edinburgh|Craigleith]] to [[Granton, Edinburgh|Granton Square]] on the [[Waterfront Edinburgh]]. This was shelved in 2011 but is now once again under consideration, as is another line potentially linking the south of the city and the [[Edinburgh BioQuarter|Bioquarter]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Swanson |first=Ian |date=16 June 2023 |title=Edinburgh trams latest: What's next for Edinburgh trams? Extension plans for Granton, Musselburgh and Dalkeith |work=Edinburgh Evening News |url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/transport/edinburgh-trams-latest-whats-next-for-edinburgh-trams-extension-plans-for-granton-musselburgh-and-dalkeith-4186044 }}</ref> There were also long-term plans for lines running west from the airport to [[Ratho]] and [[Newbridge, Edinburgh|Newbridge]] and another connecting [[Granton, Edinburgh|Granton]] to Newhaven via Lower Granton Road. Lothian Buses and Edinburgh Trams are both owned and operated by [[Transport for Edinburgh]].

Despite its modern transport links, in January 2021, Edinburgh was named the most congested city in the UK for the fourth year running, though it has since fallen to 7th place in 2022
<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brazell |first=Emma |date=10 January 2023 |title=Map reveals UK's most congested cities and it's getting worse than pre-Covid |work=Metro |url=https://metro.co.uk/2023/01/10/worlds-most-congested-cities-revealed-in-new-study-18069830/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19007009.edinburgh-named-congested-city-uk-fourth-year-running/ |title=Scottish city tops UK's congestion ratings for fourth year running |website=HeraldScotland|date=13 January 2021 }}</ref>