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=== "Thirty glorious years" === {{Further|Trente Glorieuses}} {{Conservatism in France}}With the Algerian conflict behind him, de Gaulle was able to achieve his two main objectives, the reform and development of the French economy, and the promotion of an independent foreign policy and a strong presence on the international stage. This was named by foreign observers the "politics of grandeur".<ref name="Kolodziej">{{cite book |last=Kolodziej |first=Edward A |title=French International Policy under de Gaulle and Pompidou: The Politics of Grandeur |year=1974 |page=618}}</ref> In the immediate post-war years France was in poor shape;<ref name="Macksey">Macksey, Kenneth (1966) ''[[Purnell's History of the Second World War]]'': No. 123. "The Liberation of Paris"</ref> wages remained at around half prewar levels, the winter of 1946–1947 did extensive damage to crops, leading to a reduction in the bread ration, hunger and disease remained rife and the black market continued to flourish. Germany was in an even worse position, but after 1948 things began to improve dramatically with the introduction of [[Marshall Aid]]—large scale American financial assistance given to help rebuild European economies and infrastructure. This laid the foundations of a meticulously planned program of investments in energy, transport and heavy industry, overseen by the government of Prime Minister [[Georges Pompidou]]. Aided by these projects, the French economy recorded growth rates unrivalled since the 19th century. In 1964, for the first time in nearly 100 years<ref>France's GDP was slightly higher than the UK's at the beginning of the 19th century, with the UK surpassing France around 1870. See e.g., {{cite book|last=Maddison|first=Angus|title=L'économie mondiale 1820–1992: analyse et statistiques|year=1995|publisher=OECD Publishing|isbn=978-92-64-24549-5|page=248|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A5BFpqBqQ_gC&pg=PA248|access-date=24 August 2020|archive-date=14 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214235848/https://books.google.com/books?id=A5BFpqBqQ_gC&lpg=PA248|url-status=live}}</ref> France's GDP overtook that of the United Kingdom for a time. This period is remembered in France as the peak of the ''[[Trente Glorieuses]]'' ("Thirty Glorious Years" of economic growth between 1945 and 1974).<ref name="Haine">{{cite book|last=Haine|first=W. Scott|title=Culture and Customs of France|year=1974|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006|place=Westport CT|isbn=978-0-313-32892-3|page=315}}</ref>
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