Editing Bordeaux (section)

=== Slavery memorials ===
Slavery was part of a growing drive for the city. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Bordeaux was an important [[Slave Trade|slave port]], which saw some 500 slave expeditions that cause the deportation of 150,000 Africans by Bordeaux shipowners.<ref>{{Cite book |last=François Hubert, Christian Block and Jacques de Cauna |title=Bordeaux in the 18th century: trans-Atlantic trading and slavery |publisher=Le Festin |year=2010 |isbn=978-2-36062-009-8 |location=Bordeaux}}</ref> Secondly, even though the "[[Triangular trade]]" represented only 5% of Bordeaux's wealth, the city's direct trade with the Caribbean, that accounted for the other 95%, concerns the colonial stuffs made by the slave (sugar, coffee, cocoa).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20190224-bordeaux-slavery-museum-seeks-change-narrative-slave-trade-past |title=Bordeaux museum working to change narrative on slavery past |date=24 February 2019 |website=RFI |access-date=7 January 2021 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029161157/https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20190224-bordeaux-slavery-museum-seeks-change-narrative-slave-trade-past |url-status=live}}</ref> And thirdly, in that same period, a major migratory movement by Aquitanians took place to the Caribbean colonies, with [[Saint-Domingue]] (now [[Haiti]]) being the most popular destination. 40% of the white population of the island came from [[Aquitaine]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jacques de Cauna |title=''L'Eldorado des Aquitains. Gascons, Basques et Béarnais aux Îles d'Amérique'' |publisher=Atlantica |year=1998 |isbn=978-2-84394-073-6 |location=Biarritz}}</ref> They prospered with [[Plantation economy|plantations]] incomes, until the [[Haitian Revolution|first slave revolts]] which concluded in 1848 in the final abolition of slavery in France.<ref name="musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr">{{Cite web |url=http://www.musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr/en/article/bordeaux-18th-century-trans-atlantic-trading-and-slavery |title=Bordeaux in the 18th century: trans-Atlantic trading and slavery &#124; Le site officiel du musée d'Aquitaine |website=www.musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr |access-date=3 May 2020 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925080028/http://www.musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr/en/article/bordeaux-18th-century-trans-atlantic-trading-and-slavery |url-status=live}}</ref>

A statue of [[Modeste Testas]], an Ethiopian woman who was enslaved by the Bordeaux-based Testas brothers was unveiled in 2019. She was trafficked by them from West Africa, to Philadelphia (where one of the brothers coerced her to have two children by him) and was ultimately freed and lived in Haiti. The bronze sculpture was created by the Haitian artists [[Woodly Caymitte]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Haiti – Memory : Bordeaux inaugurates the statue of a slave of the Haitian sculptor, C. Woodly – HaitiLibre.com : Haiti news 7/7 |url=https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-27707-haiti-memory-bordeaux-inaugurates-the-statue-of-a-slave-of-the-haitian-sculptor-c-woodly.html |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=www.haitilibre.com |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127141544/https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-27707-haiti-memory-bordeaux-inaugurates-the-statue-of-a-slave-of-the-haitian-sculptor-c-woodly.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

A number of traces and memorial sites are visible in the city. Moreover, in May 2009, the [[Museum of Aquitaine]] opened the spaces dedicated to "Bordeaux in the 18th century, trans-Atlantic trading and slavery". This work, richly illustrated with original documents, contributes to disseminate the state of knowledge on this question, presenting above all the facts and their chronology.<ref name="musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr" />

The region of Bordeaux was also the land of several prominent [[abolitionism|abolitionists]], as [[Montesquieu]], [[André-Daniel Laffon de Ladebat|Laffon de Ladébat]] and [[Elisée Reclus]]. Others were members of the [[Society of the Friends of the Blacks]] as the revolutionaries [[Jean-Baptiste Boyer-Fonfrède|Boyer-Fonfrède]], [[Armand Gensonné|Gensonné]], [[Marguerite-Élie Guadet|Guadet]] and [[Jean-François Ducos|Ducos]].
<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
File:Bordeaux place de la Bourse mascaron visage africain.JPG|African face [[Mascaron (architecture)|mascaron]] on the [[place de la Bourse]]
File:Détail de la fresque du Grand-Théâtre de Bordeaux.jpg|Allegory of Bordeaux and her wealth, including two African slaves, ceiling of the [[Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux|Grand-Théâtre de Bordeaux]]
File:Salles consacrées à l'esclavage au Musée d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux.jpg|Spaces dedicated to slave trade, [[Musée d'Aquitaine]]
File:Statue-fétiche Fon-Musée d'Aquitaine (1).jpg|[[Fon people|Fon]] fetish, [[Musée d'Aquitaine]]
File:Buste en bronze de Toussaint Louverture, Bordeaux.jpg|Bronze bust of [[Toussaint Louverture]]
File:Statue de Modeste Testas, quai des Chartrons, Bordeaux.jpg|Bronze Statue of [[Modeste Testas]], Ethiopian woman enslaved by two Bordeaux plantation owners
</gallery>