Editing Atmospheric entry (section)

==Atmospheric entry accidents==
[[File:Ingreso reentrada.svg|center|thumb|800px|Reentry window
{{ordered list
 | list-style-type = upper-alpha
 | Friction with air
 | In air flight
 | Expulsion lower angle
 | Perpendicular to the entry point
 | Excess friction 6.9° to 90°
 | Repulsion of 5.5° or less
 | Explosion friction
 | Plane tangential to the entry point
}}]]

Not all atmospheric reentries have been completely successful:

*[[Voskhod 2]]&nbsp;– The service module failed to detach for some time, but the crew survived.
*[[Soyuz 5]]&nbsp;– The service module failed to detach, but the crew survived.
*[[Apollo 15]]&nbsp;- One of the three ringsail parachutes failed during the ocean landing, likely damaged as the spacecraft vented excess control fuel. The spacecraft was designed to land safely with only two parachutes, and the crew were uninjured.
*[[Mars Polar Lander]]&nbsp;– Failed during EDL. The failure was believed to be the consequence of a software error. The precise cause is unknown for lack of real-time [[telemetry]].
*[[Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']] [[STS-1#Mission anomalies|STS-1]]&nbsp;– a combination of launch damage, protruding gap filler, and tile installation error resulted in serious damage to the orbiter, only some of which the crew was aware. Had the crew known the extent of the damage before attempting reentry, they would have flown the shuttle to a safe altitude and then bailed out. Nevertheless, reentry was successful, and the orbiter proceeded to a normal landing.
*[[Space Shuttle Atlantis|Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'']] [[STS-27#Tile damage|STS-27]]&nbsp;– Insulation from the starboard [[Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster|solid rocket booster]] nose cap struck the orbiter during launch, causing significant tile damage. This dislodged one tile completely, over an aluminum mounting plate for a TACAN antenna. The antenna sustained extreme heat damage, but prevented the hot gas from penetrating the vehicle body.
[[File:Genesis wreck.jpg|thumb|Genesis entry vehicle after crash]]
*[[Genesis (spacecraft)|''Genesis'']]&nbsp;– The parachute failed to deploy due to a G-switch having been installed backwards (a similar error delayed parachute deployment for the [[Galileo Probe|''Galileo'' Probe]]). Consequently, the Genesis entry vehicle crashed into the desert floor. The payload was damaged, but most scientific data were recoverable.
*[[Soyuz TMA-11]]&nbsp;– The Soyuz propulsion module failed to separate properly; fallback ballistic reentry was executed that subjected the crew to accelerations of about {{convert|8|standard gravity|m/s2}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/station/exp16/080502peggywhitson.html|title=Whitson describes rough Soyuz entry and landing|access-date=July 12, 2008|publisher=Spaceflight Now|year=2008|author=William Harwood|archive-date=December 19, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219073602/http://spaceflightnow.com/station/exp16/080502peggywhitson.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The crew survived.
*[[SpaceX Starship integrated flight test 3|Starship IFT-3]]: The SpaceX Starship's third integrated test flight was supposed to end with a hard splashdown in the [[Indian Ocean]]. However, approximately 48.5 minutes after launch, at an altitude of 65km, contact with the spacecraft was lost, indicating that it burned up on reentry. This was caused by excessive vehicle rolling due to clogged vents on the vehicle.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=starship-flight-3 | title=SpaceX }}</ref>

Some reentries have resulted in significant disasters:

*[[Soyuz 1]]&nbsp;– The [[Spacecraft attitude control|attitude control]] system failed while still in orbit and later parachutes got entangled during the emergency landing sequence (entry, descent, and landing (EDL) failure). Lone cosmonaut [[Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov]] died.
*[[Soyuz 11]]&nbsp;– During tri-module separation, a valve seal was opened by the shock, depressurizing the descent module; the crew of three asphyxiated in space minutes before reentry.
*Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|STS-107]]&nbsp;– The failure of a [[reinforced carbon–carbon]] panel on a wing leading edge caused by debris impact at launch led to breakup of the orbiter on reentry resulting in the deaths of all seven crew members.