Editing Academic degree (section)

==== Norway ====
Prior to 1980, there were around 50 different degrees and corresponding educational programs within the Norwegian higher education system.
Degrees had titles that included the gender based Latin term ''candidatus/candidata''. The second part of the title usually consisted of a Latin word corresponding to the profession or training. For example, Cand. Mag. (Candidatus Magisterii) required 4 to 5 years, Cand. Real.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=160853#Kap5:Link|title=Overview (table of contents)|website=Retsinformation.dk|access-date=18 August 2017}}</ref> (Candidatus Realium) required 6 years of study and a scientific thesis in a select set of scientific disciplines (realia). Over the years these were replaced gradually with degrees that were more and more internationally comparable programs and corresponding titles. For example, the degree Cand. Scient. replaced Cand. Real. in the period 1985 to 2003. These degrees were all retired in 2003 in favour of an international system.

The reform of higher education in Norway, ''Kvalitetsreformen'' ("The Quality Reform"), was passed in the Norwegian Parliament, the [[Stortinget|Storting]], in 2001 and carried out during the 2003/2004 academic year. It introduced standard periods of study and the titles ''master'' and ''bachelor ([[baccalaureus]])''. The system differentiates between a free master's degree and a master's degree in [[technology]]. The latter corresponds to the former ''sivilingeniør'' degree (not to be confused with a degree in [[civil engineering]], which is but one of many degrees linked to the title ''sivilingeniør'', which is still in use for new graduates who can choose to also use the old title). All pre-2001 doctoral degree titles were replaced with the title "Philosophical Doctor degree", written ''philosophiæ doctor'' (instead of the traditional ''doctor philosophiæ''). The title [[Dr. philos. (Norwegian degree)|dr. philos.]] is a substantially higher degree than the PhD{{Citation needed|date=December 2015}} and is reserved for those who qualify for such a degree without participating in an organized doctoral degree program.