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==Adaptations and cultural references== {{More citations needed section|date=April 2021}} ===Plays=== ''Absurda Comica, oder Herr Peter Squentz'' by [[Andreas Gryphius]], which was probably written between 1648 and 1650 and was published in 1657, is evidently based on the comic episode of [[Pyramus]] and [[Thisbe]] in ''A Midsummer Night's Dream''. [[Ken Ludwig]]'s 2003 comic play, ''Shakespeare in Hollywood'', is set during the production of the [[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935 film)|1935 film]]. Oberon and Puck appear on the scene, and find themselves cast as themselves.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilian |first=Michael |title=No holds Bard! This Shakespeare worth giving hoot |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2003-10-09-0310090104-story.html |access-date=14 October 2019 |work=Chicago Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ken Ludwig – Playwright: Shakespeare in Hollywood |url=http://www.kenludwig.com/shakespeare_in_hollywood/shakespeare_in_hollywood.php |website=www.kenludwig.com |access-date=14 October 2019 |archive-date=27 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027223715/http://www.kenludwig.com/shakespeare_in_hollywood/shakespeare_in_hollywood.php |url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Literary=== The play was translated into [[Esperanto]] ([[Constructed language|constructed]] [[international auxiliary language]]) by [[Louise Briggs]] in 1920.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-15 |title=Shakespeare in Esperanto |url=https://www.shakespeare.org.uk/explore-shakespeare/blogs/shakespeare-esperanto/ |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust}}</ref> [[W. Stanley Moss]] used the quotation "Ill met by moonlight" as the title of his ''[[Ill Met by Moonlight]]'' (1950), a non-fiction book about the [[kidnap of General Kreipe]] during WWII.<ref>{{cite book |last=Garden |first=Robin |title=Shakespeare Reloaded |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6eNwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA135 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2014 |page=135 |isbn=978-1-107-67930-6}}</ref> The book was adapted into a [[Ill Met by Moonlight (film)|film with the same name]] in 1957.<ref>{{cite web |title=BFI Screenonline: Ill Met By Moonlight (1957) |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/500329/ |website=www.screenonline.org.uk |access-date=18 January 2018}}</ref> [[Botho Strauß]]'s play ''[[The Park (play)|The Park]]'' (1983) is based on characters and [[motif (literature)|motifs]] from ''A Midsummer Night's Dream''.{{sfn|Broich|2006|p=144}} [[Neil Gaiman]]'s comic series ''[[The Sandman (Vertigo)|The Sandman]]'' uses the play in the 1990 issue "[[The Sandman: Dream Country#"A Midsummer Night's Dream"|A Midsummer Night's Dream]]". In this story, Shakespeare and his company perform the play for the real Oberon and Titania and an audience of fairies. The play is heavily quoted in the comic, and Shakespeare's son [[Hamnet Shakespeare|Hamnet]] appears in the play as the Indian boy. This issue was the first and only comic to win the [[World Fantasy Award for Best Short Fiction]], in 1991.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KDAlDwAAQBAJ&q=puck+sandman+gaiman&pg=PA386|title=The Shakespearean World|first1=Jill L.|last1=Levenson|first2=Robert|last2=Ormsby|year= 2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-69619-3}}</ref> [[Terry Pratchett]]'s book ''[[Lords and Ladies (novel)|Lords and Ladies]]'' (1992) is a [[parody]] of the play.{{sfn|Forward|2006}} [[Bernard Cornwell]]'s novel ''[[Fools and Mortals]]'' (2017) is about the creation and first performance of the play, as seen by the young actor, Richard Shakespeare, brother of the playwright.<ref>{{cite news |title='Fools and Mortals' finds Shakespeare's brother taking center stage |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Books/Book-Reviews/2018/0116/Fools-and-Mortals-finds-Shakespeare-s-brother-taking-center-stage |access-date=14 April 2020 |work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |date=16 January 2018}}</ref> ===Musical versions=== ''[[The Fairy-Queen]]'' is an opera from 1692 by [[Henry Purcell]], based on the play.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sanders |first1=Julie |title=Shakespeare and Music: Afterlives and Borrowings |date=2013 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-7456-5765-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s9uKkYhF00AC&q=%22The+Fairy-Queen%22+purcell+shakespeare&pg=PA1934 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bridge |first1=Frederick |title=Shakespearean Music in the Plays and Early Operas |date=1965 |publisher=Ardent Media |page=58 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zWbCXqsyDN4C&pg=PA58 |language=en}}</ref> {{main|A Midsummer Night's Dream (Mendelssohn)}} In 1826, [[Felix Mendelssohn]] composed a concert [[overture]], inspired by the play, that was first performed in 1827. In 1842, partly because of the fame of the overture, and partly because his employer [[Frederick William IV of Prussia|King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia]] liked the [[incidental music]] that Mendelssohn had written for other plays that had been staged at the palace in German translation, Mendelssohn was commissioned to write incidental music for a production of ''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' that was to be staged in 1843 in [[Potsdam]]. He incorporated the existing Overture into the incidental music, which was used in most stage versions through the 19th century. The best known of the pieces from the incidental music is the famous ''[[Wedding March (Mendelssohn)|Wedding March]]'', frequently used as a [[Recessional hymn|recessional]] in weddings.<ref>{{cite web |last=Greenberg |first=Robert |title=Mendelssohn's 'Wedding March' at 150 |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18822541 |publisher=NPR}}</ref> Between 1917 and 1939 [[Carl Orff]] also wrote incidental music for a German version of the play, ''Ein Sommernachtstraum'' (performed in 1939). Given that Mendelssohn's parents had been Jews (and despite the fact that they converted to Lutheranism), his music had been banned by the Nazi regime, and the Nazi cultural officials put out a call for new music for the play: Orff was one of the musicians who responded. He later reworked the music for a final version, completed in 1964.{{Citation needed|date=December 2015}} In 1949, a three-act opera by [[Marcel Delannoy]] entitled ''[[Puck (opera)|Puck]]'' was premiered in Strasbourg. "Over Hill, Over Dale", from Act 2, is the third of the ''[[Three Shakespeare Songs]]'' set to music by the British composer [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]]. He wrote the pieces for [[a cappella]] SATB choir in 1951 for the British Federation of Music Festivals, and they remain a popular part of British choral repertoire today. The [[A Midsummer Night's Dream (opera)|play was adapted into an opera]], with music by [[Benjamin Britten]] and [[libretto]] by Britten and [[Peter Pears]]. This was first performed on 11 June 1960 at [[Aldeburgh]].{{sfn|Whittall|1998}} In 1964, a musical adaptation debuted on Broadway as ''[[Babes in the Wood (musical)|Babes in The Wood]]''. Progressive rock guitarist [[Steve Hackett]], best known for his work with [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]], made a classical adaptation of the play in 1997.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Larkin |first=Colin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_NNmFiUnSmUC&q=steve%2520hackett%2520midsummer%2520night%27s%2520dream&pg=PA1592 |title=The Encyclopedia of Popular Music |date=2011-05-27 |publisher=Omnibus Press |isbn=978-0-85712-595-8 |language=en}}</ref> [[Hans Werner Henze]]'s [[Symphony No. 8 (Henze)|Eighth Symphony]], written in 1993, is also inspired by sequences from the play.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/oct/27/hans-werner-henze|title=Hans Werner Henze obituary|author=Guy Rickards|date=27 Oct 2012|work=The Guardian}}</ref> The theatre company Moonwork put on a production of ''Midsummer'' in 1999. It was conceived by Mason Pettit, Gregory Sherman and Gregory Wolfe (who directed it). The show featured a rock-opera version of the play within a play, Pyramus & Thisbe, with music written by [[Rusty Magee]]. The music for the rest of the show was written by Andrew Sherman.{{sfn|Marks|1999}} ''[[The Donkey Show (musical)|The Donkey Show]]'' is a disco-era experience based on ''A Midsummer Night's Dream'', that first appeared [[off Broadway]] in 1999.{{sfn|IOBDB|n.d.}} In 2011, [[Opera Memphis]], [[Playhouse on the Square]], and contemporary a cappella groups DeltaCappella and Riva, premiered [[Michael Ching]]'s ''A Midsummer Night's Dream: Opera A Cappella''.{{sfn|Waleson|2011}} In 2015, the plot of ''[[Be More Chill (musical)|Be More Chill]]'' included a version of the play called ''A Midsummer Nightmare (About Zombies)''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Brantley |first=Ben |title=Review: A High School Meltdown Heats Up 'Be More Chill' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/09/theater/be-more-chill-review.html |work=The New York Times |date=10 August 2018 |access-date=8 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Peikert |first=Mark |title=Be More Chill's Stephanie Hsu Is Not Underestimating Teenagers |url=https://www.playbill.com/article/be-more-chills-stephanie-hsu-is-not-underestimating-teenagers |website=Playbill |date=2 March 2019 |access-date=8 April 2021}}</ref> ===Ballets=== * [[Marius Petipa]] made a ballet adaptation for the [[Mariinsky Ballet|Imperial Ballet]] of [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] with additional music and adaptations to Mendelssohn's score by [[Ludwig Minkus|Léon Minkus]]. The revival premiered 14 July 1876. * [[George Balanchine]]'s ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (ballet)|A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', his first original full-length ballet, was premiered by the [[New York City Ballet]] on 17 January 1962. It was chosen to open the NYCB's first season at the New York State Theater at Lincoln Center in 1964. Balanchine interpolated further music by Mendelssohn into his ''Dream'', including the overture from ''[[Athalie]]''.{{sfn|Charles|2000}} A film version of the ballet was released in 1966.{{sfn|Barnes|1967}} * [[Frederick Ashton]] created ''The Dream'', a short (not full-length) ballet set exclusively to the famous music by Félix Mendelssohn, arranged by [[John Lanchbery]], in 1964. It was created on England's Royal Ballet and has since entered the repertoire of other companies, notably The Joffrey Ballet and American Ballet Theatre.{{sfn|Charles|2000}} * [[John Neumeier]] created his full-length ballet ''Ein Sommernachtstraum'' for his company at the Hamburg State Opera (Hamburgische Staatsoper) in 1977. Longer than Ashton's or Balanchine's earlier versions, Neumeier's version includes other music by Mendelssohn along with the ''Midsummer Night's Dream'' music, as well as music from the modern composer [[György Ligeti]], and jaunty barrel organ music. Neumeier devotes the three sharply differing musical styles to the three character groups, with the aristocrats and nobles dancing to Mendelssohn, the fairies to Ligeti, and the rustics or mechanicals to the barrel organ.{{sfn|Reynolds|2006}} * [[Elvis Costello]] composed the music for a full-length ballet ''[[Il Sogno]]'', based on ''A Midsummer Night's Dream''. The music was subsequently released as a classical album by [[Deutsche Grammophon]] in 2004. ===Film adaptations=== {{see also|List of William Shakespeare screen adaptations#A Midsummer Night's Dream}} ''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' has been adapted as a film many times. The following are the best known. * A 1925 German silent film ''[[Wood Love]]'' directed by [[Hans Neumann]].{{sfn|Ball|1968|pp=297–99, 378}} * [[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935 film)|A 1935 film version]] was directed by [[Max Reinhardt (theatre director)|Max Reinhardt]] and [[William Dieterle]]. The cast included [[James Cagney]] as [[Nick Bottom|Bottom]], [[Mickey Rooney]] as [[Puck (Shakespeare)|Puck]], [[Olivia de Havilland]] as [[Hermia (role)|Hermia]], [[Joe E. Brown (comedian)|Joe E. Brown]] as [[Francis Flute]], [[Dick Powell]] as Lysander, [[Anita Louise]] as Titania and [[Victor Jory]] as [[Oberon (Fairy King)|Oberon]].{{sfn|Watts|1972|p=48}} * A 1947 TV film version was directed by I. Orr-Ewing. The cast included Iris Baker as Helena, Peter Bell as [[Demetrius]], Vivienne Bennett as Titania, John Byron as [[Oberon]], [[Andrew Faulds]] as [[Lysander]], Patricia Hicks as [[Hermia]], Mary Honer as Puck, [[Desmond Llewelyn]] as [[Theseus]], [[Hugh Manning]] as Bottem, [[Peter Sallis]] as Quince, Angela Shafto as [[Hippolyta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.kinorium.com/37684/|title=A Midsummer Night's Dream (1947)}}</ref> * {{lang|cs|[[Sen noci svatojánské]]}} (1959) directed by Czech animator [[Jiří Trnka]] is a [[Stop motion|stop-motion]] puppet film that follows Shakespeare's story simply with a narrator. The English-language version was narrated by [[Richard Burton]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} * [[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|A 1968 film version]] was directed by [[Peter Hall (theatre director)|Peter Hall]]. The cast included [[Paul Rogers (actor)|Paul Rogers]] as Bottom, [[Ian Holm]] as Puck, [[Diana Rigg]] as Helena, [[Helen Mirren]] as Hermia, [[Ian Richardson]] as Oberon, [[Judi Dench]] as Titania, and [[Sebastian Shaw (actor)|Sebastian Shaw]] as Quince. This film stars the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]], and is directed by [[Peter Hall (theatre director)|Peter Hall]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} * [[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1969 French film)|A 1969 film version]] was directed by [[Jean-Christophe Averty]]. The cast included [[Jean-Claude Drouot]] as Oberon, [[Claude Jade]] as Helena, [[Christine Delaroche]] as Hermia, [[Marie Versini]] as Hippolyta, [[Michel Modo]] as Flute, [[Guy Grosso]] as Quinze.{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} * ''[[A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy]]'' (1982) was written and directed by [[Woody Allen]]. The plot is loosely based on [[Ingmar Bergman]]'s ''[[Smiles of a Summer Night]]'', with some elements from Shakespeare's play.<ref>{{cite web |title=Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy, A |url=http://bufvc.ac.uk/shakespeare/index.php/title/av36897 |website=British Universities Film & Video Council |access-date=22 June 2021}}</ref> * ''Bottom's Dream'' (1983) was an animated short directed by [[John Canemaker]], showing events of the play from the point of view of Bottom. The film uses selections of [[Mendelssohn]]'s music, lines from the play, and surreal imagery to convey Bottom's experience.{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} * ''[[Dead Poets Society]]'' features the play as a production for which Neil Perry tries out and wins the role of Puck, in spite of his father's disapproval of his acting aspirations.{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} * A 1996 adaptation directed by [[Adrian Noble]]. The cast included [[Desmond Barrit]] as Bottom, [[Finbar Lynch]] as Puck, [[Alex Jennings]] as Oberon/Theseus, and [[Lindsay Duncan]] as Titania/Hippolyta. This film is based on Noble's [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] production. Its art design is eccentric, featuring a forest of floating light bulbs and a giant umbrella for Titania's bower.{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} * A 1996 French film, ''[[The Apartment (1996 film)|The Apartment]]'' ({{lang|fr|L'Appartement}}), directed by [[Gilles Mimouni]], has many references to the play. * [[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1999 film)|A 1999 film version]] was written and directed by [[Michael Hoffman (director)|Michael Hoffman]]. The cast includes [[Kevin Kline]] as [[Nick Bottom|Bottom]], [[Rupert Everett]] as [[Oberon (Fairy King)|Oberon]], [[Michelle Pfeiffer]] as [[Titania (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Titania]], [[Stanley Tucci]] as [[Puck (Shakespeare)|Puck]], [[Sophie Marceau]] as [[Hippolyta]], [[Christian Bale]] as [[Demetrius]], [[Dominic West]] as [[Lysander]], [[Anna Friel]] as [[Hermia]] and [[Calista Flockhart]] as [[Helena (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Helena]]. This adaptation relocates the play's action from [[Athens]] to a fictional "Monte Athena", located in [[Tuscany]], Italy, although all textual mentions of Athens are retained.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Buhler |first=Stephen M. |date=2004 |title="Textual and Sexual Anxieties in Michael Hoffman's Film of A Midsummer Night's Dream" |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26349132 |journal=Shakespeare Bulletin |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=49–64 |issn=0748-2558}}</ref> * A 1999 version was written and directed by [[James Kerwin]]. The cast included [[Travis Schuldt]] as [[Demetrius]]. It set the story against a surreal backdrop of techno clubs and ancient symbols.{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} * [[Get Over It (film)]] is a 2001 teen comedy directed by [[Tommy O'Haver]] and starring [[Kirsten Dunst]], [[Ben Foster (actor)]], [[Shane West]], [[Martin Short]], [[Colin Hanks]], [[Mila Kunis]], and [[Sisqo]]. In the film, students prepare for a high school production of A Midsummer Night's Dream as their own lives echo the play's plot. * ''[[The Children's Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (2002), directed by [[Christine Edzard]], was produced by [[Sands Films]] at their studio in [[Rotherhithe]], London, using 350 school children from Southwark, between the ages of eight and eleven, all theatrically untrained. The sets and costumes were designed to scale and made on site.{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} * ''[[A Midsummer Night's Rave]]'' (2002) directed by [[Gil Cates Jr.]] changes the setting to a modern rave. Puck is a drug dealer, the magic flower called love-in-idleness is replaced with magic ecstasy, and the King and Queen of Fairies are the host of the rave and the DJ.{{fact|date=November 2023}} * ''[[Were the World Mine]]'' (2008) features a modern interpretation of the play put on in a private high school in a small town.{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Halsall |first=Jane |title=Visual Media for Teens: Creating and Using a Teen-centered Film Collection |publisher=Libraries Unlimited |location=Santa Barbara, CA |year=2009 |page=109 |isbn=978-1-59158-544-2}}</ref> * [[10ml Love|''10ml Love'']] (2012) by [[Sharat Katariya]] reimagines the play in modern-day India.<ref name="a">{{cite news |date=June 13, 2016 |title=10 ml love: Take a sip |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/10-ml-love-take-a-sip/article4178254.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209094915/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/10-ml-love-take-a-sip/article4178254.ece |archive-date=9 December 2019 |access-date=8 December 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> * ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (2018 film)|A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', an American independent film that relocates the story to modern-day Los Angeles. * ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (2019 film)|A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', a UK production shot in Austria, set in an alternative near future. Directed by [[Sacha Bennett]], it features [[Robert Lindsay (actor)|Robert Lindsay]] as Oberon, [[Juliet Aubrey]] as Titania, [[Lee Boardman]] as Bottom, Harry Jarvis as Lysander, [[Tamzin Merchant]] as Helena, [[Holly Earl]] as Hermia, [[Tyger Drew-Honey]] as Demetrius and [[Florence Kasumba]] as Hippolyta.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018|reason=Needs cite to demonstrate notability and due weight for inclusion here.}} ===TV productions=== * The "play within a play" from Act V, Scene I, ''Pyramus and Thisbe'', was performed by members of [[The Beatles]] on 28 April 1964 for a British television special, ''[[Around The Beatles]]''. [[Paul McCartney]] appeared as Pyramus, [[John Lennon]] as Thisbe, [[George Harrison]] as Moonshine, and [[Ringo Starr]] as Lion. The performance, before a live audience, was done with great comic intent and included a number of intentional hecklers. This was broadcast in the UK on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] on 6 May, and in the US on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] on 15 November.{{sfn|Cavendish|2014}} * The 1981 [[BBC Television Shakespeare]] production was produced by [[Jonathan Miller]] and directed by [[Elijah Moshinsky]]. It starred [[Helen Mirren]] as Titania, [[Peter McEnery]] as Oberon, [[Phil Daniels]] as Puck, [[Robert Lindsay (actor)|Robert Lindsay]] as Lysander, [[Geoffrey Palmer (actor)|Geoffrey Palmer]] as Quince and [[Brian Glover]] as Bottom. * An abbreviated version of ''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' was made into an animated short (with the same title) by [[Disney Television Animation|Walt Disney Television Animation]] in 1999 as part of the ''[[Mickey Mouse Works]]'' series. It was featured in a 2002 episode of ''[[House of Mouse]]'' ("House of Scrooge", Season 3, Episode 34). The star-crossed lovers are played by [[Mickey Mouse]] (Lysander), [[Minnie Mouse]] ([[Hermia]]), [[Donald Duck]] (Demetrius), and [[Daisy Duck]] ([[Helena (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Helena]]). The character based on Theseus is played by [[Ludwig Von Drake]], and the character based on Egeus by [[Scrooge McDuck]]. [[Goofy]] appears as an accident-prone [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]]. The story ends with the revelation that it was a dream experienced by Mickey Mouse while sleeping at a picnic hosted by Minnie.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} * In 2005 ''[[ShakespeaRe-Told]]'', the BBC TV series, aired an updated of the play. It was written by [[Peter Bowker]]. The cast includes [[Johnny Vegas]] as Bottom, [[Dean Lennox Kelly]] as Puck, [[Bill Paterson (actor)|Bill Paterson]] as Theo (a conflation of Theseus and Egeus), and [[Imelda Staunton]] as his wife Polly (Hippolyta). [[Lennie James]] plays Oberon and [[Sharon Small]] is Titania. [[Zoe Tapper]] and [[Michelle Bonnard]] play Hermia and Helena.{{sfn|BBC|2005}} * In 2006, ''[[The Suite Life of Zack & Cody]]'' released an episode called "A Midsummer's Nightmare" where the children are preparing to perform Shakespeare's popular work for a school play. This episode was #22 in season two of the show.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Midsummer's Nightmare |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0712961/ |date=11 August 2006 |via=IMDb}}</ref> * [[A Midsummer Night's Dream (2016 film)|BBC One's 2016 production]] was a 90-minute TV film adaptation by [[Russell T Davies]] directed by [[David Kerr (director)|David Kerr]] starring [[Matt Lucas]] as Bottom, [[Maxine Peake]] as Titania, and with a diverse cast including [[Nonso Anozie]] as Oberon, [[Prisca Bakare]] as Hermia and [[Hiran Abeysekera]] as Puck.{{sfn|O'Donovan|2016}} === Role-playing games === Two of the archfeys in ''[[Forgotten Realms|The Forgotten Realms]]'' adventure setting for ''[[Dungeons & Dragons|Dungeons and Dragons]]'' are called Oberon and Titania.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lucero |first=Scott |date=2022-02-11 |title=Archfey in 5e: The Full Guide to the Most Powerful Fey in DnD |url=https://blackcitadelrpg.com/archfey-5e/ |access-date=2025-03-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> ===Astronomy=== In 1787, British astronomer [[William Herschel]] discovered two new moons of [[Uranus]]. In 1852 his son [[John Herschel]] named them after characters in the play: [[Oberon (moon)|Oberon]], and [[Titania (moon)|Titania]]. Another Uranian moon, discovered in 1985 by the ''[[Voyager 2]]'' spacecraft, has been named [[Puck (moon)|Puck]].{{sfn|USGS|n.d.}}
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