Editing Wheat (section)

=== Decoding the genome ===

In 2010, 95% of the genome of Chinese Spring line 42 wheat was decoded.<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council|url=http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/news/food-security/2010/100827-pr-uk-researchers-release-draft-wheat-genome.aspx|title= UK researchers release draft sequence coverage of wheat genome |date=27 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611082525/http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/news/food-security/2010/100827-pr-uk-researchers-release-draft-wheat-genome.aspx|archive-date=11 June 2011 }}</ref> This genome was released in a basic format for scientists and plant breeders to use but was not fully annotated.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/web/FILES/Publications/1102_wheat_genome_case_study.pdf |title=UK scientists publish draft sequence coverage of wheat genome|publisher= Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council |access-date=15 July 2011 |archive-date=15 July 2011 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110715204254/http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/web/FILES/Publications/1102_wheat_genome_case_study.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2012, an essentially complete gene set of bread wheat was published.<ref name="Hall-2012">{{cite journal |last=Hall |title=Analysis of the bread wheat genome using whole-genome shotgun sequencing|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=491 |issue=7426 |doi=10.1038/nature11650 |pmid=23192148 |year=2012 |pages=705–10|pmc=3510651 |bibcode=2012Natur.491..705B }}</ref> [[Shotgun sequencing|Random shotgun libraries]] of total DNA and cDNA from the ''T. aestivum'' cv. Chinese Spring (CS42) were sequenced to generate 85 Gb of sequence (220&nbsp;million reads) and identified between 94,000 and 96,000 genes.<ref name="Hall-2012"/> In 2018, a more complete Chinese Spring genome was released by a different team.<ref name="UniSaskatchewan-2018">{{cite web |title=U of S crop scientists help crack the wheat genome code |publisher=[[University of Saskatchewan]], Canada |date=16 August 2018 |url=https://news.usask.ca/articles/research/2018/u-of-s-crop-scientists-help-crack-the-wheat-genome-code-.php |access-date=22 December 2020}}</ref> In 2020, 15 genome sequences from various locations and varieties around the world were reported, with examples of their own use of the sequences to localize particular insect and disease resistance factors.<ref name="UniSaskatchewan-2020">{{cite web |title=Landmark study generates first genomic atlas for global wheat improvement |publisher=University of Saskatchewan |date=25 November 2020 |url=http://news.usask.ca/articles/research/2020/landmark-study-generates-first-genomic-atlas-for-global-wheat-improvement.php |access-date=22 December 2020}}</ref> {{Visible anchor|Wheat Blast Resistance}} is controlled by [[R gene]]s which are highly race-specific.<ref name="Kumar-2020"/>