Editing Wandering Jew (section)

==In art==
===19th century===
[[File:Death grabs an executioner and sends the Wandering Jew away.jpg|thumb|[[Personifications of death|Death]] grabs an executioner while sending the Wandering Jew away. Detail from ''[[The Chariot of Death]]'' (1848–1851), painting by Théophile Schuler.]]
[[File:Ahasuerus at the End of the World.jpg|thumb|''[[Ahasuerus at the End of the World]]'', by [[Adolf Hirémy-Hirschl]], 1888.]]
[[File:Kaulbach Zerstoerung Jerusalems durch Titus.jpg|thumb|''Titus destroying Jerusalem'', Kaulbach.<ref name="ronen 1998"/>{{rp|Fig.1; details Figs. 2 and 3}}]]
[[File:Nazi Wandering Jew propaganda by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|''The Wandering Eternal Jew (Le Juif Eternel),'' coloured wood engraving by S. C. Dumont, 1852, reproduced at the Nazi exhibition ''[[The Eternal Jew (art exhibition)|Der ewige Jude]]'' in Germany and Austria 1937–1938. Reproduction exhibited at [[Yad Vashem]]]]

Nineteenth-century works depicting the legendary figure as the Wandering (or Eternal) Jew or as [[Ahasuerus]] (Ahasver) include:

* 1846, [[Wilhelm von Kaulbach]], ''Titus destroying Jerusalem''. [[Neue Pinakothek]] Munich. Commissioned from Kaulbach in 1842 and completed in 1866, it was destroyed by war damage during World War II. 
** 1836 Kaulbach's work initially commissioned by Countess Angelina Radzwill.
** 1840 Kaulbach published a booklet of Explanations identifying the main figures.{{efn|Kaulbach's booklet had quotations from Old and New Testament prophecies and references to [[Josephus]] Flavius' ''Jewish War'' as his principal literary source.<ref name="ronen 1998">{{cite journal |last1=Ronen |first1=Avraham |title=Kaulbach's Wandering Jew: An Anti-Jewish Allegory and Two Jewish Responses |journal=Assaph: Section B. Studies in Art History |date=1998 |volume=1998 |issue=3 |pages=243–262 |url=http://arts.tau.ac.il/departments/images/stories/journals/arthistory/Assaph3/14ronen.pdf |publisher=Tel-Aviv University, Faculty of Fine Arts |access-date=1 October 2012 |archive-date=30 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730050843/http://arts.tau.ac.il/departments/images/stories/journals/arthistory/Assaph3/14ronen.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} 
** 1846 finished work purchased by King [[Ludwig I of Bavaria]] for the royal collections; 1853 installed in [[Neue Pinakothek]], Munich.<ref>art gallery of 19c. work [[Pinacotheca]]</ref> 
** 1842 Kaulbach's replica for the stairway murals of the [[Neues Museum]], Berlin commissioned by King [[Frederick William IV of Prussia]].
** 1866 completed.
** 1943 destroyed by war damage.{{efn|Replica for the stairway murals of the New Museum in Berlin (see fig.5 "The New Museum, Berlin")<ref>fig.5 "The New Museum, Berlin" http://www.colbud.hu/mult_ant/Getty-Materials/Bazant7.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730060857/http://www.colbud.hu/mult_ant/Getty-Materials/Bazant7.htm |date=30 July 2013 }}</ref>}}
* 1848–1851, [[Théophile Schuler]]'s monumental painting ''[[The Chariot of Death]]'' features a prominent depiction of the Wandering Jew (who is driven away by Death).
* 1852, a coloured caricature was used as a cover design for the June number of the satirical {{lang|fr|Journal pour rire}}, published by [[Charles Philipon]].<ref name="Levy2005">{{cite book|last=Levy|first=Richard S. |title=Antisemitism: a historical encyclopedia of prejudice and persecution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tdn6FFZklkcC&pg=PA186|year=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-439-4|page=186}}</ref>{{efn|Attribution to Doré uncertain.<ref name="ronen 1998"/>}}
* 1854, [[Gustave Courbet]], ''The Meeting''.<ref>Linda Nochlin (September 1967), "Gustave Courbet's Meeting: A Portrait of the Artist as a Wandering Jew". ''Art Bulletin'', vol. '''49''' No. 3; pp. 209−222</ref>
* 1856, [[Gustave Doré]], twelve folio-size illustrations produced for a short poem by [[Pierre-Jean de Béranger]], ''The Legend of the Wandering Jew'', derived from a novel by [[Eugène Sue]] (1845)<ref name=Zafran>{{cite book |last1=Zafran |first1=Eric |editor2-last=Small |editor2-first=Lisa |editor1-last=Rosenblum |editor1-first=Robert |title=Fantasy and faith: The art of Gustave Doré |date=2007 |publisher=Dahesh Museum of Art; Yale University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0300107371}}</ref>
* 1876, [[Maurycy Gottlieb]], ''Ahasver''. [[National Museum, Kraków]].<ref name="ronen 1998"/>{{rp|Fig.5}}
* 1888, [[Adolf Hirémy-Hirschl]], ''[[Ahasuerus at the End of the World]]''. Private Collection.
* 1899, [[Samuel Hirszenberg]], ''The Eternal Jew''. Exhibited in Łódź, Warsaw and Paris in 1899, now in the [[Israel Museum]], Jerusalem.<ref name="ronen 1998"/>{{rp|Fig.6}}

===20th century===
In another artwork, exhibited at Basel in 1901, the legendary figure with the name ''Der ewige Jude'', ''The Eternal Jew'', was shown redemptively bringing the [[Torah]] back to the Promised Land.<ref>Sculpture by [[Alfred Nossig]]. Fig.3.3, p.79 in Todd Presner ''Muscular Judaism: The Jewish Body and the Politics of Regeneration''. Routledge, 2007. The sculpture was exhibited in 1901 at the Fifth Zionist Congress, which established the [[Jewish National Fund]].[https://books.google.com/books?id=NCR5wsB2j8IC&pg=PA79]</ref>

Among the paintings of [[Marc Chagall]] having a connection with the legend, one has the explicit title ''Le Juif Errant'' (1923–1925).{{efn|For works of some other artists with 'Wandering Jew' titles, and connected with the theme of the continuing social and political predicament of Jews or the Jewish people see: Brichetto (2006): figs. 24 (1968), 26 (1983), 27 (1996), 28 (2002)<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Brichetto |first1=Joanna L. |title=The Wandering Image: Converting the Wandering Jew |date=20 April 2006 |publisher=Vanderbilt University |page=https://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/etd-03272006-123911 |url=https://ir.vanderbilt.edu/handle/1803/11482 |language=en}}</ref>}}

In his painting ''The Wandering Jew'' (1983)<ref>[https://museum.imj.org.il/artcenter/includes/item.asp?id=571777 Michael Sgan-Cohen.Israeli, 1944-1999. ''The Wandering Jew'', 1983], Israel Museum, Jerusalem</ref> [[Michael Sgan-Cohen]] depicts a man with bird's head wearing a [[Jewish hat]], with the Hand of God pointing down from the heaven to the man. The empty chair in the foreground of the painting is a symbol of how the figure cannot settle down and is forced to keep wandering.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jewishlearningworks.org/news/2016/4/19/educators-resources-for-passover|publisher=Jewish Learning Works|title=Educator's Resources for Passover|access-date=2 July 2016|archive-date=27 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827154254/http://www.jewishlearningworks.org/news/2016/4/19/educators-resources-for-passover|url-status=dead}}</ref>