Editing Ukraine (section)

=== Regional differences ===
{{See also|Demographics of Ukraine#Regional differences|Central Ukraine|Eastern Ukraine|Southern Ukraine|Western Ukraine}}
[[File:Ukr elections 2014 multimandate okruhs.png|upright=1.3|thumb|The results of the [[2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2014 parliamentary election]] with [[People's Front (Ukraine)|People's Front]] in yellow, [[Opposition Bloc]] in blue and [[Petro Poroshenko Bloc]] in red]]
[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] is the dominant language in [[Western Ukraine]] and in [[Central Ukraine]], while [[Russian language|Russian]] is the dominant language in the cities of [[Eastern Ukraine]] and [[Southern Ukraine]]. In the [[Ukrainian SSR]] schools, learning [[Russian language|Russian]] was mandatory; in modern Ukraine, schools with Ukrainian as the language of instruction offer classes in Russian and in the other minority languages.<ref name="SerhyYUBoaMN"/><ref>{{Citation |url=http://norric.org/files/education-systems/Ukraine2009 |title=The Educational System of Ukraine |publisher=[[National Academic Recognition Information Centre]] |date=April 2009 |access-date=7 March 2013 |archive-date=12 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712194304/https://norric.org/files/education-systems/Ukraine2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="RatingJuly12"/><ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ukrnews/1243560-poll_ukrainian_language_prevails_at_home_229692.html |title=Poll: Ukrainian language prevails at home |newspaper=[[Ukrinform]] |place=UA |date=7 September 2011 |access-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709143952/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ukrnews/1243560-poll_ukrainian_language_prevails_at_home_229692.html |archive-date=9 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

On the [[Russian language in Ukraine|Russian language]], on [[Soviet Union]] and [[Ukrainian nationalism]], opinion in Eastern Ukraine and Southern Ukraine tends to be the exact opposite of those in Western Ukraine; while opinions in Central Ukraine on these topics tend be less extreme.<ref name=RatingJuly12>{{cite web |url=http://ratinggroup.ua/en/research/ukraine/yazykovoy_vopros_rezultaty_poslednih_issledovaniy_2012.html |title=The language question, the results of recent research in 2012 |publisher=[[Sociological group "RATING"|Rating]] |date=25 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2010/sep/21/whos-afraid-ukrainian-history/ |title=Who's Afraid of Ukrainian History? |author=Timothy Snyder |author-link=Timothy D. Snyder |magazine=[[The New York Review of Books]] |date=21 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/poll-over-half-of-ukrainians-against-granting-official-status-to-russian-language-318212.html |title=Poll: Over half of Ukrainians against granting official status to Russian language |work=Kyiv Post |date=27 December 2012 |access-date=8 January 2014}}</ref><ref name=KIISS1313>{{cite web |url=http://kiis.com.ua/?lang=eng&cat=reports&id=140&page=1 |script-title=uk:Ставлення населення України до постаті Йосипа Сталіна |trans-title=Attitude of the Ukrainian population to the figure of Joseph Stalin |publisher=[[Kyiv International Institute of Sociology]] |date=1 March 2013 |language=uk}}</ref>

Similar historical divisions also remain evident at the level of individual social identification. Attitudes toward the most important political issue, relations with Russia, differed strongly between [[Lviv]], identifying more with [[Ukrainian nationalism]] and the [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]], and [[Donetsk]], predominantly Russian orientated and favourable to the [[Soviet era]], while in central and southern Ukraine, as well as [[Kyiv]], such divisions were less important and there was less antipathy toward people from other regions.<ref name=antipathy>{{cite web |title=Ukraine. West-East: Unity in Diversity |url=http://rb.com.ua/eng/projects/omnibus/6575/ |publisher=[[Research & Branding Group]] |access-date=8 January 2014 |date=March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108233804/http://rb.com.ua/eng/projects/omnibus/6575/ |archive-date=8 January 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

However, all were united by an overarching Ukrainian identity based on shared economic difficulties, showing that other attitudes are determined more by culture and politics than by demographic differences.<ref name=antipathy/><ref>{{Citation |first=Oksana |last=Malanchuk |title=Social Identification Versus Regionalism in Contemporary Ukraine |journal=Nationalities Papers |year=2005 |volume=33 |number=3 |pages=345–68 |issn=0090-5992 |doi=10.1080/00905990500193204 |s2cid=154250784}}</ref> Surveys of regional identities in Ukraine have shown that the feeling of belonging to a "Soviet identity" is strongest in the [[Donbas]] (about 40%) and the Crimea (about 30%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.taraskuzio.net/Comparative%20Politics_files/SovietCulture_Conspiracy_Yanukovych.pdf |title=Soviet conspiracy theories and political culture in Ukraine: Understanding Viktor Yanukovych and the Party of Region |website=taraskuzio.net |author=Taras Kuzio |author-link=Taras Kuzio |date=23 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516205435/http://www.taraskuzio.net/Comparative%20Politics_files/SovietCulture_Conspiracy_Yanukovych.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2014}}</ref>

During [[Elections in Ukraine|elections]] voters of Western and Central Ukrainian [[Oblasts of Ukraine|oblasts]] (provinces) vote mostly for parties ([[Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc|Our Ukraine]], [[All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"|Batkivshchyna]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vnd2012/WP406?PT001F01=900&pf7171=52 |publisher=Central Election Commission of Ukraine |script-title=uk:Вибори народних депутатів України 2012 |trans-title=The Elections of People's Deputies of Ukraine 2012 |language=uk |date=28 November 2012 |access-date=8 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016140034/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vnd2012/WP406?PT001F01=900&pf7171=52 |archive-date=16 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=30 August 2012 |title=CEC substitutes Tymoshenko, Lutsenko in voting papers |url=http://en.for-ua.com/news/2012/08/30/111349.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813233711/http://en.for-ua.com/news/2012/08/30/111349.html |archive-date=13 August 2014 |url-status=dead |access-date=6 November 2015}}</ref> and presidential candidates ([[Viktor Yuschenko]], [[Yulia Tymoshenko]]) with a [[pro-Western]] and state reform [[Political platform|platform]], while voters in Southern and Eastern oblasts vote for parties ([[Communist Party of Ukraine|CPU]], [[Party of Regions]]) and presidential candidates ([[Viktor Yanukovych]]) with a [[pro-Russian]] and [[status quo]] platform.<ref name= EWparties>{{Citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H23Pv4Ik3vMC&pg=PA396 |title=Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe |first1=Uwe |last1=Backes |author1-link=Uwe Backes |first2=Patrick |last2=Moreau |publisher=[[Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-3-525-36912-8 |page=396}}</ref><ref name=Umland>{{Citation |url=http://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/andreas-umland/ukraine-right-wing-politics-is-genie-out-of-bottle |title=Ukraine right-wing politics: is the genie out of the bottle? |publisher=[[openDemocracy.net]] |date=3 January 2011 |access-date=8 March 2013 |archive-date=14 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014083516/http://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/andreas-umland/ukraine-right-wing-politics-is-genie-out-of-bottle |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=39981 |title=Eight Reasons Why Ukraine's Party of Regions Will Win the 2012 Elections |first=Taras |last=Kuzio |newspaper=Jamestown |author-link=Taras Kuzio |publisher=[[The Jamestown Foundation]] |date=17 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.taraskuzio.net/media20_files/8.pdf |title=UKRAINE: Yushchenko needs Tymoshenko as ally again |first=Taras |last=Kuzio |author-link=Taras Kuzio |publisher=[[Oxford Analytica]] |date=5 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515074305/http://www.taraskuzio.net/media20_files/8.pdf |archive-date=15 May 2013}}</ref> However, this geographical division is decreasing.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sonia |first=Koshkina |date=15 November 2012 |title=Ukraine's Party of Regions: A pyrrhic victory |url=http://www.euractiv.com/specialreport-eu-ukraine-relatio/ukraines-party-regions-pyrrhic-v-analysis-516103 |website=EurActiv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rachkevych |first=Mark |date=11 February 2010 |title=Election winner lacks strong voter mandate |work=[[Kyiv Post]] |url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/59340/ |access-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217083456/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/59340/ |archive-date=17 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ostaptschuk |first=Markian |date=30 October 2012 |title=Shake-up in Ukraine |work=[[Deutsche Welle|DW]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/ukraine-vote-ushers-in-new-constellation-of-power/a-16341696 |access-date=13 December 2023}}</ref>