Editing Timeline of Chinese history (section)

== 13th century ==
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! style="width:6%" | Year || style="width:10%" | Date || Event
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| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1206 || || [[Emperor Huanzong of Western Xia|Huanzong]] was overthrown in a ''coup''.
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| || [[Emperor Xiangzong of Western Xia]] became [[emperor of China|emperor]] of [[Western Xia]].
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| 1208 || 29 December || [[Emperor Zhangzong of Jin|Zhangzong]] died.  He was succeeded by his brother [[Wanyan Yongji]].
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| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1211 || || [[Emperor Shenzong of Western Xia]] deposed and replaced [[Emperor Xiangzong of Western Xia|Xiangzong]] as [[emperor of China|emperor]] of [[Western Xia]].
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| August || ''[[Battle of Yehuling]]'': The army of the [[Mongol Empire]] captured or killed over four hundred thousand [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin]] soldiers defending an important mountain pass at [[Zhangjiakou]].
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| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1213 || 11 September || [[Wanyan Yongji]] was assassinated.
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| 22 September || [[Emperor Xuanzong of Jin]] became [[emperor of China|emperor]] of the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]].
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| 1214 || || The [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] signed a treaty under which it became a [[vassal state]] paying tribute to the [[Mongol Empire]].
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| 1215 || 1 June || ''[[Battle of Zhongdu]]'': [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] forces breached the walls of [[Zhongdu]] and massacred its inhabitants.
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| 1217 || || ''[[Jin–Song wars#Jin–Song war during the rise of the Mongols|Jin-Song Wars]]:'' The [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] attacked the [[Song dynasty]] and were defeated on their first campaign but on their second campaign later in the year captured [[Xihe County|Xihezhou]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Davis |first=Richard L. |date=2009 |editor-last=Smith |editor-first=Paul Jakov |editor2-last=Twitchett |editor2-first=Denis C. |title=The Reigns of Kuang-tsung (1189-1194) and Ning-tsung (1194-1224) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-china/reigns-of-kuangtsung-11891194-and-ningtsung-11941224/6065201011A26CEF8B37E504BEB76CD2 |journal=The Cambridge History of China |volume=5, The Sung Dynasty and its Precursors, 907-1279 |issue= |pages=827 and 829 |isbn=978-0-521-81248-1 |via=Cambridge University Press}}</ref>
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| 1223 || || [[Emperor Shenzong of Western Xia|Shenzong]] abdicated in favor of his son [[Emperor Xianzong of Western Xia]].
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| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1224 || 14 January || [[Emperor Xuanzong of Jin|Xuanzong]] died.
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| 15 January || [[Emperor Xuanzong of Jin|Xuanzong's]] son [[Emperor Aizong of Jin]] became [[emperor of China|emperor]] of the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]].
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| 17 September || [[Emperor Ningzong|Ningzong]] died.  He was succeeded by [[Emperor Lizong]].
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| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1226 || || [[Emperor Xianzong of Western Xia|Xianzong]] died.
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| || [[Emperor Mozhu of Western Xia]] became [[emperor of China|emperor]] of [[Western Xia]].
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| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1227 || 18 August || The [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] ''[[khagan]]'' [[Genghis Khan]] died.
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| || [[Emperor Mozhu of Western Xia|Mozhu]] surrendered to the [[Mongol Empire]] during the siege of the [[Western Xia]] capital Zhongxing.
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| 1233 || 26 February ||  ''[[Siege of Kaifeng (1232)]]'': The [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin]] [[general officer|general]] in charge of the defense of the capital [[Kaifeng]] surrendered to the besieging [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] army.  [[Emperor Aizong of Jin|Aizong]] had fled during the siege; his family members still in the city were executed.
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| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1234 || 9 February || ''[[Siege of Caizhou]]'': [[Emperor Aizong of Jin|Aizong]] passed the throne to his general [[Emperor Mo of Jin]] and hanged himself in the face of a [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] siege of [[Caizhou]].  The Mongols breached the city.
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| 10 February || ''Siege of Caizhou'': [[Emperor Mo of Jin|Mo]] died fighting the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] at [[Caizhou]].
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| 1247 || || [[Qin Jiushao]] wrote the ''[[Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections]]''.
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| 1259 || 11 August || The [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] ''[[khagan]]'' [[Möngke Khan]] died during a siege of [[Diaoyu Fortress]].
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| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1260 || || ''[[Toluid Civil War]]'': [[Möngke Khan|Möngke's]] brother [[Ariq Böke]] declared himself ''[[khagan]]'' of the [[Mongol Empire]].
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| 5 May || ''Toluid Civil War'': [[Kublai Khan]], brother to [[Möngke Khan|Möngke]] and to [[Ariq Böke]], was crowned ''[[khagan]]'' of the [[Mongol Empire]].
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| || [[Kublai Khan|Kublai]] appointed the [[Sakya (tribe)|Sakya]] ''[[lama]]'' [[Drogön Chögyal Phagpa]] [[Imperial Preceptor]].
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| 1261 || || [[Yang Hui]] first drew Pascal's triangle.
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| 1264 || 16 November || [[Emperor Lizong|Lizong]] died.  He was succeeded by his nephew [[Emperor Duzong]].
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| 1265 || || ''[[Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty]]'': The [[Mongol Empire]] invaded [[Song dynasty|Song]].
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| 1267 || || ''[[Battle of Xiangyang]]'': [[Kublai Khan|Kublai]] ordered his general [[Aju]] to take [[Xiangyang]].
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| 1270 || || ''[[Sambyeolcho Rebellion]]'': The [[Sambyeolcho]] rebelled against [[Wonjong of Goryeo]], the [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]]-allied king of [[Goryeo]].
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| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1271 || || [[Marco Polo]] left [[Republic of Venice|Venice]].
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| || [[Kublai Khan|Kublai]] declared himself [[emperor of China|emperor]] of the [[Yuan dynasty]].
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| 1273 || 14 March || ''Battle of Xiangyang'': The [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] army breached and captured [[Xiangyang]].
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| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1274 || 12 August || [[Emperor Duzong|Duzong]] died.  He was succeeded by his young son [[Emperor Gong of Song]].
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| 5 October || ''[[Mongol invasions of Japan]]'': A [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] fleet landed at [[Tsushima Island]].
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| 1275 || || The [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] general [[Bayan of the Baarin]] defeated a [[Song dynasty|Song]] army led by the [[chancellor (China)|chancellor]] [[Jia Sidao]].
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| rowspan="4" valign="top" | 1276 || 4 February || [[Emperor Gong of Song|Gong]] and his great aunt the [[grand empress dowager]] [[Xie Daoqing]] surrendered themselves to the [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] army besieging the [[Song dynasty|Song]] capital [[Lin'an City]].
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| 14 June || [[Emperor Gong of Song|Gong's]] older brother, the young [[Emperor Duanzong]], was crowned [[emperor of China|emperor]] of the [[Song dynasty]] at [[Fuzhou]].
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| || [[Qian Xuan]] retired.
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| || The [[Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory]] was built.
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| rowspan="3" valign="top" | 1278 || || The [[Song dynasty|Song]] general [[Wen Tianxiang]] was captured by [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] forces.
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| 8 May || [[Emperor Duanzong|Duanzong]] died.
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| 10 May || [[Emperor Duanzong|Duanzong's]] younger brother [[Emperor Bing of Song]] became [[emperor of China|emperor]] of the [[Song dynasty]].
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| 1279 || 19 March || ''[[Battle of Yamen]]'': A [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] fleet destroyed a vastly superior [[Song dynasty|Song]] force near [[Yamen (town)|Yamen]].  The Song [[chancellor (China)|chancellor]] [[Lu Xiufu]] drowned himself with [[Emperor Bing of Song|Bing]].
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| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1287 || || The [[Zhongdu]]-born [[Rabban Bar Sauma]] left for Europe as an ambassador of [[Arghun]], the ''[[khan (title)|khan]]'' of the [[Ilkhanate]].
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| December || ''[[Battle of Pagan]]'': [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] forces captured the [[Pagan Kingdom|Pagan]] capital [[Bagan]].
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| 1288 || || ''[[Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)|Battle of Bạch Đằng]]'': [[Đại Việt]] decisively defeated a numerically superior [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] invasion fleet on the [[Bạch Đằng River]].
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| 1289 || || ''[[Europeans in Medieval China]]'': [[Franciscan]] [[friar]]s first conducted missionary work in China.
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| rowspan="2" valign="top" | 1294 || 18 February || [[Kublai Khan|Kublai]] died.
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| 10 May || [[Kublai Khan|Kublai's]] grandson [[Temür Khan]] became [[emperor of China|emperor]] of the [[Yuan dynasty]].
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| 1293 || || [[John of Montecorvino]] arrives in China and is appointed [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Beijing|Archbishop]] of [[Khanbaliq]] (Beijing).
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| 1298 || || [[Wang Zhen (official)|Wang Zhen]] invented movable wooden type.
|}