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==Portrayals== Portrayals of Teresa include the following: <!-- All require a citation per WP:NLIST. Blue link helps the reader, but not the editor. All Wikipedia articles are stand-alone. --> [[File:François Gérard - St Theresa (detail).jpg|upright|thumb|Detail of ''St. Theresa'', 1827, by French painter [[François Gérard]]]] [[File:Georges Jules Victor Clairin (1843-1919), Sarah Bernhardt (1844-1923) in ''Sainte Therese d'Avila''.jpg|thumb|Portrait of [[Sarah Bernhardt]] as Thérèse in ''La Vierge d'Avila'' by [[Catulle Mendès]] (1906)]] === Literature === * [[Simone de Beauvoir]] singles out Teresa as a woman who truly lived life for herself (and perhaps the only woman to do so) in her book ''[[The Second Sex]]''.{{sfn|Beauvoir|2011|p=729}} * She is mentioned prominently in [[Kathryn Harrison]]'s novel ''Poison''.{{sfn|Harrison|1995|p=}} The main character, Francisca De Luarca, is fascinated by her life. * [[Don DeLillo]] in ''[[End Zone]]'' depicted Teresa as a saint who eats from a human skull to remind herself of final things. * [[R. A. Lafferty]] was strongly inspired by ''[[El Castillo Interior]]'' when he wrote his novel ''Fourth Mansions''. Quotations from St. Teresa's work are frequently used as chapter headings.{{sfn|Lafferty|1999|p=}} * [[Pierre Klossowski]] prominently features Saint Teresa of Ávila in his metaphysical novel ''[[The Baphomet]]''.{{sfn|Klossowski|1998|p=}} * [[George Eliot]] compared Dorothea Brooke to St. Teresa in ''[[Middlemarch]]'' (1871–1872) and wrote briefly about the life and works of St. Teresa in the "Prelude" to the novel.{{sfn|Maynard|2009|pp=77–80}} * [[Thomas Hardy]] took Saint Teresa as the inspiration for much of the characterisation of the heroine Tess (Teresa) Durbeyfield, in ''[[Tess of the d'Urbervilles]]'' (1891), most notably the scene in which she lies in a field and senses her soul ecstatically above her.{{sfn|Moore|1990|p=25}} * The contemporary poet [[Jorie Graham]] features Saint Teresa in the poem ''Breakdancing'' in her volume ''The End of Beauty''.{{sfn|Graham|1999|p=}} * [[Bárbara Mujica (writer)|Bárbara Mujica]]'s novel ''[[Sister Teresa (novel)|Sister Teresa]]'', while not strictly hagiographical, is based upon Teresa's life.<ref group=web name=washingtonindependentreviewofbooks.com /> * [[Timothy Findley]]'s 1999 novel ''[[Pilgrim (Timothy Findley novel)|Pilgrim]]'' features Saint Teresa as a minor character.{{sfn|Findley|1999|p=}} * [[Vita Sackville-West]] wrote a double biography contrasting the two Carmelites Teresa of Avila and Thérèse of Lisieux, ''The Eagle and the Dove'', re-issued in 2018.{{sfn|Sackville-West|2011|p=}} === Painting, illustration, and sculpture === *''[[Saint Teresa of Ávila's Vision of the Holy Spirit]]'' is a 1612–1614 painting by [[Peter Paul Rubens]] and is exhibited in the [[Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen]] in [[Rotterdam]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collectie.boijmans.nl/en/collection/vdv-71|title=Saint Teresa of Avila's Vision of the Dove – Peter Paul Rubens (in 1612-1614)}}</ref> and Rubens' c. 1614 [[Saint Teresa of Ávila's Vision of the Holy Spirit (Cambridge)|painting of the same subject]] is in the [[Fitzwilliam Museum]], [[Cambridge]]. * Another Rubens portrait of Teresa, from 1615, is now in the collection of the [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]], [[Vienna]].<ref group=web name=khm.at /> * Saint Teresa was the inspiration for one of [[Bernini]]'s most famous sculptures, ''[[Ecstasy of Saint Teresa|The Ecstasy of St. Teresa]]'' (mid-17th century) in [[Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome]].{{sfn|Jordanova|2012|pp=79–94}}<ref group=web name=lumenlearning.com /> * ''St. Teresa'' was painted in 1819–20 by [[François Pascal Simon, Baron Gérard|François Gérard]], a French neoclassical painter.<ref group=web name=fraangelicoinstitute.com /> * ''St Theresa of Avila'' is a 1754-1755 painting by [[Joseph-Marie Vien]] and is exhibited in the [[New Orleans Museum of Art]] in New Orleans, Louisiana. ====Iconography==== Theresa is usually shown in the habit of the Discalced Carmelites, and writing in a book with a quill pen. Sometimes there is a dove, symbolizing the Holy Spirit.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stracke |first1=Richard |title=St. Teresa in Art |url=https://www.christianiconography.info/teresa.html |website=www.christianiconography.info}}</ref> === Drama and film === * [[Hugh Ross Williamson]] wrote a play, ''Teresa of Avila'', about her life, which premiered in London in 1961. * [[Performance art]]ist [[Linda Montano]] has cited Teresa of Ávila as one of the most important influences on her work and since her return to Catholicism in the 2000s has done performances of her life.{{sfn|Knowles|Heartney|Monk|Montano|2002|pp=18–34}} * ''[[Teresa de Jesús (film)|Teresa de Jesús]]'' (1984), directed by [[Josefina Molina]] and starring [[Concha Velasco]], is a Spanish made-for-TV mini-series. In it, Teresa is portrayed as the determined foundress of new Carmelite houses while protecting the [[Infant Jesus of Prague|infant Jesus]] statue on her many arduous journeys. The devotion to the Child Jesus spread quickly in Spain, possibly due to her mystical reputation, and then to other places, including [[France]].<ref group=web name=imdb /> * [[Nigel Wingrove]]'s 1989 short film ''[[Visions of Ecstasy]]'' was based on Teresa of Ávila. The film features fantasised sexualised scenes of Teresa with the body of [[Jesus]] on the cross. It is the only work to be refused certification by the [[British Board of Film Classification]] (BBFC) on the grounds of [[blasphemy]].<ref group=web name=BBC /> * Dževad Karahasan. ''The Delighted Angel'' drama about Teresa of Ávila and [[Rabija al-Adavija]], Vienna-Salzburg-Klagenfurt, ARBOS 1995.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} * [[Paz Vega]] stars as Teresa in ''[[Teresa, el cuerpo de Cristo]]'', a 2007 Spanish [[Biographical film|biopic]] directed by [[Ray Loriga]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Teresa, el cuerpo de Cristo |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0458500/ |website=IMDb |access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref> * St. Teresa also features prominently in the 2009 [[Ron Howard]] film, ''[[Angels and Demons]]'', where the Bernini sculpture, "The Ecstasy of St. Teresa", is an important clue in helping Robert Langdon ([[Tom Hanks]]) find an anti-matter bomb that is hidden in and set to destroy the [[Vatican City|Vatican]]. * [[Marian Álvarez]] portrays Teresa in the [[Teresa (2015 film)|2015 television film of the same name]] directed by [[Jorge Dorado]] and made for the 500th anniversary of her birth.<ref group=web name=sansebastianfestival.com /> * [[Blanca Portillo]], [[Greta Fernández]], and Ainet Jounou portray Teresa in the [[Teresa (2023 film)|2023 film of the same name]] directed by [[Paula Ortiz]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/cultura/cine/paula-ortiz-presenta-teresa-seminci-duda-motor-revolucionario-dogmatismos-fascismo_1_10624667.html|website=[[eldiario.es]]|title=Paula Ortiz presenta 'Teresa' en Seminci: "La duda es el motor más revolucionario contra los dogmatismos y el fascismo"|date=24 October 2023|first=Javier|last=Zurro|access-date=2 November 2023}}</ref> === Music === * [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] composed two [[motet]]s for the feast of Saint Teresa: ''Flores, flores o Gallia'' for two voices, two flutes and continuo (H.374), c. 1680 and the other, for three voices and continuo (H.342), in 1686–87. * She is a principal character of the opera ''[[Four Saints in Three Acts]]'' by the composer [[Virgil Thomson]] with a libretto by [[Gertrude Stein]].{{sfn|Park|2009|pp=28–44}}{{sfn|Tommasini|1998|p=}} * Saint Teresa is the subject of the song "Theresa's Sound-World" by [[Sonic Youth]] off the 1992 album ''[[Dirty (Sonic Youth album)|Dirty]]'', lyrics by [[Thurston Moore]].{{sfn|Hontiveros|2016}} * "Saint Teresa" is a track on [[Joan Osborne]]'s ''[[Relish (album)|Relish]]'' album, nominated for a [[Grammy Award]] in 1996.<ref group=web name=austriancharts.at /> * References to Saint Theresa and her visions appear in several songs across multiple albums by [[the Hold Steady]], including "Chicago Seemed Tired Last Night",<ref>{{Citation |title=The Hold Steady – Chicago Seemed Tired Last Night |url=https://genius.com/The-hold-steady-chicago-seemed-tired-last-night-lyrics |access-date=2023-05-05}}</ref> "The Sweet Part of the City",<ref>{{Citation |title=The Hold Steady – The Sweet Part of the City |url=https://genius.com/The-hold-steady-the-sweet-part-of-the-city-lyrics |access-date=2023-05-05}}</ref> and "Our Whole Lives"<ref>{{Citation |title=The Hold Steady – Our Whole Lives |url=https://genius.com/The-hold-steady-our-whole-lives-lyrics |access-date=2023-05-05}}</ref>
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