Editing Spirituality (section)

===Measurement===
Considerable debate persists about&nbsp;– among other factors&nbsp;– spirituality's relation to religion, the number and content of its dimensions, its relation to concepts of well-being, and its universality.<ref name="MAC">{{cite journal |last1=MacDonald |first1=Douglas A. |last2=Friedman |first2=Harris L. |last3=Brewczynski |first3=Jacek |last4=Holland |first4=Daniel |last5=Salagame |first5=Kiran Kumar K. |last6=Mohan |first6=K. Krishna |last7=Gubrij |first7=Zuzana Ondriasova |last8=Cheong |first8=Hye Wook |last9=Sueur |first9=Cédric |title=Spirituality as a Scientific Construct: Testing Its Universality across Cultures and Languages |journal=PLOS ONE |date=3 March 2015 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=e0117701 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0117701|pmid=25734921 |pmc=4348483 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1017701M |doi-access=free }}</ref> A number of research groups have developed instruments which attempt to measure spirituality quantitatively, including unidimensional (e.g. the Character Strength Inventory—Spirituality <ref>Schuurmans-Stekhoven, J.B. (2014). "Measuring Spirituality as Personal Belief in Supernatural Forces: Is the Character Strength Inventory-Spirituality subscale a brief, reliable and valid measure?". Implicit Religion. 17 (2): 211–222. doi:10.1558/imre.v17i2.211.</ref> and the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale) and multi-dimensional (e.g. Spiritual Transcendence Scale (STS) and the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS)) scales. MacDonald et al. gave an "Expressions of Spirituality Inventory" (ESI-R) measuring five dimensions of spirituality to over 4000 persons across eight countries. The study results and interpretation highlighted the complexity and challenges of measurement of spirituality cross-culturally.<ref name="MAC"/>