Editing Sexism (section)

=== Domestic violence ===
{{Further|Honor killing|Acid throwing|Dowry death}}
[[File:Acid attack victim.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|alt=Portrait of a female acid attack victim showing facial injuries | Acid attack victim in [[Cambodia]]]]

Although the exact rates are widely disputed, there is a large body of cross-cultural evidence that [[domestic violence]] is mostly committed by men against women.<ref name="Dobash 1992">{{cite journal |last1=Dobash |first1=R. P. |last2=Dobash |first2=R. E. |last3=Wilson |first3=M. |last4=Daly |first4=M. |title=The Myth of Sexual Symmetry in Marital Violence |journal=[[Social Problems]] |volume=39 |pages=71–91 |year=1992 |doi=10.1525/sp.1992.39.1.03x0064l}}</ref><ref name="Compton 2010">{{cite book |last=Compton |first=Michael T. |title=Clinical Manual of Prevention in Mental Health |year=2010 |publisher=[[American Psychiatric Publishing]] |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-1-58562-347-1 |page=245 |edition=1st |quote=Women are more often the victims of domestic violence than men and are more likely to suffer injuries and health consequences{{nbsp}}...}}</ref><ref name="Brinkerhoff 2008">{{cite book |last=Brinkerhoff |first=David B. |author2=Lynn K. White |author3=Suzanne T. Ortega |author4=Rose Weitz |title=Essentials of Sociology |year=2008 |publisher=[[Thomson/Wadsworth]] |isbn=978-0-495-09636-8 |page=13 |edition=7th |quote=A conflict analysis of domestic violence, for example, would begin by noting that women are battered far more often and far more severely than are men{{nbsp}}...}}</ref> In addition, there is a broad consensus that women are more often subjected to severe forms of abuse and are more likely to be injured by an abusive partner.<ref name="Compton 2010" /><ref name="Brinkerhoff 2008" /> The United Nations recognizes domestic violence as a form of [[gender-based violence]], which it describes as a [[human rights]] violation, and the result of sexism.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/48/a48r104.htm |date=20 December 1993 |title=A/RES/48/104. Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women |publisher=United Nations General Assembly |access-date=March 16, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404072416/https://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/48/a48r104.htm |archive-date=Apr 4, 2015}}</ref>

Domestic violence is tolerated and even legally accepted in many parts of the world. For instance, in 2010, the [[United Arab Emirates]] (UAE)'s Supreme Court ruled that a man has the right to discipline his wife and children physically if he does not leave visible marks.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.cnn.com/2010-10-19/world/uae.court.ruling_1_islamic-law-sharia-law-ruling?_s=PM:WORLD |title=Court in UAE says beating wife, child OK if no marks are left |work=CNN |access-date=July 20, 2013 |date=October 19, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325143850/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-10-19/world/uae.court.ruling_1_islamic-law-sharia-law-ruling?_s=PM%3AWORLD |archive-date=March 25, 2012}}</ref> In 2015, [[Equality Now]] drew attention to a section of the Penal Code of Northern Nigeria, titled ''Correction of Child, Pupil, Servant or Wife'' which reads: "(1) Nothing is an offence which does not amount to the infliction of grievous hurt upon any persons which is done:&nbsp;(...) (d) by a husband for the purpose of correcting his wife, such husband and wife being subject to any native law or custom in which such correction is recognized as lawful."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.equalitynow.org/law/the_penal_code_of_northern_nigeria |title=The Penal Code of Northern Nigeria |publisher=Equalitynow.org |date=February 6, 2015 |access-date=March 31, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123608/http://www.equalitynow.org/law/the_penal_code_of_northern_nigeria |archive-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref>

[[Honor killings]] are another form of domestic violence practiced in several parts of the world, and their victims are predominantly women.<ref name="Maris 2001">{{cite journal |last=Maris |first=Cees |author2=Sawitri Saharso |title=Honour Killing: A Case for Cultural Defense? |journal=Pluralism and Law: Proceedings of the 20th IVR World Congress, Amsterdam, 2001 |year=2001 |volume=3 |page=108}}</ref> Honor killings can occur because of refusal to enter into an arranged marriage, maintaining a relationship relatives disapprove of, extramarital sex, becoming the victim of rape, dress seen as inappropriate, or homosexuality.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/honourcrimes/crimesofhonour_1.shtml#h3 |title=Ethics—Honour crimes |website=BBC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223212110/https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/honourcrimes/crimesofhonour_1.shtml#h3 |archive-date= Feb 23, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/01/13/world/europe/turkey-gay-killing |work=CNN |title=Shocking gay honor killing inspires movie |first1=Ivan |last1=Watson |date=January 13, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=  https://web.archive.org/web/20230604210723/https://edition.cnn.com/2012/01/13/world/europe/turkey-gay-killing/ |archive-date= Jun 4, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/CRIME/02/23/arizona.iraqi.father/index.html |work=CNN |title=Iraqi immigrant convicted in Arizona 'honor killing' awaits sentence |date=February 23, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922084250/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/CRIME/02/23/arizona.iraqi.father/index.html |archive-date= Sep 22, 2022 }}</ref> The [[United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime]] states that, "[h]onour crimes, including killing, are one of history's oldest forms of gender-based violence".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/hb_eff_police_responses.pdf |title=Handbook on Effective police responses to violence against women |date=2010 |website=UNODC |access-date=December 4, 2019}}</ref>

According to a report of the Special Rapporteur submitted to the 58th session of the [[United Nations Commission on Human Rights]] concerning cultural practices in the family that reflect violence against women:
<blockquote>The Special Rapporteur indicated that there had been contradictory decisions with regard to the honor defense in [[Brazil]], and that legislative provisions allowing for partial or complete defense in that context could be found in the penal codes of Argentina, Ecuador, Egypt, Guatemala, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Peru, Syria, Venezuela, and the [[Palestinian National Authority]].<ref name="UN Secretary-General 2002">''Working towards the elimination of crimes against women committed in the name of honour: Report of the Secretary-General''. July 2, 2002. United Nations General Assembly.</ref></blockquote>

Practices such as honor killings and stoning continue to be supported by mainstream politicians and other officials in some countries. In Pakistan, after the 2008 [[Honour killing in Pakistan|Balochistan honor killings]] in which five women were killed by tribesmen of the [[Umrani|Umrani Tribe]] of [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]], Pakistani federal minister for Postal Services [[Israr Ullah Zehri]] defended the practice:<ref name="Hussain 2008">{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article4678530.ece |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110430103927/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article4678530.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 30, 2011 |title=Three teenagers buried alive in 'honour killings' |access-date=September 5, 2008 |work=[[Times Online]] |location=London |first=Zahid |last=Hussain |date=September 5, 2008}}{{subscription required}}</ref> "These are centuries-old traditions, and I will continue to defend them. Only those who indulge in immoral acts should be afraid."<ref name="Telegraph 2008">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/2660881/Pakistani-women-buried-alive-for-choosing-husbands.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/2660881/Pakistani-women-buried-alive-for-choosing-husbands.html |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Pakistani women buried alive 'for choosing husbands' |access-date=September 1, 2008 |work=Telegraph |location=London |date=September 1, 2008}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Following the 2006 case of [[Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani]] (which has placed Iran under international pressure for its stoning sentences), [[Mohammad-Javad Larijani]], a senior envoy and chief of Iran's Human Rights Council, defended the practice of stoning; he claimed it was a "lesser punishment" than [[Capital punishment|execution]], because it allowed those convicted a chance at survival.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/outrage-iran-human-rights-officials-defense-stoning/story?id=12193085#.UE4Qi64Zh0I |title=Outrage Over Iran Human Rights Official's Defense of Stoning |publisher=ABC News |date=November 19, 2010 |access-date=July 20, 2013}}</ref>

[[Dowry deaths]] result from the killing of women who are unable to pay the high dowry price for their marriage. According to [[Amnesty International]], "the ongoing reality of dowry-related violence is an example of what can happen when women are treated as property".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/our-work/issues/women-s-rights/violence-against-women/violence-against-women-information |title=Violence Against Women Information |website=Amnesty International USA}}</ref>