Editing Recycling (section)

== Public participation rates ==
[[File:Municipal recycling facilities, Montgomery County, MD. 2007, Credit USEPA (14410405277).jpg|thumb|[[Single-stream recycling]] increases public participation rates, but requires additional sorting.]]
[[File:Better recycling is a priority, especially in Central and Eastern Europe. More specifically, concerning consumption, which two actions should be prioritised to combat climate change?.svg|thumb|Better recycling is a priority in the [[European Union]], especially in Central and Eastern Europe among respondents of the 2020–21 European Investment Bank Climate Survey.]]
Changes that have been demonstrated to increase recycling rates include:
* [[Single-stream recycling]]
* [[Pay as you throw]] fees for trash
In a study done by social psychologist Shawn Burn,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Burn |first1=Shawn |year=2006 |title=Social Psychology and the Stimulation of Recycling Behaviors: The Block Leader Approach |journal=Journal of Applied Social Psychology |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=611–629 |citeseerx=10.1.1.462.1934 |doi=10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00539.x}}</ref> it was found that personal contact with individuals within a neighborhood is the most effective way to increase recycling within a community. In her study, she had 10 block leaders talk to their neighbors and persuade them to recycle. A comparison group was sent fliers promoting recycling. It was found that the neighbors that were personally contacted by their block leaders recycled much more than the group without personal contact. As a result of this study, Shawn Burn believes that personal contact within a small group of people is an important factor in encouraging recycling. Another study done by Stuart Oskamp<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oskamp |first1=Stuart |year=1995 |title=Resource Conservation and Recycling: Behavior and Policy |journal=Journal of Social Issues |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=157–177 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-4560.1995.tb01353.x}}</ref> examines the effect of neighbors and friends on recycling. It was found in his studies that people who had friends and neighbors that recycled were much more likely to also recycle than those who did not have friends and neighbors that recycled.

Many schools have created recycling awareness clubs in order to give young students an insight on recycling. These schools believe that the clubs actually encourage students to not only recycle at school but at home as well.

Recycling of metals varies extremely by type. Titanium and lead have an extremely high recycling rates of over 90%. Copper and cobalt have high rates of recycling around 75%. Only about half of aluminum is recycled. Most of the remaining metals have recycling rates of below 35%, while 34 types of metals have recycling rates of under 1%.<ref>{{cite book |title=Recycling Rates of Metals: A status report |date=2011 |publisher=United Nations Environment Programme |isbn=978-92-807-3161-3 |url=https://www.resourcepanel.org/reports/recycling-rates-metals |access-date=10 April 2021 |archive-date=10 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110084707/https://www.resourcepanel.org/reports/recycling-rates-metals |url-status=live }}</ref>

"Between 1960 and 2000, the world production of plastic resins increased 25 times its original amount, while recovery of the material remained below 5 percent."<ref name="Moore08">{{cite journal |last1 = Moore |first1 = C. J. |year = 2008 |title = Synthetic polymers in the marine environment: A rapidly increasing, long-term threat |journal = Environmental Research |volume = 108 |pages = 131–139 |doi = 10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.025 |pmid = 18949831 |issue = 2 |bibcode = 2008ER....108..131M |s2cid = 26874262 }}</ref>{{rp|131}} Many studies have addressed recycling behaviour and strategies to encourage community involvement in recycling programs. It has been argued<ref>{{cite journal | last=Schackelford | first=T.K. | year=2006 | title=Recycling, evolution and the structure of human personality | journal=Personality and Individual Differences | volume=41 | issue=8 | pages=1551–1556 | doi=10.1016/j.paid.2006.07.020}}</ref> that recycling behavior is not natural because it requires a focus and appreciation for long-term planning, whereas humans have evolved to be sensitive to short-term survival goals; and that to overcome this innate predisposition, the best solution would be to use social pressure to compel participation in recycling programs. However, recent studies have concluded that social pressure does not work in this context.<ref>{{Cite journal |url = http://sapiens.revues.org/index905.html |title = Social pressure and recycling: a brief review, commentary and extensions |journal = S.A.P.I.EN.S |volume = 3 |issue = 1 |date = 4 February 2010 |access-date = 6 November 2012 |last1 = Pratarelli |first1 = Marc E. |archive-date = 20 February 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230220183224/https://journals.openedition.org/sapiens/905 |url-status = live }}</ref> One reason for this is that social pressure functions well in small group sizes of 50 to 150 individuals (common to nomadic hunter–gatherer peoples) but not in communities numbering in the millions, as we see today. Another reason is that individual recycling does not take place in the public view.

Following the increasing popularity of recycling collection being sent to the same landfills as trash, some people kept on putting recyclables on the recyclables bin.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/recycling-rethink-what-to-do-with-trash-now-china-wont-take-it-11576776536 |title=Recycling Rethink: What to Do With Trash Now That China Won't Take It |first=Saabira |last=Chaudhuri |date=December 19, 2019 |work=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=21 December 2019 |archive-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221221542/https://www.wsj.com/articles/recycling-rethink-what-to-do-with-trash-now-china-wont-take-it-11576776536 |url-status=live }}</ref>