Editing Racism (section)

=== Human zoos ===
[[Human zoo]]s (called "People Shows"), were an important means of bolstering ''popular racism'' by connecting it to scientific racism: they were both objects of public curiosity and of [[anthropology]] and [[anthropometry]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/979954/ |title=On A Neglected Aspect Of Western Racism |first=Kurt |last=Jonassohn |date=December 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202161436/https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/id/eprint/979954/ |archive-date=2 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Human zoos – Racist theme parks for Europe's colonialists |work=[[Le Monde diplomatique]] |date=August 2000 |url=http://mondediplo.com/2000/08/07humanzoo |first1=Pascal |last1=Blanchard |first2=Sandrine |last2=Lemaire |first3=Nicolas |last3=Bancel |name-list-style=amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519143603/https://mondediplo.com/2000/08/07humanzoo |archive-date=19 May 2024}}; {{cite news |title=Ces zoos humains de la République coloniale |trans-title=These human zoos of the Colonial Republic |work=[[Le Monde diplomatique]] |date=August 2000 |url=http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2000/08/BANCEL/14145.html |language=fr }}</ref> [[Joice Heth]], an African-American slave, was displayed by [[Phineas Taylor Barnum|P.T. Barnum]] in 1836, a few years after the exhibition of [[Saartjie Baartman]], the "Hottentot Venus", in England. Such exhibitions became common in the New Imperialism period, and remained so until World War II. [[Carl Hagenbeck]], inventor of the modern zoos, exhibited animals beside humans who were considered "savages".<ref name="Diplo">{{cite news |url=http://mondediplo.com/2000/08/07humanzoo |title=Human Zoos |first1=Nicolas |last1=Bancel |first2=Pascal |last2=Blanchard |first3=Sandrine |last3=Lemaire |work=[[Le Monde diplomatique]] |date=August 2000 }} [http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2000/08/BANCEL/14145.html French – free]</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1252/is_16_131/ai_n13463375 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120629100243/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1252/is_16_131/ai_n13463375 |archive-date=29 June 2012 |title=Savages and Beasts – The Birth of the Modern Zoo |first=Nigel |last=Rothfels |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]}}</ref>

Congolese [[Pygmies|pygmy]] [[Ota Benga]] was displayed in 1906 by [[eugenicist]] [[Madison Grant]], head of the [[Bronx Zoo]], as an attempt to illustrate the "missing link" between humans and [[orangutan]]s: thus, racism was tied to [[Darwinism]], creating a [[social Darwinism|social Darwinist]] ideology that tried to ground itself in [[Charles Darwin|Darwin]]'s scientific discoveries. The 1931 Paris [[Colonial Exhibition]] displayed [[Kanaks]] from [[New Caledonia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.port.ac.uk/special/france1815to2003/chapter6/interviews/filetodownload,18533,en.pdf |title= The Colonial Exhibition of May 1931 |access-date=1 August 2006 |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215171736/http://www2.port.ac.uk/special/france1815to2003/chapter6/interviews/filetodownload,18533,en.pdf |url-status=dead}}&nbsp;{{small|(96.6&nbsp;KB)}} by Michael G. Vann, History Dept., [[Santa Clara University]]</ref> A "Congolese village" was on display as late as 1958 at the [[Expo '58|Brussels' World Fair]].