Editing Proportional representation (section)

== List of countries using proportional representation ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ List of countries using proportional representation to elect the lower (or only) house of national legislature
|-
| colspan="4" |[[File:Proportional voting systems.svg|center|frameless|500x500px]]
|-
|
{{legend|#0000B4|Party-list PR}}
|{{legend|#37C871|Single transferable vote}}
|{{legend|#5A2CA0|Mixed-member proportional}}
|{{legend|#FF00CC|Mixed-member majoritarian}}
|}

Eighty-five countries in the world use a proportional electoral system to fill a nationally elected legislative body.

The table below lists those countries and gives information on the specific PR system that is in use.

Detailed information on electoral systems applying to the first chamber of the legislature is maintained by the [[ACE Electoral Knowledge Network]].<ref>{{cite web |website=ACE Project |title=What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature? |url=http://aceproject.org/epic-en/CDMap?question=ES005&set_language=en |access-date=24 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=ACE Project |title=What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature? |url=http://aceproject.org/epic-en/CDTable?question=ES005&view=country&set_language=en |access-date=24 October 2017}}</ref> Countries using PR as part of a [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation|mixed-member majoritarian]] (e.g. [[parallel voting]]) system are not included.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country
! Body
!Type of body
! colspan="2" |Type of proportional system
! List type
(if applicable)
! Variation of [[Open list#Variation|open lists]]
(if applicable)
! Allocating formula
! [[Electoral threshold]]
! [[#District magnitude|Constit{{shy}}uencies]]
! Governmental system
! Notes
|-
! [[Elections in Albania|Albania]]
|[[Parliament of Albania|Parliament]] (Kuvendi)
|Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
|?
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|4% nationally or 2.5% in a district
|Counties
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Algeria|Algeria]]
|[[People's National Assembly]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
|?
|[[Hare quota]]
|5% of votes in respective district.<ref name="algeriaACE">{{cite web |date=10 May 2012 |title=Final Report on Algeria's Legislative Elections |url=http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/DZ/algeria-final-report-legislative-elections-ndi/at_download/file |access-date=10 January 2015 |website=ACE Project |publisher=National Democratic Institute |format=pdf}}</ref>
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Angola|Angola]]
|[[National Assembly of Angola|National Assembly]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#fdd" | [[Closed list]]
| —
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}
|5 member districts and nationwide
|
|[[Double simultaneous vote]] use to elect the President and the National Assembly at the same election.
|-
! [[Elections in Argentina|Argentina]]
|[[Chamber of Deputies (Argentina)|Chamber of Deputies]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#fdd" | [[Closed list]]
| —
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|3% of registered voters
|Provinces
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Elections in Armenia|Armenia]]
| rowspan="2" |[[National Assembly (Armenia)|National Assembly]]
| rowspan="2" |Unicameral national legislature
| rowspan="2" style="background:#0066FF" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]] with [[Majority bonus system|majority jackpot]] and minority jackpot<ref>Following electoral system amendments introduced in April 2021, members of parliament are elected only through closed party lists by party list proportional representation method but with more seats added if leading party takes more than 2/3 of seats or after two-round of voting no party takes more than 54 percent of the seats</ref>
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
|?
|[[Largest remainder method]] (? quota)
| rowspan="2" |5% (parties), 7% (blocs)
|
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |Party lists run-off, but only if necessary to ensure stable majority of 54% if it is not achieved either immediately (one party) or through building a coalition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Armenia, Parliamentary Elections, 2 April 2017: Needs Assessment Mission Report |url=https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/armenia/293546 |access-date=30 May 2022 |website=[[osce.org]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DocumentView |url=https://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=109081 |website=www.arlis.am}}</ref> If a party would win more than 2/3 seats, at least 1/3 seats are distributed to the other parties.
|-
| style="background:#fdd" | [[Closed list]]
| —
|[[Largest remainder method]] (? quota)
|
|-
! [[Elections in Aruba|Aruba]] {{small|([[Kingdom of the Netherlands]])}}
|[[Parliament of Aruba|Parliament]]
|Unicameral [[Kingdom of the Netherlands#Constituent countries|constituent country]] legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Australia|Australia]]
|[[Australian Senate|Senate]] 
|Upper house of national legislature
| style="background:#37C871" | 
| [[Single transferable vote]]
| —
| —
|
|
|[[States and territories of Australia]]
|[[Australian Government|Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy]]
|
|-
! rowspan="3" | [[Elections in Austria|Austria]]
| rowspan="3" |[[National Council (Austria)|National Council]]
| rowspan="3" |Lower house of national legislature
| rowspan="3" style="background:#0066FF" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
|[[Open list#More open|More open]]:
14% on the district level
|[[Hare quota]]
| rowspan="3" |4%
|Single-member districts within federal states (''Länder'')
| rowspan="3" |[[Parliamentary republic]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
|[[Open list#More open|More open]]:
10% on the regional (state) level
|[[Hare quota]]
|Federal states (''Länder'')
|-
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
|[[Open list#More open|More open]]: 7% of the on the federal level 
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|Single federal (nationwide) constituency
|-
! [[Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)|Belgium]]
|[[Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)|Chamber of Representatives]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
|?
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|5%
|Electoral districts
|[[Federalism|Federal]] parliamentary [[constitutional monarchy]]
|
|-
! [[Elections in Benin|Benin]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Closed list]]
| —
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Elections in Bolivia|Bolivia]]
|[[Chamber of Deputies (Bolivia)|Chamber of Deputies]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#5A2CA0" | 
| [[Additional member system]]{{snd}}MMP (fixed number of seats{{snd}}no leveling seats)
| style="background:#fdd" | [[Closed list]]
| —
|
|3%
|
| rowspan="2" |Unitary [[presidential republic]]
| rowspan="2" |Ballots use the [[double simultaneous vote]]: voters cast a single vote for a presidential candidate and their party's list and local candidates at the same time (vote splitting is not possible/allowed)
|-
|[[Chamber of Senators (Bolivia)|Chamber of Senators]]
|Upper house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" | 
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#fdd" | [[Closed list]]
| —
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
|[[House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina|House of Representatives]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Open list]]
|?
| [[Sainte-Laguë method]]
|
|Electoral districts
|[[Federal republic|Federal]] parliamentary [[Directorial system|directorial republic]]
|
|-
! [[Elections in Brazil|Brazil]]
|[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd"|[[Open list]]
|?
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|2% distributed in at least 9 federation units with at least 1% of the valid votes in each one of them
|States and federal district
|[[Presidential republic|Presidential Republic]]
|
|-
! [[Elections in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]
|[[National Assembly (Bulgaria)|National Assembly]]
|Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Open list]]
|?
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|4%
|Electoral districts
|[[Unitary parliamentary republic]]
|
|-
! [[Elections in Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]]
|[[National Assembly of Burkina Faso|National Assembly]]
|Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Closed list]]
| —
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Burundi|Burundi]]
|[[National Assembly (Burundi)|National Assembly]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Closed list]]
| —
|
|2%
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Cape Verde|Cape Verde]]
|[[National Assembly (Cape Verde)|National Assembly]]
|Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Closed list]]
| —
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Chile|Chile]]
|[[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Elections in Colombia|Colombia]]
|[[Chamber of Representatives of Colombia|Chamber of Representatives]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| [[Closed list]]
| —
|
|
|
| rowspan="2" |Unitary [[presidential republic]]
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|[[Senate of Colombia|Senate]]
|Upper house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" | 
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Closed list]]
| —
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Costa Rica|Costa Rica]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Closed list]]
| —
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Croatia|Croatia]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Open list]]
|
|
|5%
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Cyprus|Cyprus]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Open list]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]<ref name="auto3"/>
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
|
|[[Imperiali quota]]
|5%
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Denmark|Denmark]]
| [[Folketing]]
| Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
|
| [[Sainte-Laguë method]] for leveling seats
|2%
|
| [[Parliamentary system]]
| 135 [[constituency]] seats, 40 [[leveling seats]]
|-
! [[Elections in the Dominican Republic|Dominican Republic]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Closed list]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Ecuador|Ecuador]]
|[[National Congress of Ecuador|National Congress]]
|Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#fdd" | [[Closed list]]
| —
|[[Sainte-Laguë method]]
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in El Salvador|El Salvador]]
|[[Legislative Assembly of El Salvador|Legislative Assembly]]
|Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Equatorial Guinea|Equatorial Guinea]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Riigikogu|Estonia]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Open list]]
|
|
|5%
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" | [[Elections to the European Parliament|European Union]]
| rowspan="3" |[[European Parliament]]
| rowspan="3" |Lower house of supranational legislature
| rowspan="2" style="background:#0066FF" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]] in 25 member states
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]] in 19 countries
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Closed list]] (Germany, France, Portugal, Spain, Hungary, Romania)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| style="background:#37C871" |
|[[Single transferable vote]] in Ireland and Malta
| —
| —
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in the Faroe Islands|Faroe Islands]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Fiji|Fiji]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|5%
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Finland|Finland]]
| [[Eduskunta|Parliament]] (Eduskunta)
| Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
| —
| [[D'Hondt method]]
| None
| Electoral districts
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Germany|Germany]]
|[[Bundestag|Federal Assembly]] (Bundestag)
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#5A2CA0" |
| [[Mixed-member proportional representation|Mixed-member PR]]
| style="background:#fdd" | [[Closed list]]
| —
|[[Sainte-Laguë method]]
|5% regionally
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Greece|Greece]]
|[[Hellenic Parliament|Parliament]] (Boule)
| Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Majority bonus system]] (reinforced party-list proportionality)
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
|Apart from snap elections
|[[Hare quota]]
|3% nationally + tiered bonus of the seats (from 25% of the votes a seat is added for each 0.5% the first party gets)
|Prefectures (apart from Attica and Thessaloniki)
|[[Parliamentary republic]]
|
|-
! [[Elections in Greenland|Greenland]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Guatemala|Guatemala]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Guinea-Bissau|Guinea-Bissau]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Guyana|Guyana]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Honduras|Honduras]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Iceland|Iceland]]
| [[Althing]]
| Unicameral national legislature 
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Indonesia|Indonesia]]
| [[House of Representatives (Indonesia)|House of Representatives]]
| Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd" | [[Open list]]
|
| [[Sainte-Laguë method]]
|4%
| Constituency (electoral districts: groups of [[List of regencies and cities of Indonesia|regencies and cities]] in [[Provinces of Indonesia|Indonesian provinces]])
| [[Unitary state|Unitary]] presidential [[constitutional republic]]
|
|-
! [[Elections in the Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
| [[Dáil Éireann]]
| Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#37C871" |
| [[Single transferable vote]] seats with 3–5 members
| —
| —
|
|
|
|[[Unitary parliamentary republic]]
|
|-
! [[Elections in Israel|Israel]]
|[[Knesset]]
|Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|3.25%
|
|[[Unitary parliamentary republic]]
|
|-
! [[Elections in Kosovo|Kosovo]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
| [[Sainte-Laguë method]]
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Latvia|Latvia]]
|[[Saeima]]
|Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd" | [[Open list]]
|[[Open list#Most open|Most open]]
|[[Sainte-Laguë method]]
|5%
|5 multi-member constituencies consisting of [[Administrative divisions of Latvia|municipalities]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saeimas vēlēšanu likums |url=https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=35261 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=LIKUMI.LV |at=Section 7. |language=lv}}</ref>
|[[Parliamentary republic]]
|
|-
! [[Elections in Lebanon|Lebanon]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Lesotho|Lesotho]]
|
|
| style="background:#5A2CA0" |
| [[Mixed-member proportional representation|Mixed-member PR]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Variant using a [[mixed single vote]]
|-
! [[Landtag of Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein]]
|[[Landtag of Liechtenstein|Landtag]]
|Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|8%
|Constituencies (electoral districts)
|[[Parliamentary system]]
|
|-
! [[Elections in Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]
|[[Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg)|Chamber of Deputies]]
|Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
| [[Panachage]]
| [[Hagenbach-Bischoff system]]
|
|[[Constituencies of Luxembourg|Constituencies]]
|[[Parliamentary system]]
|
|-
! [[Elections in North Macedonia|Macedonia]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Malta|Malta]]
|
|
| style="background:#37C871" |
| [[Single transferable vote]]
| —
| —
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Moldova|Moldova]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|6%
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Montenegro|Montenegro]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|3%
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Mozambique|Mozambique]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Namibia|Namibia]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in the Netherlands|Netherlands]]
|[[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
|[[Open list#More open|More open]]: 25% of the quota for one seat (0.167%)
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|0.667% (1/150)
| None (votes are tallied in a single nationwide constituency)
|[[Parliamentary system]]
|
|-
! [[Elections in New Zealand|New Zealand]]
|[[House of Representatives (New Zealand)|House of Representatives]]
|Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#5A2CA0" |
| [[Mixed-member proportional representation|Mixed-member PR]]
|
|
|[[Sainte-Laguë method]]
|5% or 1 district won
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Nepal|Nepal]]
|
|
| style="background:#5A2CA0" |
| [[Mixed-member proportional representation|Mixed-member PR]]
|
|
|[[Sainte-Laguë method]]
|3%
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Norway|Norway]]
| [[Storting]]
| Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|[[Sainte-Laguë method]]
|4%
|
|
|
|-
![[Elections in Palestine|Palestine]]
|
|
|style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Paraguay|Paraguay]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Peru|Peru]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|5%
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Poland|Poland]]
|[[Sejm]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
|
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|5% threshold or more for single parties, 8% or more for coalitions or 0% or more for minorities
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Portugal|Portugal]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Closed list]]
| —
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Romania|Romania]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Closed list]]
| —
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Rwanda|Rwanda]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Closed list]]
| —
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in San Marino|San Marino]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]] with contingent majority jackpot runoff
|[[Open list]]
|
| 
| 3.5%
|
|
| If needed to ensure a stable majority, the two best-placed parties participate in a run-off vote to receive a [[Majority bonus system|majority bonus]]. 
|-
! [[Elections in São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé and Príncipe]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Closed list]]
| —
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Serbia|Serbia]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Closed list]]
|
|
|3%
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Sint Maarten|Sint Maarten]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| style="background:#dfd" |[[Open list]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Slovakia|Slovakia]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Open list]]
|
|
|5%
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Elections in Slovenia|Slovenia]]
|
|
| rowspan="2" style="background:#0066FF" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Open list]]
|
|[[Largest remainder method|Largest remainder]] (Droop quota)
|4%
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|[[d'Hondt method]]
|4%
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in South Africa|South Africa]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|[[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|[[Closed list]] at large
| —
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Spain|Spain]]
| [[Congress of Deputies]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPU PARLINE database: SPAIN (Congreso de los Diputados), Electoral system |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2293_B.htm |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref>
| style="background:#fdd" | [[Closed list]]
| —
| [[D'Hondt method]]
| 3%
| [[Provinces of Spain]]
| [[Parliamentary system]]
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Elections in Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Parliament of Sri Lanka|Parliament]]
| 
| rowspan="2" style="background:#0066FF" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=IFES Election Guide &#124; Elections: Sri Lanka Parliament 2020 |url=https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3498/ |website=www.electionguide.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IPU PARLINE database: SRI LANKA (Parliament), Electoral system |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline/reports/2295_B.htm |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Report of the Post-Election Assessment of Sri Lanka Mission: November 28 – December 2, 2000 |url=https://www.ndi.org/files/1198_lk_postelect122000.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232543/https://www.ndi.org/files/1198_lk_postelect122000.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=www.ndi.org}}</ref>
| style="background:#dfd" | [[Open list]] (district lists elect 196/225 seats)
| [[Panachage]] (up to 3 preference votes)<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2020 |title=Sri Lanka electors can vote for one party, three preferences in 2020 general elections: polls chief |url=https://economynext.com/sri-lanka-electors-can-vote-for-one-party-three-preferences-in-2020-general-elections-polls-chief-72625 |website=EconomyNext}}</ref>
|[[Hare quota]]
| 5% (per constituency)
| Constituencies (electoral districts)
| rowspan="2" | [[Semi-presidential system]]
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|
| style="background:#fdd" | [[Closed list]] (national list to elect 29/225 seats)
| —
| [[Hare quota]]
| No threshold
| None (single nationwide constituency)
|-
! [[Elections in Suriname|Suriname]]
| [[National Assembly (Suriname)|National Assembly]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPU PARLINE database: SURINAME (Nationale Assemblee), Electoral system |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2299_B.htm |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref>
| style="background:#dfd" | [[Open list]]
| [[Open list#Most open|Most open]]
| [[D'Hondt method]]
| No threshold
| [[Districts of Suriname]]
| [[List of countries by system of government#Assembly-independent republics|Assembly-independent republic]]
|
|-
! [[Elections in Sweden|Sweden]]
| [[Riksdag]]
| Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=IFES Election Guide &#124; Elections: Sweden Parliament 2018 |url=https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3066/ |website=www.electionguide.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IPU PARLINE database: SWEDEN (Riksdagen), Electoral system |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2303_B.htm |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref>
| style="background:#dfd" , | [[Open list]]
| [[Open list#More open|More open]] (5% of the party vote to override the default party-list)<ref>Swedish Election Authority: [http://www.val.se/pdf/electionsinsweden_webb.pdf Elections in Sweden: The way its done] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225072954/http://www.val.se/pdf/electionsinsweden_webb.pdf|date=25 February 2009}} (page 16)</ref>
| [[Sainte-Laguë method]]
| 4% nationally or 12% in a given constituency
| [[Counties of Sweden]] (some counties are further subdivided)
| [[Parliamentary system]]
| [[Leveling seat]]s
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Elections in Switzerland|Switzerland]]
| [[National Council (Switzerland)|National Council]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPU PARLINE database: SWITZERLAND (Nationalrat{{snd}}Conseil national{{snd}}Consiglio nazionale), Electoral system |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2305_B.htm |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref>
| style="background:#dfd" | [[Open list]]
| [[Panachage]]
| [[Hagenbach-Bischoff system]]
| No threshold
| [[Cantons of Switzerland]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Semi-direct democracy]] under an [[assembly-independent]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shugart |first1=Matthew Søberg |date=December 2005 |title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns |journal=French Politics |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=323–351 |doi=10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087 |s2cid=73642272 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Elgie |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Government Systems, Party Politics, and Institutional Engineering in the Round |journal=Insight Turkey |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=79–92 |issn=1302-177X |jstor=26300453}}</ref> [[Directorial system|directorial]] [[republic]]
|
|-
| [[Council of States (Switzerland)|Council of States]]<br />(only to elect councillors in:

* [[Canton of Jura|Jura]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=IFES Election Guide &#124; Elections: Switzerland Council of States 2019 |url=https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3448/ |website=www.electionguide.org}}</ref>
* [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]])<ref name="auto" />
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPU PARLINE database: SWITZERLAND (Ständerat{{snd}}Conseil des Etats{{snd}}Consiglio degli Stati), Electoral system |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2306_B.htm |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref>
| style="background:#dfd" | [[Open list]]
| [[Open list#Most open|Most open]]
| ?
| No threshold<ref>Thresholds moot due to these cantons only electing 2 Councillors</ref>
| None (single cantonwide constituency)<ref>As these cantons only send two members to the [[Council of States (Switzerland)|Council of States]], further subdividing these cantons into constituencies while retaining proportionality would be mathematically impossible)</ref>
|
|-
! [[Elections in Thailand|Thailand]]
| [[House of Representatives (Thailand)|House of Representatives]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#5A2CA0" |
| [[Mixed-member proportional representation|Mixed-member PR]]<ref>{{Cite news  |title=Explainer: New rules for the House of Representatives |newspaper=Bangkok Post |date=6 January 2019 |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/1605898/explainer-new-rules-for-the-house-of-representatives}}</ref>
| style="background:#fdd" | [[Closed list]]
| —
| [[Largest remainder method]] (? quota)
| No threshold
| None (single nationwide constituency)
| [[Parliamentary system]] under a [[constitutional monarchy]]
|Next elections are to be held under [[parallel voting]]
|-
! [[Elections in Timor-Leste|Timor-Leste]]
|
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Elections in Togo|Togo]]
| [[National Assembly (Togo)|National Assembly]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPU PARLINE database: TOGO (Assemblée nationale), Electoral system |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2315_B.htm |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref>
| style="background:#fdd" | [[Closed list]]
| —
| [[Highest averages method]] (?)
| No threshold
| Constituencies
| [[Presidential system]]
|
|-
! [[Elections in Tunisia|Tunisia]]
| [[Assembly of the Representatives of the People]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=IFES Election Guide &#124; Elections: Tunisia Parliament 2019 |url=https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3175/ |website=www.electionguide.org}}</ref>
| style="background:#fdd" | [[Closed list]]
| —
| [[Largest remainder method]] (? quota)
| No threshold
| Constituencies
| [[Semi-presidential system]]
|
|-
! [[Elections in Turkey|Turkey]]
| [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|Grand National Assembly]]
|Unicameral national legislature
| style="background:#0066FF" |
| [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=IFES Election Guide &#124; Elections: Turkey Grand National Assembly 2018 |url=https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3078/ |website=www.electionguide.org}}</ref>
| style="background:#fdd" | [[Closed list]]
| —
| [[D'Hondt method]]
| 7%
| [[Provinces of Turkey]] (some provinces are further subdivided)
| [[Presidential system]]
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Elections in Uruguay|Uruguay]]
| [[Chamber of Representatives of Uruguay|Chamber of Representatives]]
|Lower house of national legislature
| rowspan="2" style="background:#0066FF" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Party-list proportional representation|Party-list PR]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPU PARLINE database: URUGUAY (Cámara de Representantes), Electoral system |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2341_B.htm |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IPU PARLINE database: URUGUAY (Cámara de Senadores), Electoral system |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2342_B.htm |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" style="background:#fdd" , | [[Closed list]]
| rowspan="2" | —
| rowspan="2" | [[D'Hondt method]]
| rowspan="2" | No threshold
| [[Departments of Uruguay]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Presidential system]]
| rowspan="2" | Ballots use the [[double simultaneous vote]], the same ballot is used for electing the president (first round) and the two chambers
|-
| [[Senate of Uruguay|Chamber of Senators]]
|Upper house of national legislature
| None (single nationwide constituency)
|}