Editing Olive (section)

=== Oldest living trees ===
* An olive tree in [[Mouriscas]], [[Abrantes]], Portugal, (''Oliveira do Mouchão'') is one of the oldest known olive trees still alive to this day, with an estimated age of 3,350 years,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Declaração |url=http://www.icnf.pt/portal/florestas/aip/resource/docs/certificados/KNJ1-478-Declaracao.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104074841/http://www.icnf.pt/portal/florestas/aip/resource/docs/certificados/KNJ1-478-Declaracao.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-04 |access-date=2016-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FLORESTAS — ICNF |url=http://www.icnf.pt/portal/florestas/ArvoresFicha?Processo=KNJ1/478&Concelho=&Freguesia=&Distrito= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809114054/http://www2.icnf.pt/portal/florestas/ArvoresFicha?Processo=KNJ1%2F478&Concelho=&Freguesia=&Distrito= |archive-date=2018-08-09 |access-date=2016-11-03 |language=pt}}</ref> planted approximately at the beginning of the [[Atlantic Bronze Age]]. 
* An olive tree in the city of [[Bar, Montenegro|Bar]] in Montenegro has an estimated age of between 2,014 and 2,480 years.<ref>{{cite web |last=Anđelković |first=Nataša |date=9 July 2022 |title=Crna Gora i priroda: Stara maslina u Baru - majka, hraniteljica i sveto drvo |url=https://www.bbc.com/serbian/lat/balkan-61175303.amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124041903/https://www.bbc.com/serbian/lat/balkan-61175303.amp |archive-date=24 November 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |work=BBC News Serbian |language=Serbian}}</ref>
* An olive tree on the island of [[Brijuni]] in Croatia has a [[radiocarbon dating]] age of about 1,600&nbsp;years. It still gives fruit (about {{convert|30|kg|lb|abbr=on|disp=or}} per year), which is made into olive oil.<ref name="brijuni_national_park">{{cite web |title=The olive tree on Brijuni |url=https://www.np-brijuni.hr/en/explore-brijuni/sites-worth-visiting/the-olive-tree-on-brijuni |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423184948/https://www.np-brijuni.hr/en/explore-brijuni/sites-worth-visiting/the-olive-tree-on-brijuni |archive-date=2019-04-23 |access-date=3 April 2025 |publisher=[[Brijuni National Park]]}}</ref><!--An olive tree from town [[Kaštel Štafilić]], [[Dalmatia]] in [[Croatia]], has been calculated to be over 1,500 years old.-->
* An olive tree in west [[Athens]], named Plato's Olive Tree, is thought to be a remnant of the grove where [[Platonic Academy|Plato's Academy]] was situated, making it an estimated 2,400 years old.<ref name="costas">{{cite web |last=Vasilopoulos |first=Costas |date=17 January 2013 |title=Plato's Sacred Olive Tree Vanished |url=https://www.oliveoiltimes.com/world/platos-sacred-olive-tree-vanished/32262 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210123859/https://www.oliveoiltimes.com/world/platos-sacred-olive-tree-vanished/32262 |archive-date=2019-12-10 |access-date=3 April 2025 |work=[[Olive Oil Times]]}}</ref> The tree consisted of a cavernous trunk from which a few branches were still sprouting in 1975 when a traffic accident caused a bus to uproot it.<ref name="costas" /> Following that the trunk was preserved and displayed in the nearby [[Agricultural University of Athens]].
* The age of an olive tree in Crete, the Finix Olive, is claimed to be more than 2,000&nbsp;years, based on archaeological evidence around the tree.<ref name="r1" />
* The [[olive tree of Vouves]] in Crete has an age estimated at between 2,000 and 4,000 years.<ref name="west">{{cite web |title=Crete Lore |url=http://cretewest.com/Templates/cretelore.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211556/http://cretewest.com/Templates/cretelore.html |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=14 October 2017 |publisher=CreteWest.com}}</ref>
* An olive tree called Farga d'Arió in [[Ulldecona]], [[Catalonia]], Spain, has been estimated (with laser-perimetry methods) to date back to 314 AD, which would mean that it was planted when [[Constantine the Great]] was [[Roman emperor]].<ref name="ara">[http://www.ara.cat/societat/Certifiquen-olivera-dUlldecona-antiga-lEstat_0_1378062339.html ARA, June 18, 2015] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620021900/http://www.ara.cat/societat/Certifiquen-olivera-dUlldecona-antiga-lEstat_0_1378062339.html|date=June 20, 2015}}. ARA-diari (2015-06-18). Retrieved on 2015-06-20.</ref>
* Some Italian olive trees are believed to date back to [[Ancient Rome]] (8th century BC to 5th century AD), although identifying [[progenitor]] trees in ancient sources is difficult. There are other trees about 1,000 years old in the same garden. The 15th-century trees of Olivo della Linza, at Alliste in the [[Province of Lecce]] in [[Apulia]] on the Italian mainland, were noted by Bishop Ludovico de Pennis during his pastoral visit to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nardò-Gallipoli|Diocese of Nardò-Gallipoli]] in 1452.<ref>[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/nard0.htm Diocese of Nardò–Gallipoli] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204025801/http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/nard0.htm|date=2014-02-04}}. GCatholic.org</ref>
* The village of [[Bcheale]], Lebanon, claims to have the oldest olive trees in the world (4000 BC for the oldest), but no scientific study conclusively supports these claims. Research published in 2024 determined that at least one tree was over 1,100 years, while most others were around 500 years old.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kornei |first=Katherine |date=2024-03-09 |title=These May Be the Oldest Olive Trees in the World |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/09/science/olive-tree-oldest.html |access-date=2025-05-16 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Trees in the towns of [[Amioun]] appear to be at least 1,500 years old.<ref>{{cite web |last=Al-BAB |date=August 2011 |title=Ancient Olive Tree |url=http://albabblog.blogspot.com/2011/08/ancient-olive-trees-of-bechealeh.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829110705/http://albabblog.blogspot.com/2011/08/ancient-olive-trees-of-bechealeh.html |archive-date=2011-08-29 |access-date=2011-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Drinkwater |first=Carol |title=The Olive Route |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-297-84789-2}}</ref>
* Several trees in the Garden of [[Gethsemane]] (from the Hebrew words ''gat shemanim'' or olive press) in Jerusalem are claimed to date back to the time of [[Jesus]].<ref>Lewington, A. & Parker, E. (1999). ''Ancient Trees.'', pp. 110–113, London: Collins & Brown Ltd. {{ISBN|1-85585-704-9}}</ref> A study conducted by the National Research Council of Italy in 2012 used [[carbon dating]] on older parts of the trunks of three trees from Gethsemane and came up with the dates of 1092, 1166 and 1198 AD, while DNA tests show that the trees were originally planted from the same parent plant.<ref name="HaaretzOlives">{{cite news |date=October 20, 2012 |title=Jerusalem olive trees among oldest in world |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-10-20/jerusalem-olive-trees-among-oldest-in-world/4324342 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031024714/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-10-20/jerusalem-olive-trees-among-oldest-in-world/4324342 |archive-date=2016-10-31 |access-date=2016-01-28 |newspaper=Haaretz |agency=Reuters}}</ref> According to molecular analysis, the tested trees showed the same allelic profile at all microsatellite loci analyzed, which furthermore may indicate attempt to keep the lineage of an older species intact.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Petruccelli |first1=R |last2=Giordano |first2=C |last3=Salvatici |first3=M. C. |last4=Capozzoli |first4=L |last5=Ciaccheri |first5=L |last6=Pazzini |first6=M |last7=Lain |first7=O |last8=Testolin |first8=R |last9=Cimato |first9=A |year=2014 |title=Observation of eight ancient olive trees (''Olea europaea'' L.) growing in the Garden of Gethsemane |url=https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/biologies/articles/10.1016/j.crvi.2014.03.002/ |journal=Comptes Rendus Biologies |volume=337 |issue=5 |pages=311–317 |doi=10.1016/j.crvi.2014.03.002 |pmid=24841957}}</ref> However, Bernabei writes, "All the tree trunks are hollow inside so that the central, older wood is missing... In the end, only three from a total of eight olive trees could be successfully dated. The dated ancient olive trees do not, however, allow any hypothesis to be made with regard to the age of the remaining five giant olive trees."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bernabei |first1=Mauro |year=2015 |title=The age of the olive trees in the Garden of Gethsemane |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=53 |pages=43–48 |bibcode=2015JArSc..53...43B |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2014.10.011}}</ref> Babcox concludes, "The roots of the eight oldest trees are possibly much older. Visiting guides to the garden often state that they are two thousand years old."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Babcox |first1=Wendy |year=2014 |title=Every Olive Tree in the Garden of Gethsemane |url=http://dcqr.ucpress.edu/content/3/2/111.full.pdf |journal=Departures in Critical Qualitative Research |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=111–115 |doi=10.1525/dcqr.2014.3.2.111}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
* The 2,000-year-old<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=2,000-year-old Trees still producing olives |url=http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2011-08-16/news/2000-year-old-trees-still-producing-olives-297296/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319202510/https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2011-08-16/news/2000-year-old-trees-still-producing-olives-297296/ |archive-date=2022-03-19 |access-date=14 May 2016 |newspaper=The Malta Independent}}</ref> [[Bidni]] olive trees on [[Malta]], which have been confirmed through carbon dating,<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Race to save endemic olive tree intensifies |url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20160809/local/race-to-save-endemic-olive-tree-intensifies.621461 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327123448/https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20160809/local/race-to-save-endemic-olive-tree-intensifies.621461 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |access-date=10 August 2016 |newspaper=The Times of Malta}}</ref> have been protected since 1933<ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=List of Historical Trees Having an Antiquarian Importance |url=https://www.mepa.org.mt/file.aspx?f=1430 |access-date=14 May 2016 |magazine=Government of Malta}}{{dead link|date=February 2024|bot=medic}}</ref> and are listed in [[UNESCO]]'s Database of National Cultural Heritage Laws.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=List of Historical Trees Having an Antiquarian Importance |url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/natlaws/media/pdf/malta/malta_orderantiquetrees_enorof |access-date=14 May 2016 |magazine=UNESCO}}</ref> In 2011, after recognising their historical and landscape value, and in recognition of the fact that "only 20 trees remain from 40 at the beginning of the 20th century",<ref>{{cite report |url=https://eufunds.gov.mt/en/EU%20Funds%20Programmes/European%20Agricultural%20Fund/Documents/National%20Rural%20Development/Rural%20Development%20Programme%202007%20-%202013.pdf |title=Rural Development Programme for Malta 2007–2013 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2009 |publisher=Ministry for Resources and Rural Affairs |access-date=10 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126195656/https://eufunds.gov.mt/en/EU%20Funds%20Programmes/European%20Agricultural%20Fund/Documents/National%20Rural%20Development/Rural%20Development%20Programme%202007%20-%202013.pdf |archive-date=26 November 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Maltese authorities declared the ancient Bidni olive grove at [[Bidnija]] as a Tree Protected Area.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2011 |title=Trees and Woodlands Protection Regulations, 2011 |url=http://www.doi-archived.gov.mt/EN/gazetteonline/2011/05/gazts/GG%2024.5Mepa.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530135011/http://www.doi-archived.gov.mt/EN/gazetteonline/2011/05/gazts/GG%2024.5Mepa.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2016 |access-date=10 May 2016 |magazine=The Government of Malta Gazette}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160px" caption="Examples of olive trees">
File:Old olive tree in Maslina Kaštela, Croatia.jpg|<!--do not add age here without [[WP:RS]]-->[[Kaštela]], Croatia
File:Ulivone di Canneto Sabino.jpg|[[Canneto Sabino]], Italy
File:Olive tree Karystos2.jpg|[[Karystos]], [[Euboia]], Greece
File:OlivaAjv.jpg|[[Partenit]], Ukraine 
</gallery>