Editing Netherlands (section)

==Transport==
{{Main|Transport in the Netherlands}}
Mobility on Dutch roads has grown continuously since the 1950s and now exceeds 200 billion km travelled per year,<ref>{{cite press release |title=SWOV Fact sheet &#124; Mobility on Dutch roads |url=http://www.swov.nl/rapport/Factsheets/UK/FS_Mobility.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415044922/http://www.swov.nl/rapport/Factsheets/UK/FS_Mobility.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 April 2010 |location=Leidschendam, the Netherlands |publisher=SWOV – Dutch Institute for Road Safety Research |date=July 2013 |access-date=7 July 2014}}</ref> three quarters of which are done by car.<ref name="OECD-ITF">{{cite report |last1=Waard |first1=Jan van der |last2=Jorritsma |first2=Peter |last3=Immers |first3=Ben |date=October 2012 |title=New Drivers in Mobility: What Moves the Dutch in 2012 and Beyond? |url=http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/DiscussionPapers/DP201215.pdf |location=Delft, the Netherlands |publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] International Transport Forum |access-date=7 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117223717/http://internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/DiscussionPapers/DP201215.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2013}}</ref> Around half of all trips in the Netherlands are made by car, 25% by bicycle, 20% walking, and 5% by public transport.<ref name="OECD-ITF"/>

=== Road transport ===
[[File:A1-Hoog Buurlo.jpg|thumb|right|[[A1 motorway (Netherlands)|A1 motorway]], in [[Gelderland]]]]

The Netherlands has one of the densest road networks in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.ROD.DNST.K2?order=wbapi_data_value_2011%20wbapi_data_value%20wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc |title=Road density (km of road per 100 sq. km of land area) &#124; Data &#124; Table |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2014 |publisher=The World Bank |access-date=7 July 2014}}</ref> The Netherlands has a relatively high uptake of [[electric vehicle]]s, as the government implemented ambitious policy on both charging infrastructure and tax benefits.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rietmann |first1=Nele |chapter=A Comparison of Policy Measures Promoting Electric Vehicles in 20 Countries |date=2019 |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96526-0_7 |title=The Governance of Smart Transportation Systems: Towards New Organizational Structures for the Development of Shared, Automated, Electric and Integrated Mobility |pages=125–145 |editor-last=Finger |editor-first=Matthias |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-96526-0_7 |isbn=978-3-319-96526-0 |access-date=26 January 2023 |last2=Lieven |first2=Theo |series=The Urban Book Series |s2cid=158767268 |editor2-last=Audouin |editor2-first=Maxime}}</ref> As of 2019, the Netherlands hosts approximately 30% of all recharging stations in the European Union.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://fd.nl/economie-politiek/1323217/kwart-laadpalen-in-eu-staat-in-nederland-fce1caCY0804|title=Een kwart van de laadpalen in de EU staat in Nederland|trans-title=A quarter of the recharging stations in the EU is in the Netherlands|language=Dutch|newspaper=Fd.nl|date=4 November 2019|access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref> Moreover, newly sold cars in the Netherlands have on average the lowest {{CO2}} emissions in the EU.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.acea.be/uploads/publications/ACEA_progress_report_2019.pdf|title=Making the transition to zero-emission mobility: 2019 progress report|website=ACEA|date=September 2019|access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref>

=== Public transport ===
[[File:NSR - Sprinter Lighttrain (SLT) - Wieldrechtse Zeedijk - Dordrecht (22087244596).jpg|thumb|A regional train operated by {{lang|nl|[[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]]|italic=no}} (NS)]]

About 13% of all distance is travelled by public transport, the majority of which is by train.<ref name="OECD-ITF"/> The Dutch rail network of 3,013&nbsp;km route is also rather dense.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2121.html#nl |title=CIA World Factbook &#124; Field listing: Railways |date=2012 |publisher=U.S. Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=7 July 2014 |archive-date=13 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124715/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2121.html#nl |url-status=dead}}</ref> The network is mostly focused on passenger rail services and connects all major cities, with over [[Railway stations in the Netherlands|400 stations]]. Trains are frequent, with two trains per hour on lesser lines,{{efn|Only 11 stations are served less than twice an hour during weekdays.}} two to four trains per hour on average, and up to eight trains an hour on the busiest lines.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2017/06/ns-to-up-frequency-of-amsterdam-to-eindhoven-trains/|title=NS to up frequency of Amsterdam to Eindhoven trains to six an hour – DutchNews.nl|date=21 June 2017|work=DutchNews.nl|access-date=8 December 2017|language=en-GB}}</ref> The Dutch national train network includes the [[HSL-Zuid]], a high-speed line between the [[Amsterdam metropolitan area]] and the Belgian border for trains running from Paris and London, to the Netherlands.

=== Cycling ===
{{Main|Cycling in the Netherlands}}
[[File:Bike entrance Rotterdam Central Station.jpg|thumb|right|Bike passage at [[Rotterdam Centraal station]]]]

[[Cycling in the Netherlands|Cycling]] is a ubiquitous mode of transport. Almost as many kilometres are covered by bicycle as by train.<ref name="OECD-ITF"/> The Dutch are estimated to have at least 18 million bicycles,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollandtrade.com/media/features/feature-stories/?bstnum=4960|title=Holland Publications|first=Netherlands Enterprise Agency|last=(RVO)|work=hollandtrade.com|access-date=26 August 2016|date=17 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924031010/http://www.hollandtrade.com/media/features/feature-stories/?bstnum=4960|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.iamexpat.nl/lifestyle/cycling-netherlands|title=Cycling in the Netherlands|newspaper=Iamexpat |author1=Wedia}}</ref> which makes more than one per capita, and twice as many as the circa 9 million motor vehicles on the road.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/|title=CBS Statline|website=opendata.cbs.nl}}</ref> In 2013, the [[European Cyclists' Federation]] ranked the Netherlands and [[Denmark]] as the most bike-friendly countries in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecf.com/news/the-first-eu-wide-ecf-cycling-barometer-launched/ |title=European Cyclists' Federation – The first EU wide ECF Cycling Barometer launched |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714151023/http://www.ecf.com/news/the-first-eu-wide-ecf-cycling-barometer-launched/ |archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> [[Cycling infrastructure]] is extensive. Busy roads have received some 35,000&nbsp;km of [[Segregated cycle facilities|dedicated cycle tracks]], physically segregated from motorised traffic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fietsberaad.nl/index.cfm?lang=nl&section=nieuws&mode=newsArticle&repository=The+Netherlands+boast+almost+35.000+km+of+cycling+paths|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717230921/http://www.fietsberaad.nl/index.cfm?lang=nl&section=nieuws&mode=newsArticle&repository=The+Netherlands+boast+almost+35.000+km+of+cycling+paths|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 July 2014|title=CROW Fietsberaad|website=Fietsberaad.nl|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref> Busy junctions are often equipped with bicycle-specific traffic lights. There are large bicycle parking facilities, particularly in city centres and train stations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-04-20/how-the-dutch-investment-in-bike-parking-paid-off|title=How the Dutch Mastered Bike Parking at Train Stations|date=20 April 2023|website=Bloomberg}}</ref>

=== Water transport ===
The [[Port of Rotterdam]] is the largest port in Europe and the largest port outside East Asia, with the rivers Meuse and Rhine providing excellent access to the [[hinterland]] upstream. {{As of|2022}}, Rotterdam was the world's tenth largest [[container port]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Lloyd's List One Hundred Ports 2022 |url=https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/-/media/lloyds-list/images/top-100-ports-2022/top100ports2022_ebook.pdf?rev=bc3fa2a77e134864bcc7dde4518e07d9&hash=D54445A74F150E76C09174D21AB1ABA5 |access-date=23 January 2023 |website=Lloyd's List}}</ref> The port's main activities are [[petrochemical]] industries and general cargo handling and [[transshipment]]. The harbour functions as an important transit point for [[bulk material handling|bulk materials]] and between the European continent and overseas. The Volkeraksluizen between Rotterdam and Antwerp are the biggest sluices for inland navigation in terms of tonnage. In 2007, the [[Betuweroute]], a new fast freight railway from Rotterdam to Germany, was completed. [[Port of Amsterdam|Amsterdam]] is Europe's 4th largest port. The [[Inland navigation|inland shipping]] fleet of the Netherlands is the largest in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://seaport-magazine.nl/nederland-heeft-grootste-binnenvaartvloot-van-europa/|title=Nederland heeft grootste binnenvaartvloot van Europa|trans-title=The Netherlands has largest inland shipping fleet of Europe|language=Dutch|website=Seaport Magazine|access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref> Passenger boats in the Netherlands includes a ferry network in Amsterdam, and waterbusses and taxis in Rotterdam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public transport in Amsterdam |url=https://www.iamsterdam.com/en/travel-stay/getting-around/public-transport-in-amsterdam |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=I amsterdam |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Waterbus – Waterbus |url=https://www.waterbus.nl/en/about-the-waterbus |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=waterbus.nl}}</ref>

=== Air transport ===
[[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Schiphol Airport]], just southwest of Amsterdam, is the main [[international airport]] in the Netherlands, and the [[List of the busiest airports in Europe|third busiest airport in Europe]] by number of passengers. Schiphol is the main hub for [[KLM]], the nation's [[flag carrier]] and the world's oldest airline.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kirkliauskaite|first=Kristina|date=19 July 2020|title=What is the oldest airline in the world?|url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/worlds-oldest-airlines/index.html|access-date=22 December 2020|website=AeroTime}}</ref> In 2016, the [[Schiphol Group|Royal Schiphol Group]] airports handled 70 million passengers.<ref name="NOS Schiphol64">{{cite web |url=http://nos.nl/artikel/2152140-bijna-64-miljoen-zo-veel-passagiers-zag-schiphol-nog-nooit.html |title=Bijna 64 miljoen—zo veel passagiers zag Schiphol nog nooit |language=nl |trans-title=Almost 64 million—Schiphol never saw so many passengers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109153121/http://nos.nl/artikel/2152140-bijna-64-miljoen-zo-veel-passagiers-zag-schiphol-nog-nooit.html |date=9 January 2017 |website=NOS |publisher=[[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting]] |access-date=9 January 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2017}}</ref> All air traffic is international and Schiphol Airport is connected to over 300 destinations worldwide, more than any other European airport.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.schiphol.nl/nl/route-development/pagina/amsterdam-airport-schiphol-airport-facts/|title=What you would like to know|website=Schiphol|access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref> The airport is a major freight hub as well, processing 1.44 million tonnes of cargo in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.annualreportschiphol.com/trafficreview2020/cargo#figures-by-airport |title=71% of cargo tonnage transported by full freighters |website=Schiphol |access-date=3 May 2021 |archive-date=6 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906153751/https://www.annualreportschiphol.com/trafficreview2020/cargo#figures-by-airport |url-status=dead }}</ref> Smaller international airports are located in or near [[Eindhoven Airport|Eindhoven]], [[Rotterdam The Hague Airport|Rotterdam]], [[Maastricht Aachen Airport|Maastricht]] and [[Groningen Airport Eelde|Groningen]]. Air transport is of vital significance for the Caribbean part of the Netherlands, with all islands having their own airport. This includes the shortest runway in the world on [[Juancho E. Yrausquin Airport|Saba]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sabaisland.net/airport/|title=Saba Island Airport|date=25 February 2018|access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref>