Editing Milan (section)

== Transport ==
{{Main|Transport in Milan}}
[[File:Shared electric cars at Piazza Duca d'Aosta, Milan.jpg|thumb|right|[[Carsharing]] cars in [[Piazza Duca d'Aosta]]]]
Milan is one of the key transport nodes of Italy and southern Europe. Its [[Milano Centrale railway station|central railway station]] is Italy's second, after [[Rome Termini railway station]], and Europe's eighth busiest.<ref name=grandistazioni>{{cite web|title=List of major railway stations in Italy with passenger figures. |url=http://www.centostazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=a675d5e57e30a110VgnVCM10000080a3e90aRCRD |publisher=Ferrovie dello Stato |access-date=20 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722030440/http://www.centostazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=a675d5e57e30a110VgnVCM10000080a3e90aRCRD |archive-date=22 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Milano Centrale station official page on Ferrovie dello stato website.|url=http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=b0b0f42b3e09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD|publisher=Ferrovie dello Stato|access-date=20 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924041558/http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=b0b0f42b3e09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD|archive-date=24 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Milan Malpensa Airport|Malpensa]], [[Linate Airport|Linate]] and [[Orio al Serio International Airport|Orio al Serio]] airports serve the Greater Milan, the largest metropolitan area in Italy.

[[Azienda Trasporti Milanesi]] (ATM) is the Milanese municipal transport company; it operates 5 [[Rapid transit|metro]] lines, 18 tram lines, 131 bus lines, 4 [[trolleybus]] lines and 1 [[people mover]] line, carrying about 776&nbsp;million passengers in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ATM in Figures ATM, Azienda Trasporti Milanesi|url=https://www.atm.it/en/IlGruppo/ChiSiamo/Pages/Numeri.aspx|access-date=10 June 2020|website=www.atm.it|archive-date=28 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228000627/https://www.atm.it/en/IlGruppo/ChiSiamo/Pages/Numeri.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> Overall the network covers nearly {{cvt|1500|km|0}} reaching 46 municipalities.<ref>{{cite web|title=ATM in Figures|url=https://www.atm.it/en/IlGruppo/ChiSiamo/Pages/Numeri.aspx|website=www.atm.it|publisher=[[Azienda Trasporti Milanesi]]|access-date=27 December 2017|archive-date=28 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228000627/https://www.atm.it/en/IlGruppo/ChiSiamo/Pages/Numeri.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> Besides public transport, ATM manages the interchange [[parking lot]]s and other transport services including [[BikeMi|bike sharing]] and [[carsharing]] systems.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carta della Mobilità 2011|url = http://www.atm-mi.it/it/IlGruppo/ChiSiamo/Documents/carta_della_mobilita2011.pdf|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120329192453/http://www.atm-mi.it/it/IlGruppo/ChiSiamo/Documents/carta_della_mobilita2011.pdf|url-status = dead|archive-date = 29 March 2012|publisher=Azienda Trasporti Milanesi|access-date=20 September 2011}}</ref>

=== Rail ===

==== Underground ====
[[File:M4 San Babila appena inaugurata.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Milan Metro]] is the largest rapid transit system in Italy in terms of length, number of stations and ridership; and the fifth longest in the [[European Union]] and the eighth in the [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.milanocittastato.it/trasporti/effetto-m4-la-metro-di-milano-entra-nella-top-europea/?fbclid=IwY2xjawF3U1dleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHXSpIbaPnyiu6v7H7zI_mDyWgUrPadrCjN6GDzfUhPP2dI-Mfj4jLYBecw_aem__7hUFLg35ygwuZipXbL1Vg#goog_rewarded|title=Effetto M4: la metro di Milano entra nella top europea|date=11 October 2024 |access-date=12 October 2024|language=it}}</ref>]]
The [[Milan Metro]] is the [[rapid transit]] system serving the city and surrounding municipalities. The network consists of 5 lines ([[Milan Metro Line 1|M1]], [[Milan Metro Line 2|M2]], [[Milan Metro Line 3|M3]], [[Milan Metro Line 4|M4]] and [[Milan Metro Line 5|M5]]), with a total network length of {{convert|112|km}}, and a total of [[List of Milan Metro stations|125 stations]], mostly underground.<ref name="Milan-figs">{{cite web |url=http://www.metropolitanamilanese.it/pub/page/it/MM/metropolitane_milano?contentId=613 |title=L'opera che ha fatto di Milano una grande metropoli |publisher=Metropolitane Milanesi SpA |language=it |trans-title=The work that has made a great metropolis of Milan |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013235930/http://www.metropolitanamilanese.it/pub/page/it/MM/metropolitane_milano |archive-date=13 October 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It has a daily ridership of 1.15&nbsp;million,<ref name=rep3sep>{{cite news |url=http://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2013/09/03/news/metro-65775461/ |title=Atm, un piano da 524 milioni per 500mila passeggeri un più |newspaper=la Repubblica |date=3 September 2013 |access-date=23 September 2013 |archive-date=12 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512011933/https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2013/09/03/news/metro-65775461/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the largest in Italy as well as one of the largest in Europe.

The architectural project of the Milan Metro, created by [[Franco Albini]] and [[Franca Helg]], and the signs, designed by [[Bob Noorda]], received the [[Compasso d'Oro]] award in 1964.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.metromilano50.com/compasso-oro/|title = Compasso d'oro 1964 alla Metropolitana di Milano – Motivazione e foto storiche della premiazione|access-date=14 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110050252/http://www.metromilano50.com/compasso-oro/|archive-date=10 January 2015|url-status = dead|language=it}}</ref> Within the European Union it is the seventh-largest network in terms of kilometres.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metropolitana-milano.it/|title=Metropolitana Milano – Scopri la metropolitana di Milano|access-date=31 January 2020|language=it}}</ref>

==== Suburban ====
[[File:Milano staz Porta Venezia TSR linea S6.JPG|thumb|A [[Treno Servizio Regionale|TSR]] train at [[Milano Porta Venezia railway station]] on the [[Milan Passerby Railway]]]]
{{As of|2023|May}}, the [[Milan suburban railway service]], operated by [[Trenord]], comprises 11 [[S-train|S lines]] connecting the metropolitan area with the city centre, with possible transfers to all the metro lines. Most S lines run through the [[Milan Passerby Railway]], commonly referred to as "il Passante" and served by double-decker trains every 4/8 minutes in the central underground section.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Lines▶Regional & Suburban Railway|url=http://www.trenord.it/en/the-lines/regional-railway.aspx|publisher=[[Trenord]]|access-date=27 December 2017|archive-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103003936/http://www.trenord.it/en/the-lines/regional-railway.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== National and international trains ====
[[File:Milan CentralStation 016 4294.jpg|thumb|[[Milano Centrale railway station]]]]

Milan Central station, with 110 million passengers per year, is the largest and [[List of busiest railway stations in Europe|eighth-busiest railway station in Europe]] and the second busiest in Italy after [[Roma Termini]].<ref name="grandistazioni"/> Milano Centrale railway station is the largest railway station in Europe by volume.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unitremilano.it/920/luoghi/stazione-centrale-milano.html |title=La Stazione Centrale di Milano: la più grande in Europa |date=8 February 2020 |access-date=1 October 2023 |archive-date=23 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923165628/https://www.unitremilano.it/920/luoghi/stazione-centrale-milano.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Milano Cadorna railway station|Milano Cadorna]] and [[Milano Porta Garibaldi railway station|Milano Porta Garibaldi]] stations are, respectively, the seventh- and the eleventh-busiest stations in Italy.<ref name="grandistazioni"/>

Since the end of 2009, two [[High-speed rail|high-speed train]] lines link Milan to Rome, [[Naples]] and [[Turin–Milan high-speed railway|Turin]], considerably shortening travel times with other major cities in Italy. Further high-speed lines are under construction towards Genoa and Verona. Milan is served by direct international trains to Nice, Marseille, Lyon, Paris, Lugano, Geneva, Bern, Basel, Zurich and Frankfurt, and by overnight sleeper services to Munich and Vienna (ÖBB).<ref>{{cite web |title=International Destinations|url=http://www.trenitalia.com/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=4005d8f9f285a110VgnVCM10000080a3e90aRCRD |publisher=Ferrovie dello Stato |access-date=20 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111070722/http://www.trenitalia.com/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=4005d8f9f285a110VgnVCM10000080a3e90aRCRD |archive-date=11 January 2015}}</ref> Since 2011 [[Trenord]], has operated both Trenitalia and LeNord regional trains in Lombardy, carrying over 750,000 passengers on more than 50 routes every day.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lombardia regional operator Trenord launched with €250m train tender |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/policy/single-view/view/lombardia-regional-operator-trenord-launched-with-EUR250m-train-tender.html |access-date=27 December 2017 |publisher=Railway Gazette International |date=4 May 2011 |archive-date=28 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228000842/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/policy/single-view/view/lombardia-regional-operator-trenord-launched-with-EUR250m-train-tender.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trenord.it/en/about-us/company-profile.aspx |title=Trenord Company profile |access-date=30 January 2019 |publisher=trenord.it |archive-date=30 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130220759/http://www.trenord.it/en/about-us/company-profile.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Trenitalia]] and [[S.N.C.F.]] provide overnight services to [[Paris]], stopping at [[Lyon]] and [[Turin]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.seat61.com/trains-and-routes/paris-to-venice-by-train.htm |author=Paige McClanahan |title=Planning a Train Trip in Europe? New Sleeper Trains and High-Speed Routes Await |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=10 February 2025}}</ref>

=== Buses and trams ===
[[File:Milano tram piazza Cavour.jpg|thumb|Intersecting trams under the arcs of [[Porta Nuova, Gate of Milan|Porta Nuova medieval gate]]. This type of historical tram is also used in [[San Francisco]], United States<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.milanotoday.it/blog/t_el-see-che-a-milan/tram-milano-san-francisco.html|title=Perché a San Francisco girano (anche) i tram di Milano|access-date=25 October 2024|language=it}}</ref>]]
The [[Trams in Milan|city tram network]] consists of approximately {{convert|160|km}} of track and 18 lines, and is Europe's most advanced light rail system.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://world.nycsubway.org/eu/it/milan.html |title=world.nycsubway.org/Europe/Italy/Milan (Urban Trams) |publisher=World.nycsubway.org |date=8 December 2003 |access-date=13 March 2009 |archive-date=9 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309205545/http://world.nycsubway.org/eu/it/milan.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Bus lines cover over {{cvt|1070|km|0}}. Milan also has [[taxicab|taxi]] services operated by private companies and licensed by the City Council of Milan. The city is also a key node for the national road network, being served by all the major highways of Northern Italy. Numerous long-distance bus lines link Milan with many other cities and towns in Lombardy and throughout Italy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Long-Distance Buses|url=https://www.muoversi.milano.it/web/portale-mobilita-en/long-distance-buses|publisher=City of Milan|access-date=23 July 2016|archive-date=15 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715085354/http://www.muoversi.milano.it/web/portale-mobilita-en/long-distance-buses|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Airports ===
[[File:Milan malpensa terminal airport.jpg|thumb|[[Milan Malpensa Airport]]]]
[[File:Bergamo airport terminal.jpg|thumb|Departures area of the [[Milan Bergamo Airport]]]]

In the surroundings of Milan there are three airports dedicated to normal civilian traffic (Milan Malpensa Airport and Milan Linate Airport, managed by SEA, and Milan Bergamo Airport by SACBO).

Overall, the Milan airport system handles traffic of over 51.4&nbsp;million passengers and around 700,000 tons of goods every year and is the first in Italy in terms of passenger volume and cargo volume (the second Italian airport system is Rome with 44.4&nbsp;million passengers in 2023).<ref>{{cite web |access-date=1 February 2024 |language=it |publisher=Assareoporti |title=Statistiche Dati di Traffico Aeroportuale Italiano |url=https://assaeroporti.com/statistiche/}}</ref> The Milan Malpensa airport, with over 700 thousand tons, confirms the national leadership, processing 70% of the country's air cargo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2023 |title=Aeroporti italiani: nel 2022 passeggeri in crescita, gli scali del Sud e delle Isole guidano la ripresa del traffico verso i livelli pre-Covid |url=https://assaeroporti.com/aeroporti-italiani-nel-2022-passeggeri-in-crescita-gli-scali-del-sud-e-delle-isole-guidano-la-ripresa-del-traffico-verso-i-livelli-pre-covid/ |access-date=21 February 2023 |website=Assaeroporti |language=it-IT |archive-date=21 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221122524/https://assaeroporti.com/aeroporti-italiani-nel-2022-passeggeri-in-crescita-gli-scali-del-sud-e-delle-isole-guidano-la-ripresa-del-traffico-verso-i-livelli-pre-covid/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The intercontinental [[Spoke–hub distribution paradigm|hub]] of [[Milan Malpensa Airport]] (MXP) is Italy's second-busiest airport, after [[Rome Fiumicino Airport]], with 24.1&nbsp;million passengers served in 2023 and Italy's busiest for freight and cargo, handling about 700,000 tons of international freight in 2022. Malpensa Airport is the largest [[international airport]] in northern Italy, serving [[Lombardy]], Piedmont and [[Liguria]], as well as the Swiss [[Canton of Ticino]]. The airport is located {{convert|49|km}} north-west of Milan,<ref name="AIP">{{cite web |url=http://www.ead.eurocontrol.int/publicuser/protect/pu/main.jsp |title=EAD Basic |publisher=Ead.eurocontrol.int |access-date=7 November 2010 |archive-date=5 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005154221/http://www.ead.eurocontrol.int/publicuser/protect/pu/main.jsp |url-status=live }}</ref> in the [[province of Varese]] next to the [[Ticino (river)|Ticino]] river dividing Lombardy and Piedmont. Malpensa airport is 9th in the world and 6th in Europe for the number of countries served with direct scheduled flights<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ceresa |first=Gabriele |date=15 February 2023 |title=Malpensa torna tra i primi 10 aeroporti al mondo per Paesi serviti con voli diretti |url=https://www.malpensa24.it/malpensa-classifica-aeroporti-mondo/ |access-date=22 February 2023 |website=MALPENSA24 |language=it-IT |archive-date=22 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222001925/https://www.malpensa24.it/malpensa-classifica-aeroporti-mondo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It is connected to Milan by the [[Malpensa Express]] railway service and by various bus lines.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.malpensaexpress.it/ |title=Collegamento Milano Malpensa – Malpensa Express |publisher=Malpensaexpress.it |access-date=7 November 2010 |archive-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018081453/http://www.malpensaexpress.it/en/index.php |url-status=live }}</ref> The airport is located inside the [[Parco naturale lombardo della Valle del Ticino]], a [[nature reserve]] included by [[UNESCO]] in the [[World Network of Biosphere Reserves]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parco del Ticino |title=Turismo sostenibile |url=https://ente.parcoticino.it/visita-il-parco/come-muoversi-nel-parco/turismo-sostenibile/ |website=ente.parcoticino.it |publisher=Parco Lombardo Valle del Ticino |access-date=8 July 2024 |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Unesco |title=Ticino, Val Grande Verbano |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/ticino-val-grande-verbano |website=unesco.org |publisher=Unesco |access-date=7 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Milan Linate Airport]] (LIN) is Milan's city airport, less than {{convert|8|km|0}} from central Milan, and is mainly used for domestic and short-haul international flights. It served 8.6&nbsp;million passengers in 2023 ranking as the 8th airport in Italy for passenger traffic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistiche Dati di Traffico Aeroportuale Italiano |url=https://assaeroporti.com/statistiche/ |access-date=22 February 2023 |website=Assaeroporti |language=it-IT |archive-date=8 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208020646/https://assaeroporti.com/statistiche/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Linate Airport is hub of [[ITA Airways]] together with Rome Fiumicino Airport and is connected the centre of Milan via the [[Milan Metro Line 4|M4 blue metro line]].
* [[Milan Bergamo Airport]] (BGY) is mainly used for low-cost, charter and cargo flights.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lombardia.portale-infrastrutture.it/infrastruttura.php?id=338|title=Aeroporto di Bergamo – Orio al Serio|access-date=3 February 2024|language=it}}</ref> The airport is located in [[Orio al Serio]], {{cvt|3.7|km}} south-east of [[Bergamo]] and {{cvt|45|km}} north-east of Milan. It is one of [[Ryanair]]'s three main operating bases, along with [[Dublin Airport]] and [[London Stansted Airport]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ryanair |url=https://www.ryanair.com/gb/en |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=www.ryanair.com}}</ref> It served 14.7&nbsp;million passengers in 2023.<ref>{{cite web|title=Real time flights|url=https://www.milanbergamoairport.it/en/|publisher=milanbergamoairport.it|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-date=30 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130043625/https://www.milanbergamoairport.it/en/|url-status=live}}</ref> A bus service operated by ATB connects to the airport, about 10 minutes from the [[Bergamo railway station]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orioaeroporto.it/en/train/|title=Train SACBO|access-date=25 October 2015|archive-date=29 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929144534/http://www.orioaeroporto.it/en/train/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Lastly, [[Bresso Airfield]] is a [[general aviation]] airport, operated by Aero Club Milano.<ref>{{cite web|title=The airport: technical information|url=http://www.aeroclubmilano.it/en/airport/technical-information|publisher=Aero Club Milano|access-date=29 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230060255/http://www.aeroclubmilano.it/en/airport/technical-information|archive-date=30 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since 1960 the airport mostly serves as a general aviation airfield for flying club activity, touristic flights and air taxi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeroclubmilano.it/|title=Aero Club Milano|access-date=9 February 2024|language=it}}</ref> It also hosts a base of the state helicopter emergency service ''Elisoccorso''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hems-association.com/it/base/7.html | title=Base di elisoccorso Milano &#124; HEMS Association|access-date=9 February 2024|language=it}}</ref>

=== Cycling ===
[[Image:Bike share.jpg|thumb|right|[[BikeMi]] station and bikes along Corso Garibaldi]]
The bicycle is becoming an increasingly important mode of transportation in Milan. Since 2008, the implementation of a city-wide network of bike paths has been initiated, to fight congestion and air pollution. During the COVID pandemic in 2019, 35&nbsp;km of bike lanes were realized on short notice, to relieve pressure on the subway occupation.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 August 2020|title=La mappa delle piste ciclabili di Milano e 35 chilometri di nuovi itinerari: obiettivo raggiunto a ottobre|url=https://www.mentelocale.it/milano/articoli/85836-mappa-delle-piste-ciclabili-milano-35-chilometri-nuovi-itinerari-obiettivo-raggiunto-ottobre.htm|access-date=5 November 2021|website=mentelocale.it|language=it|archive-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105125608/https://www.mentelocale.it/milano/articoli/85836-mappa-delle-piste-ciclabili-milano-35-chilometri-nuovi-itinerari-obiettivo-raggiunto-ottobre.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[bike sharing]] system BikeMi has been deployed in almost all the city and enjoys increasing popularity. Stationless commercial bike and scooter sharing systems are widely available.