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====Ancient Africa==== An early recorded use of foreign auxiliaries dates back to [[ancient Egypt]], the thirteenth century BC, when [[Pharaoh]] [[Ramesses II]] used 11,000 mercenaries during his battles. A long established foreign corps in the Egyptian forces were the [[Medjay]]βa generic term given to tribal scouts and light infantry recruited from [[Nubia]] serving from the late period of the [[Old Kingdom]] through that of the [[New Kingdom of Egypt|New Kingdom]]. Other warriors recruited from outside the borders of [[Egypt]] included Libyan, Syrian and Canaanite contingents under the New Kingdom and Sherdens from Sardinia who appear in their distinctive horned helmets on wall paintings as body guards for Ramesses II.<ref>Healy, Mark; ''New Kingdom Egypt''; {{ISBN|1855322080}}; {{page needed|date=April 2022}}</ref> [[Celts|Celtic]] mercenaries were greatly employed in the [[Ancient Greece|Greek world]] (leading to the [[Brennus (3rd century BC)#Attack on Delphi|sack of Delphi]] and the Celtic settlement of [[Galatia]]). The Greek rulers of [[Ptolemaic Egypt]], too, used Celtic mercenaries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/CELTS/2004-02/1077679998|title=Rootsweb: Celts in Egypt|publisher=Archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com|date=24 February 2004|access-date=17 October 2011|archive-date=3 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103115943/http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/CELTS/2004-02/1077679998|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Carthage]] was unique for relying primarily on mercenaries to fight its wars, particularly [[Gaul]] and [[Mercenaries of the ancient Iberian peninsula|Spanish mercenaries]].
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