Editing Light-emitting diode (section)

== Environmental issues ==

* [[Light pollution]]: Because [[#White|white LEDs]] emit more short wavelength light than sources such as high-pressure [[sodium vapor lamp]]s, the increased blue and green sensitivity of [[scotopic vision]] means that white LEDs used in outdoor lighting cause substantially more [[sky glow]].<ref name="IDA">{{Cite book|title=Visibility, Environmental, and Astronomical Issues Associated with Blue-Rich White Outdoor Lighting |publisher=International Dark-Sky Association |date=May 4, 2010 |url=http://www.darksky.org/assets/documents/Reports/IDA-Blue-Rich-Light-White-Paper.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116003035/http://darksky.org/assets/documents/Reports/IDA-Blue-Rich-Light-White-Paper.pdf |archive-date=January 16, 2013 }}</ref>
* Impact on wildlife: LEDs are much more attractive to insects than sodium-vapor lights, so much so that there has been speculative concern about the possibility of disruption to [[food web]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=LEDs: Good for prizes, bad for insects |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/leds-good-prizes-bad-insects |website=Science |first1=Erik |last1=Stokstad |date=7 October 2014 |access-date=7 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=LED Lighting Increases the Ecological Impact of Light Pollution Irrespective of Color Temperature |bibcode-access=free |journal=Ecological Applications|volume=24|issue=7|pages=1561–1568|doi=10.1890/14-0468.1|pmid=29210222|year=2014|last1=Pawson|first1=S. M.|last2=Bader|first2=M. K.-F.|bibcode=2014EcoAp..24.1561P |doi-access=free}}</ref> LED lighting near beaches, particularly intense blue and white colors, can disorient turtle hatchlings and make them wander inland instead.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.usc.edu/144389/usc-scientist-database-reduce-effects-of-led-light-on-animals/ |first1=Gary |last1=Polakovic |title=Scientist's new database can help protect wildlife from harmful hues of LED lights|date=2018-06-12|website=USC News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519125811/https://news.usc.edu/144389/usc-scientist-database-reduce-effects-of-led-light-on-animals/ |archive-date= May 19, 2020 }}</ref> The use of "turtle-safe lighting" LEDs that emit only at narrow portions of the visible spectrum is encouraged by conservancy groups in order to reduce harm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://conserveturtles.org/information-sea-turtles-threats-artificial-lighting/|title=Information About Sea Turtles: Threats from Artificial Lighting |website=Sea Turtle Conservancy|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref>
* Use in winter conditions: Since they do not give off much heat in comparison to incandescent lights, LED lights used for traffic control can have snow obscuring them, leading to accidents.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/ConsumerNews/led-traffic-lights-unusual-potentially-deadly-winter-problem/story?id=9506449|title=Stoplights' Unusual, Potentially Deadly Winter Problem |date=January 8, 2010|publisher=ABC News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212132630/https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/ConsumerNews/led-traffic-lights-unusual-potentially-deadly-winter-problem/story?id=9506449 |archive-date= Dec 12, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cars.com/articles/2009/12/led-traffic-lights-cant-melt-snow-ice/|title=LED Traffic Lights Can't Melt Snow, Ice |website=Cars.com |date= December 17, 2009 |first1=Stephen |last1=Markley |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606011840/https://www.cars.com/articles/2009/12/led-traffic-lights-cant-melt-snow-ice/ |archive-date= Jun 6, 2019 }}</ref>